In the context of the development of the 7-year European Union scientific research initiative the paradigm "intellectualization - information security" is proposed. The multilevel paradigm of safe ecological monitoring “intelligent cyber-physical systems (CPS) - integration of CPS levels information processes of selection, processing, management - threats to information security (IS) - hardware and software security technologies” is a universal in structure and specialized in functionality for the natural environment “water - air - soil - forest”. The universal paradigm is revealed by the improved complex model of research monitoring of ecological parameters of water “program - intelligent technology (IT) and IS - methodology”. The informational security model of the three-layers structure of the Internet of Things based on the concept “object - threat - protection” provides secure interaction between sensors and devices for ecological monitoring of environmental parameters with computer systems. The created paradigm is the basis for the development of approaches to safe intellectualization of ecological monitoring of environmental components using intelligent systems and technologies to ensure basic safety profiles. Intellectualization, information security, ecological monitoring, intelligent cyber-physical system, paradigm, water, complex model of monitoring, Internet of Things, informational III International Scientific And Practical Conference “Information
Problem formulation. In the conditions of technological development of civilization, the complex of global problems of planetary scale is evolving. One of them is the safety of human life under the influence of natural and man-made threats. Public safety, in particular, is determined by the vector of information and technical condition of critical infrastructure, the disruption of which can lead to impacts on natural ecosystems and losses. The quintessence of solving this problem is the structure “intellectualization – information security –
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Concept of information security of Ukraine,
“Horizon Europe” (2021 – 2027) [
Analysis
of
recent
achievements
and
publications. The strategy of the state ecological
policy of Ukraine is aimed at the implementation
of: comprehensive ecological monitoring of the
condition of the environment and improvement of
the system of information support of the
management decision-making process [
In this regard, the relevant segment is the use of intelligent ecological monitoring systems of environmental components and the implementation of information security technologies, which comprehensively form the tools of environmental security, which is a component of national security of Ukraine and the vector of sustainable development of Ukraine.
Intelligent informational measuring systems
are effectively used for ecological monitoring [
The principles of construction of wireless
sensor networks (WSN) for ecological
environmental monitoring are developed. In paper
[
Progressive are the scientific and technical
developments of the National Academy of
Sciences of Ukraine in the field of creating
sensors for ecological research, intelligent
systems for monitoring of environmental
parameters [
The development of tools for intellectual
ecological monitoring at the international level
continues. The paper [
IoT based smart water quality monitoring
system is presented in [
The publication [
Intelligent technologies of ecological monitoring of the environment must be dependable – to meet the requirements of functional and information security by the standard SOU-N NSAU 0060:2010.
The goal of the work. The aim of the work is to create a paradigm of ecological monitoring “intellectualization - information security”, which is the basis of safe research monitoring of water quality “program – IT – IS – assessment methodology” and information model of security of the three-layer architecture of IoT.
The multilevel paradigm of ecological monitoring of the environment “intellectualization – information security” created on the basis of the concept “object – threat – protection” is the development of methodological principles of monitoring components – water, air, soil, forests. (Fig. 1).
The first level – functionality of the structure “component of the environment – operating technologies” / “objects (O1-N(R,S,T)) – cyberphysical systems (CPS1-N(R,S,T))” according to the components – water (W), air (A), soil (S), forests (F). The second level – integration of the levels of the CPS “Internet of Things (IoT1-N(R,S,T)) – wireless technologies (WT1-N(R,S,T)) – computer systems (CS1-N(R,S,T))”. The third level – processes of “information selection (S1-N(R,S,T))/ monitoring – transmission/reception (T1-N(R,S,T)/R1-N(R,S,T)) – information processing (P1-N(R,S,T)) / management (M1-N(R,S,T))”. The fourth level – IS threats at the structural and functional levels of the CPS a1-N – b1-N – c1-N (water monitoring); d1-R – e1-R – f1-R (air monitoring); g1-S – h1-S – i1-S (soil monitoring); k1T – l1-T – m1-T (forest monitoring). Fifth level – hardware and software security technologies in the profiles “confidentiality – integrity – accessibility” A1-N –B1-N – C1-N (W); D1-R – E1-R – F1-R (A); G1-S – H1-S – I1-S (S); K1-T – L1-T – M1-T (F) according to DSTU ISO/IEC 15408.
Secure data collection by intelligent sensors or sensors that interact with objects as components of the environment and the exchange of information in intelligent ecological monitoring technology are carried out by the Internet of Things (CPS physical space) and wireless technologies (CPS communication environment).
The computer system (CPS cyberspace) provides data storage, analysis, processing, identification, forecasting and, on this basis, management of the state of the environment.
The paradigm of safe intellectualization of ecological monitoring of environmental components is the basis for building comprehensive security systems for intelligent systems based on the concept of “object – threat – protection”.
of water: complex model “program – IT – IS – methodology”
According to DSTU 3041-95, water
monitoring is an observation of the state of natural
water and its evaluation. In order to ensure water
quality and apply the model of environmental
management system, Ukraine has implemented
standards DSTU 7525: 2014 and DSTU 14004:
2016, which respectively establish requirements
and methods of drinking water quality control and
a systematic approach to ecological management
in sustainable development and environmental
management. The methodological approach to
assessing the current state of water quality
provides appropriate methods and tools for
ecological monitoring: determination of water
parameters (registration / measurement),
assessment of ecological characteristics of water,
forecasting and management decisions on the
state of the water. Standardized technologies are
used to monitor the set of water parameters, in
particular the standard DSTU ISO 15923-1: 2018
describes the use of discrete analysis systems to
determine individual environmental parameters.
Water quality control with the use of IT ecological
monitoring, secure cyber-physical systems, is
important and relevant. In order to assess the set
of drinking water parameters, research monitoring
has been developed at the level of a
comprehensive model “program – IT – IS –
methodology”. In terms of intelligent
technologies and information security, a
comprehensive model of research monitoring
includes: 1) MEMS sensors
(microelectromechanical systems), integrated into
intelligent informational measuring systems,
which are designed for remote sampling of water
and its environmental parameters and wireless
transmission (DSTU-P CEN/CLC/ETSI/TR
50572:2020) and, on this basis, the creation of
databases, information processing and
decisionmaking; 2) security technologies of intelligent
systems under the influence of threats to
confidentiality, integrity, accessibility, in
particular at the IoT level, which provides
algorithmic and software interaction between
sensors and devices with computer systems (Fig.
2) [
The approach to the assessment of physicochemical and biological properties of drinking water under man-caused influence is determined by the system of regulations:
Standards: DSanPiN 2.2.4-171-10, GOST 27384-2002, DSTU 4808:2007, DSTU 3831-98, DSTU 10260:2007, GOST 8.556-91, GOST R 52180-2003, GOST R 52181-2003, DSTU GOST 18294-2009, DSTU ISO 9377-2:2015.
Experimental conditions: 1. taking into account the system of factors influencing drinking water; 2. water sampling, transportation, canning, storage.
Methodology – method, means, technique: 1. measurement of water parameters, processing, presentation of results; 2. methods and tools for selection of physicochemical and biological parameters of water: • methods – selective, multicomponent (atomic emission, X-ray, spectral analysis, chromatography), etc.; • tools: conductometers, pH-meters, ionometers, ORP-meters, photoelectric colorimeter, gas chromatographs, automated natural water quality control systems (DSTU 3831-98), laser measuring systems, intelligent informational measuring systems, intelligent geoinformational systems. 3. the result of measuring N-standard: • maximum allowable concentration of harmful substances in water (MACH); • maximum allowable concentration (MAC); • maximum allowable emissions (MAE); • maximum allowable discharges (MAD); • measurement error , range U, L; P; • for physicochemical: Р = 0,95; for biological: Р = 0,9; • accuracy: SL + U < MAC, SL – device sensitivity threshold. 4. technologies for restoring the properties of water: filters, activators, magnetohydrodynamic systems, biotechnology, etc.
of three-layer architecture of the
The Internet of Things is one of the intelligent
technologies for ecological monitoring of the
natural environment. The Internet of Things
consists of a large number of different devices,
networks and technologies that are sometimes
difficult to combine. Accordingly, today there is
no single common IoT architecture. However, of
all the proposed IoT architectures, the most
widely recognized and widespread is the
threelayer structure [
The perception layer is the physical level of the IoT architecture. In the context of intelligent CPSbased ecological monitoring, the perception layer consists of sensors and external devices that collect information about the state of environmental components for further transmission. This level is the most vulnerable to attacks due to the possibility of gaining direct physical access to devices operating outside the controlled area. The main threats are node capture and fake node injection. To protect against those attacks security measures, such as asymmetric cryptography (does not allow to obtain a key from the captured node), physical protection and authentication of devices, are provided.
The network layer is responsible for transmitting and processing environmental information collected by sensors at the perception layer. The main threats at this level are DDoS attacks and eavesdropping, including man-in-themiddle. Security measures include multi-factor authentication, wireless encryption, traffic analysis using an intrusion detection system and the organization of a separate network.
The application layer is responsible for processing information received from the network layer, controlling devices and interacting with users. The key issue of information security at this layer is the vulnerability of the software and the implementation of malicious code. Countermeasures include the use of trusted software components, an application-level firewall, and an access control list (ACL).
The paper presents a single methodology for safe ecological monitoring of environmental components: 1) universal paradigm “intellectualization – information security”; 2) a comprehensive model of research monitoring of drinking water quality; 3) informational model of Internet of Things security, which allows the development of approaches and models for monitoring air, soil, forest on the basis of intelligent systems and the construction of integrated security systems by profiles – confidentiality, integrity, accessibility.