=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=Vol-3200/paper12
|storemode=property
|title=The Criterion of the Effective Use of Energy Resources While Producing Plant Products of Specified Quality
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3200/paper12.pdf
|volume=Vol-3200
|authors=Vitaliy Lysenko,Valerii Koval,Igor Bolbot,Taras Lendiel,Kateryna Nakonechna,Anastasija Bolbot
|dblpUrl=https://dblp.org/rec/conf/isecit/LysenkoKBLNB21
}}
==The Criterion of the Effective Use of Energy Resources While Producing Plant Products of Specified Quality ==
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3200/paper12.pdf
The Criterion of the Effective Use of Energy Resources While
Producing Plant Products of Specified Quality
Vitaliy Lysenko1, Valerii Koval2, Igor Bolbot3, Taras Lendiel4, Kateryna Nakonechna5,
Anastasija Bolbot6
1-6
National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, 12v Heroiv Oborony str. (Building No.
11), Kyiv, 03041, Ukraine
Abstract
A new criterion for efficient use of energy resources, the essence of which is to minimize the
difference between the relative indicators of phytoclimatic life support and phyto-development
of plants, is proposed for use in automation systems implemented in protected ground facilities.
It minimizes energy costs, while ensuring a specified quality of plants and products, and takes
into account the phases of plant development.
Keywords 1
energy efficient control system, energy resources, phytomonitoring, mathematical modeling,
greenhouse facilities, product quality monitoring, control strategies.
1. Introduction and ensuring an optimal balance of all factors. The
condition of the plant and development are
evidenced by uniform flowering, fruiting
At present, specialized studies have not
(generativeness) and leaf formation and
established links between energy consumption
development of the root system (vegetativeness)
and the state of the biological component of the
[2, 3].
object in protected ground facilities, which are
There also arises a need to develop the
characterized by the spatial distribution of
criterion of the effective use of energy resources,
technological parameters and indicators of plant
the essence of which is to minimize the difference
quality. This is not taken into account in the
between the relative indicators of phytoclimatic
development of principles for the construction
life support and phyto-development of plants. The
and operation of energy-flow automation systems
use of the above-mentioned criterion in
in spatially distributed facilities – greenhouse
automation systems for the control of energy
facilities for the production of products of
flows in protected ground facilities for the
specified quality.
cultivation of plant products ensures the
Rational regulation of the microclimate in the
minimization of energy costs and the
greenhouse provides 90% of the crop [1]. The
predetermined quality of plant products, taking
main components of the microclimate are
into account the phases of plant development.
temperature, light, CO2 level in the greenhouse
and relative humidity. The maximum level of
productivity is achieved by reducing plant stress
III International Scientific And Practical Conference “Information
Security And Information Technologies”, September 13–19, 2021,
Odesa, Ukraine
EMAIL: lysenko@nubip.edu.ua (A. 1); v.koval@nubip.edu.ua
(A. 2); igor-bolbot@ukr.net (A. 3); taraslendel@gmail.com (A. 4);
kln273125@gmail.com (A. 5); anastasiyabolbot78@gmail.com
(A. 6);
ORCID: 0000-0002-5659-6806 (A. 1); 0000-0003-0911-2538 (A. 2);
0000-0002-5708-6007 (A. 3); 0000-0002-6356-1230 (A. 4); 0000-
0002-1537-7201 (A. 5)
©️ 2021 Copyright for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative
Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
CEUR Workshop Proceedings (CEUR-WS.org)
2. Problem Statement radiation L. The following regression equations
were derived from the studies:
- formation by a plant of quantity of flowers in
The purpose of this paper is to develop a
an inflorescence:
criterion for the efficient use of energy resources
by the control system in an industrial greenhouse,
К1(Θ, L)=-0,05417+0,0375·Θ-,55843·L-
which will increase the energy efficiency of plant
0,00225·L·Θ2+0,066563·L·Θ+0,11419·L2-
production, while ensuring its specified quality.
-0,01188· L2·Θ+0,000339·L2·Θ2; (3)
3. Research Methods - formation by the plant of the number of fruits
on the branch:
The assessment of the quality of tomatoes
grown in protected ground facilities, both based К2(Θ, L)=0,24375-0,03125·Θ-0,00203·L-
on the traditional differential and integrated 0,00013·L·Θ2+0,014219·L·Θ+ +0,020176·L2-
methods, does not solve the problem successfully, -0,00194·L2·Θ+0,0000181·L2·Θ2; (4)
because there is a need to take into account plant
development at different phases. - the average weight of the fruit:
It is proposed to define phytometric
parameters of plant development in a non-contact К3(Θ, L)=1,79762-0,08929·Θ-1,1082·L-
manner. In the recognition system, the image is -0,0012·L·Θ2+0,084598·L·Θ+0,102193·L2-
processed and entered into the data bank, where it -0,00625· L2·Θ+0,0000658·L2·Θ2; (5)
is stored in the control unit, subjected to wavelet
analysis, determination and comparison of the - the weight gain of the fruit:
coefficients of mathematical decomposition with
the database for determination of plant К4(Θ, L)=0,211504+0,01404·Θ-0,39973·L-
phytometric parameters [3, 20]. 0,00051·L·Θ2+0,023981·L·Θ+ +0,027996·L2-
Phytometry criterion Fk is characterised by a -0,00039· L2·Θ+0,0000093·L2·Θ2 (6)
large number of indicators of plant development
in different plant phases, which have different Assessment of the quality of plant
measurement scales. We use the following development by the integral dependence of
correspondence to bring them to one scale of indicators with the same weighting factor of 0.25
quality assessment of plant development: made it possible to obtain the dependence of the
phytometry criterion of plant development quality
Fk =f(К1,К2,…Кn), (1) on the influence of average daily atmospheric
temperature and light intensity (Fig. 1):
where К1, К2,…Кn – individual indicators of plant
development quality at different phases. Fk (Θ, L)=0,517645 - 0,01491·Θ - 0,49627·L
In general, the definition of quality indicators -0,00099·L·Θ2 + 0,045348·L·Θ + 0,063845·L 2-
of plant development will be presented as [2, 4]: 0,00488· L2·Θ + 0,000103·L2·Θ2 (7)
T T
K = A j (ai ki ) = (A j G jg )
Hj
j =1 i =1 j =1 , (2)
where Т – number of groups of tomato quality
indicators; Н – the number of quality indicators in
the j group; аі – weighting factor of the i property;
ki – relative i quality indicator; Gjg – the level of
quality of the j group of indicators (0≤Gjg≤1); Aj
– the weight parameter of the j group of tomato
quality indicators.
Based on the use of the principles of
qualimetry [5] we obtained complex indicators for
assessing the quality of plant development (К1-Кn)
on the atmospheric temperature Θ and solar
To ensure the technological requirements for
growing quality plant products in the greenhouse,
it is proposed to assess the temperature of plants
(Θр) and the atmosphere of the greenhouse (Θ)
based on the use of phytotemperature criteria for
assessing plant development (Fig. 2).
According to the analysis of research
materials, it is established that the use of
phytotemperature criterion makes it possible to
obtain the maximum yield from the plant. As a
result, from one bush we get less than 160 grams
of weight gain per day, because at the
temperatures of 17 - 22ºC the plant receives
insufficient energy for better development and the
increase is 5.2 - 6 grams, and at temperatures
above 25ºC the increase in yield will be less than
6 g per hour.
Figure 1: Dependence of phytometric criterion
on average daily atmospheric temperature and
light intensity
Using phytometry criterion, we determine the
level of plant development during its growing
season. Maintaining the maximum level of
development will allow to form the maximum
yield in plants at the initial stage. At the
temperatures of 15 - 24ºC in the greenhouse we
may observe the best formation of the plant yield
(the number of flowers in the inflorescence, the
number of fruits on the branch, the average weight
of the fruit, the weight gain of the fruit).
To improve plant development, production
conditions must be maintained, during which
temperatures measured at different points in the
greenhouse will be evaluated and compared. The Figure 2: Dependence of phytotemperature
control of technological parameters of the
criterion on atmospheric and plant temperatures
microclimate during plant growing is based on the
measured phytometric parameters of the plant,
To determine the indicator of plant life support
which allows to assess the development of plants
(Fk), we use the following algorithm on the entire
by introducing a phytotemperature criterion to
assess the condition of the plant [6, 20]. ̃ ) – the value
area of the greenhouse. Let 𝜈̃𝑖𝑗 (𝑡𝑗𝑘
The phytotemperature criterion Fk for of the indicator of the life support of the plant,
estimating the development of a plant and its determined on the i row of the j place at the
temperature environment evaluates the part of the corresponding total intensity of solar radiation
heat coming from the heat carrier of the ̃ ), where
(𝑡𝑗𝑘 ;𝑗 = 1, 𝑛; n – number of
greenhouse heating system for heating the plant
rows; k – the measurement number in the row
and the environment around it [6]. Description of
experimental data was performed using a standard (𝑘 = 1, 𝐾𝑗 ); 𝐾𝑗 – the number of measured plant
technique based on the least square method. Thus, life support factors in the j place; (𝑗 = 1, 𝑚); m –
the regression equation was obtained explicitly: the number of measurements.
We interpolate discrete dependences by
Fk (Θр, Θ)=-4,96+0,059·Θр- splines:
0,243·Θ+0,027·Θр·Θ+0,0031·Θр-0,0091·Θ-
-0,0175·Θр2-0,0175·Θ2 (8)
, (9)
where are Let us determine the average value in the
respectively the lowest and highest value of the rows:
total intensity of solar radiation, for which the life
support of the plant was determined during the . (13)
measurement period.
We choose on the interval of N Graphs of the average value of the
evenly spaced nodes tk . Let us calculate phytoclimatic indicator of plant life in rows (13)
the values of splines (9) at these points: are shown in (Fig. 4).
The average value of the plant life support over
the entire area of the greenhouse is determined by
(10)
the expression:
These values describe the Fk for all rows and
places with the same total intensity of solar . (14)
radiation. The value of the indicator for the entire
area of the greenhouse (10) is presented in (Fig.
3).
Figure 4: The average value of the phytoclimatic
indicator of plant life support in rows
Figure 3: The value of the phytoclimatic indicator The average value of the plant life support over
of plant life support over the entire area of the the entire area Fk = 1.2 indicates an excessive
greenhouse level of plant life support parameters.
According to the considered algorithm we will
determine the value of phytometric criterion (Fm),
Given that – are coordinates of the i row, phytotemperature criterion (Ft) and their average
we will determine the coordinates of the center of value – phytodevelopment index (Fp) by rows
all rows: (Fig. 5), which will allow to establish the level of
plant development and crop quality [7].
. (11)
Taking into account the zones of similarity in
the distribution of microclimate parameters, we
determine the distances between the rows relative
to their central row, describing the spatial density
of the rows in which the measurements were
made:
. (12)
Figure 5: Dependence of change of average value
Values inverse to distances , make
of an indicator of plant life support, phytometric
sense of weighted averaging coefficients
and phytotemperature criteria on all area in rows
.
It was found that the average value of out using the integrated dependence of indicators.
phytoclimatic index is Fk=1,2, of phytometric The use of phytometry criterion determines the
criterion is Fm=0,82, of phytotemperature level of plant development during its growing
criterion is Ft=0,67 and their average value of season, and its strict observance allows to form
phytodevelopment index is Fp=0,74 on the whole the maximum yield of plants at the initial stage;
area of the greenhouse. - phytotemperature criterion for assessing the
Exceedance in the value of the Fk>1 indicator state of development of the plant, which creates
shows an excessive level of parameters of plant conditions for obtaining the maximum yield of
life support established by agrotechnology, tomatoes; analysis of changes in plant
respectively, and the overuse of energy carriers temperature and atmospheric temperature in a
for their provision. The value of Fp<1 indicates greenhouse equipped with an automatic air
insufficient levels of plant development and temperature control system proves the need to use
quality of plant products in the greenhouse. the proposed criterion.
Obtaining quality products with minimal 2. To assess the conditions of plant
consumption of energy resources is possible development in the greenhouse the authors used
provided that the criterion of efficient use of phytoclimatic indicator of plant life support and
energy resources for the production of plant assessment of the plant itself – the indicator of
products of a specified quality is minimized phyto-development, which allows to determine
(Fig. 6): the level of plant development and crop quality.
R= Fk - Fp →min. (18) Exceedance of phytoclimatic value over 1 has
been found to indicate an excessive level of plant
life support from established agro-technology,
and, respectively, an overexpenditure of energy
resources spent on their provision. The value of
the indicator of phyto-development less than 1
indicates the insufficiently possible level of plant
development and the quality of plant products. It
has been established that obtaining quality
products with a minimum consumption of energy
resources is possible provided that the criterion of
efficient use of energy resources is minimized,
when the average growth of the greenhouse to
Figure 6: Criterion of efficient use of energy 46% indicates inefficient energy consumption of
resources during the production of plant existing control systems.
products of specified quality
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