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    <article-meta>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Baltic DB&amp;IS 2022 Doctoral Consortium and Forum Proceedings</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Preface</string-name>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff0">
          <label>0</label>
          <institution>Riga Technical University</institution>
          ,
          <addr-line>Kipsalas Street 6A, Riga, LV-1048</addr-line>
          ,
          <country country="LV">Latvia</country>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution>Tallinn University of Technology</institution>
          ,
          <addr-line>Ehitajate tee 5, Tallinn, 19086</addr-line>
          ,
          <country country="EE">Estonia</country>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution>University of Latvia</institution>
          ,
          <addr-line>Raiņa bulvāris 19, Riga, LV-1586</addr-line>
          ,
          <country country="LV">Latvia</country>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>3</label>
          <institution>University of Novi Sad, Address</institution>
          ,
          <addr-line>Novi Sad, 21102</addr-line>
          ,
          <country country="RS">Serbia</country>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>4</label>
          <institution>Vilnius Gediminas Technical University</institution>
          ,
          <addr-line>Saulėtekio al. 11, Vilnius, LT-10223</addr-line>
          ,
          <country country="LT">Lithuania</country>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date>
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <abstract>
        <p>Tarmo Robal 1, Diana Kalibatiene 2, Girts Karnitis 3, Laila Niedrite 3, Marite Kirikova 4, Mirjana Ivanovic 5 and Juris Borzovs 3</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec id="sec-1">
      <title>-</title>
      <p>Conference hosted by University of Latvia in collaboration with Riga Technical University
03-06 July 2022</p>
      <p>Riga, Latvia</p>
      <p>These proceedings include the papers of the Doctoral Consortium and Conference Forum, held in
conjunction with the 15th International Baltic Conference on Digital Business and Intelligent Systems
(Baltic DB&amp;IS 2022) in Riga, Latvia during 3-6 July 2022. Formerly, the conference series has been
known as the International Baltic Conference on Databases and Information Systems. The 2022
conference was organized by University of Latvia and Riga Technical University, in cooperation with
Tallinn University of Technology, University of Tartu, Vilnius University, and Vilnius Gediminas
Technical University.</p>
      <p>The Doctoral Consortium provided an opportunity for PhD students to present their work to senior
researchers (mentors) and peers from a diverse set of academic and industrial institutions in a relaxed
and supportive environment to further improve scientific writing and presentation skills of young
researchers. The Doctoral Consortium also helped to receive constructive feedback on their research
from the field experts, and supported building a network with peers and future colleagues. Each doctoral
consortium submission was reviewed by at least three senior researchers and in the end two papers out
of the four submissions are included to these proceedings and for the presentation at the conference.
The topics of the Doctoral Consortium were in line with the main conference topics.</p>
      <p>The Conference Forum papers were accepted after a careful evaluation process. Each paper was
independently reviewed by at least two members of the international Program Committee of Baltic
DB&amp;IS 2022 Forum. Some papers were invited to the Forum as the result of conference papers’
evaluation process. Altogether, there were 48 submissions for the conference and Forum, from which
ten are included in the Forum volume. Six of these were recommended from the submissions to the
main conference and the rest were selected from the papers directly submitted to the Forum. The 10
Forum papers present the authors’ positions, innovative work in progress, and demonstrated innovative
tools and applications.</p>
      <p>The conference topics form five groups. The first group addresses Computer Science Models,
Methods, Algorithms, and Tools for Digital Business. The second group concerns Knowledge and
Knowledge Technologies for Digital Business and Intelligent Systems. The third group concerns IT
Support for Digital Transformation. The fourth group concerns different perspectives on Artificial
Agents and Smart Systems for Digital Business. Finally, the fifth group goes under the umbrella topic
heading of Data, Data Science, and Computing for Digital Business and Intelligent Systems. The Baltic
DB&amp;IS Forum 2022 papers address practically all main topics of the conference and range from
theoretical papers on conceptual and system theory issues to practice-oriented research that concerns,
for instance, testing.</p>
      <p>We are grateful to the reviewers and Doctoral Consortium mentors for their thorough evaluation and
support. We thank all authors for their submissions, regardless whether their work was selected or not,
and presentations.</p>
      <p>July 2022</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-2">
      <title>Tarmo Robal, Diana Kalibatiene and Girts Karnitis</title>
      <p>Doctoral Consortium Chairs</p>
      <sec id="sec-2-1">
        <title>Conference Chair</title>
      </sec>
      <sec id="sec-2-2">
        <title>Program Chairs</title>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-3">
      <title>Mirjana Ivanovic Marite Kirikova Laila Niedrite</title>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-4">
      <title>University of Novi Sad, Serbia Riga Technical University, Latvia University of Latvia, Latvia Juris Borzovs</title>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-5">
      <title>University of Latvia, Latvia.</title>
      <sec id="sec-5-1">
        <title>Doctoral Consortium Chairs</title>
      </sec>
      <sec id="sec-5-2">
        <title>Steering Committee Members</title>
        <p>Tarmo Robal
Diana Kalibatienė
Ģirts Karnītis</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-6">
      <title>Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Lithuania University of Latvia, Latvia</title>
      <p>Janis Bubenko (1935-2022)* Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University, Sweden
Arne Sølvberg* Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
Guntis Arnicāns University of Latvia, Latvia
Juris Borzovs University of Latvia, Latvia
Gintautas Dzemyda Vilnius University, Lithuania
Jānis Grundspeņķis Riga Technical University, Latvia
Hele-Mai Haav Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia
Diana Kalibatiene Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Lithuania
Mārīte Kirikova Riga Technical University, Latvia
Innar Liiv Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia
Audronė Lupeikienė Vilnius University, Lithuania
Raimundas Matulevičius University of Tartu, Estonia
Tarmo Robal Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia
Olegas Vasilecas Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Lithuania
*honorary member</p>
      <sec id="sec-6-1">
        <title>Forum Program Committee Members</title>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-7">
      <title>Gundars Alksnis</title>
      <p>Alla Anohiuna-Naumeca
Vineta Arnicane
Zane Bicevska
Janis Bicevskis
Uldis Bojars
Katrina Bolocko
Antanas Cenys
Karlis Freivalds
Janis Kampars</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-8">
      <title>Riga Technical University, Latvia</title>
      <p>Riga Technical University, Latvia
University of Latvia, Latvia
University of Latvia, Latvia
University of Latvia, Latvia
University of Latvia, Latvia
Riga Technical University, Latvia
Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Lithuania
University of Latvia, Latvia
Riga Technical University, Latvia</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-9">
      <title>University of Latvia, Latvia</title>
      <p>Universität der Bundeswehr München, Germany
Vilnius Gedeminas Technical University, Lithuania
Transport and Telecommunication Institute, Latvia
Riga Technical University, Latvia
Riga Technical University, Latvia
Transport and Telecommunication Institute, Latvia
Tilde, Latvia
University of Latvia, Latvia
Riga Technical University Latvia</p>
      <sec id="sec-9-1">
        <title>Doctoral Consortium</title>
        <p>Comparison of business process modelling approaches …………………………………………… 1
Šarūnė Sielskaitė
Enhanced Enterprise Architecture Framework for M&amp;A PMI ….………………………………… 8
Ksenija Lace</p>
      </sec>
      <sec id="sec-9-2">
        <title>Conference Forum</title>
        <p>Awareness and Development of Industry 4.0: Case of Latvia ……………………………………. 20
Sintija Petrovica, Maija Strautmane, Alla Anohina-Naumeca
Extension of GIS Functionality for Integration of Surface Water Bodies Assessment ..…………. 33
Dale Dzemydiene, Saulius Maskeliunas, Giedre Dzemydaite
Frustration Level Analysis in Customer Support Tweets for Different Languages ...…………….. 45
Viktorija Leonova, Janis Zuters
Regression Testing: Test Cases for Graphical Images ...……………………………….……….… 55
Janis Bicevskis, Edgars Diebelis, Zane Bicevska, Andrejs Neimanis
Systems of Systems Perspective in IT Project Quality Management ..….……………………….... 65
Marite Kirikova, Janis Grundspenkis, Arnis Stasko
Towards a Human-in-the-Loop Intelligent Intrusion Detection System ...………………………... 71
Evita Roponena, Janis Kampars, Janis Grabis, Andris Gailitis
Towards Computer-Assisted Latvian ICT Terminology Development ...……………...………..... 82
Dace Šostaka, Juris Borzovs
Towards ONTO6 Framework for Concept Elicitation ...………………………………………….. 91
Uldis Straujums
Visualization of Indoor Sensor Data to Reduce the Risk of Covid-19 Infection ...………………. 101
Laila Niedrite, Guntis Arnicans, Darja Solodovnikova
Web 3.0 Adoption Behavior: PLS-SEM and Sentiment Analysis ..……………………………… 113
Sheikh Muhamad Hizam, Waqas Ahmed, Habiba Akter, Ilham Sentosa, Mohamad Noorman
Masrek</p>
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