=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=Vol-3353/paper13
|storemode=property
|title=Cyberbullying in College Adolescents a Systematic Review
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3353/paper13.pdf
|volume=Vol-3353
|authors=Amely Palza-Monroy,José Enrique García-Tejada,Jorge Mamani-Calcina,Cesar Gonzalo Vera-Vasquez,Christian Erik Condori-Mamani,Humberto Muñoz Bautista
|dblpUrl=https://dblp.org/rec/conf/citie/Palza-MonroyGMV22
}}
==Cyberbullying in College Adolescents a Systematic Review==
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3353/paper13.pdf
Cyberbullying in College Adolescents a Systematic Review
Amely Palza-Monroy1, José Enrique García-Tejada2, Jorge Mamani-Calcina3, Cesar Gonzalo
Vera-Vasquez 4, Christian Erik Condori-Mamani1 and Humberto Muñoz Bautista 5, *
1 Universidad Católica de Santa María, Perú
2 Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Perú
3 Universidad Tecnológica del Perú
4 Universidad Continental, Arequipa, Perú
5 Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Ags. México
Abstract
Our search used systematic review priority reporting and meta-analysis techniques to review
articles published in four online databases. A total of 2300 articles were retrieved and we
ultimately analyzed 19 articles that reported that victims of cyberbullying and/or stalking
experienced a range of negative and harmful mental health outcomes, including depression,
anxiety, suicidal thoughts, and panic attacks. Victims spoke of the lack of support from the
criminal justice system and their distrust of technology following their abuse of power. It also
highlights the need to educate teens about safer use of technology.
Keywords 1
Cyberbullying, cyberbullying, adolescents, victimization, mental health, Internet, social
networks.
1. Introduction
Cyberbullying is repeated and targeted harassment that has occurred over a long period of time since
the introduction of new technologies. The method used means that the victim cannot easily defend
himself or herself. In cyberbullying, victim and bully are children or adolescents, who are usually
schoolmates and have a physical relationship. On the other hand, the manifestations of cyberbullying
can be very diverse and its only limit is the imagination of the participants and access to these
technologies.
Doreen Bogdan-Martin, director of the International Telecommunications Union, said many
teenagers came into this world without the skills to protect themselves from cyberbullying. A study by
the NGO Bullying Without Borders published in May found that cyberbullying in Latin America and
Spain increased by 33% after the quarantine.
2. State of the art
Regarding the victims of cyberbullying, risk factors were found such as having had experiences of
traditional bullying, truancy, technical supervision in the use of digital technologies by their parents,
low social support and feeling of loneliness, being part of a racial or ethnic minority, having
communication problems with parents, added to parental authoritarianism, having a history of sexual
abuse in childhood and having few social resources. In order to develop their psychosocial intervention
CITIE 2022: International Congress on Trends in Educational Innovation, November 8-10, 2022, Arequipa, Perú
*Corresponding author.
EMAIL: pmezag@ucsm.edu.pe (P. Meza-Gómez); jgarciate@unsa.edu.pe (J. García-Tejada); e16187@utp.edu.pe (J. Mamani-Calcina);
cverav@continental.edu.pe (C. Vera-Vasquez); nmamanib@unsa.edu.pe (N. Mamani-Berrios); hmuntista@gmail.com (H. Muñoz-Bautista)
ORCID: 0000-0001-6317-0910 (P. Meza-Gómez); 0000-0001-5990-4897 (J. García-Tejada); 0000-0001-6633-2102 (J. Mamani-Calcina);
0000-0003-4168-5117 (C. Vera-Vasquez); 0000-0003-0571-8321 (N. Mamani-Berrios); 0000-0003-1720-0554 (H. Muñoz-Bautista)
©️ 2022 Copyright for this paper by its authors.
Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
CEUR Workshop Proceedings (CEUR-WS.org)
methodologies and techniques based on the findings of current and rigorous studies on cyberbullying,
in which as many social actors as possible are involved. Due to the design of the studies reviewed, it
has not been possible to obtain consistent conclusions regarding the role of SA as a predictor variable
or as a psychological consequence of CA. The cross-sectional studies found that there is mostly a
positive relationship between SA and AC. Two studies concluded that social anxiety predicts an
increase in cyber victimization experiences; on the other hand, school violence and peer cyberbullying
were found to be social issues of growing concern and with far-reaching psychosocial consequences for
all those involved and for the educational community in general. Parental supervision is necessary to
prevent cyberbullying, but it must also be accompanied by changes in the online practices of minors.
3. Methodology
Figure 1: Prism Graph Methodology
3.1. Data Collection Strategy
We use the following databases: Web of Science, Scopus, Scielo and ScienceDirect.
3.2. Inclusion Criteria
They included primary studies that will: (a) analyze the phenomenon of the cyberbullying in
conjunction with family variables; (b) provide results of the relationship between any family variable
and being a victim o aggressor of bullying/ciberbullying; (c) used samples composed of school-
aged adolescents or universities; (d) were published in peer- reviewed journals, in Spanish or English;
and (e) the publication date was between 2018 and 2022.
3.3. Exclusion Criteria
Eliminating repetitions between databases and searches. exclusion of those that did not relate to the
subject matter of the review or did not meet the search year range. Eliminating repetitions between
databases and searches. exclusion of those that did not relate to the subject matter of the review or did
not meet the search year range.
3.4. Screening Question
By reading the summary, and those that were not bullying or cyberbullying programs were discarded
3.5. Search String
(Cyberbullying or "CYBER BULLYNG" OR Ciberprotest OR Ciberetiquette or cyber* or ciber*)
And ("univesity student" or "college student" or collegian or gradua* or scholar OR "graduate
students") or undergradua OR undergraduate) 2300.
3.6. Question Results
-Population What is the incentive for cyberbullying among young university students? What are the
means of communication used by young university students to engage in cyberbullying? What are the
risk factors and protective factors in cyberbullying situations among young university students?
-Results: What kind of supervision and quality is there in the families of adolescents who suffer
from bullying and who carry out the bullying? Is there any communication link between the bully and
the bullied? Intervention: How have the various social networks been implemented for cyberbullying
in adolescents?
Cyberbullying in adolescents is perceived in the vast majority the severity of the incident and how
they react as bystanders depending on several factors related to cyberbullying, showing that bystander
responses to cyberbullying vary depending on the degree of publicity, anonymity, type of cyberbullying
and victim response. Youth bullying can lead to physical harm, social and emotional problems, and
school problems. Adolescence is a period of regeneration and reconstruction, oscillations are observed
between the extremes of love-hate, activity-passivity, etc. Cyberbullying affects the mental health of
college students It causes emotional problems, including anger, social problems, mental health,
symptoms, etc.
Moderate to severe depressive disorders, substance use, suicidal thoughts and thoughts of suicide.
However, these studies emphasize the importance of further research to understand this type of victim
experience and how it contributes to the development of mental health problems in adolescents, but the
available data indicate that it is a serious problem with far- reaching consequences. Cyberbullying has
a negative impact on adolescents' self-esteem because they are in transition. As a result, being a victim
of cyberbullying, teasing and humiliation kills your self-esteem, especially when you feel exposed in
front of other young people. In the face of sudden and dramatic changes during COVID-19 isolation,
adolescents have been more prone than adults to psychological problems, such as depression and
anxiety. Meanwhile, due to the need for online education, rates of Internet use among youth have
increased significantly. During the COVID-19 pandemic, adolescents have been at high risk of
developing PIU. It was found that COVID-19 has had a significant impact on the mental health of
schoolchildren and has affected the relationship between PIU and psychological distress. However, the
results of the study provide empirical evidence regarding some differences found between what was
reported by men and women in the studies, such as the following: women who reported ever being
bullied via cell phone did so about once a week, while men reported that it only happened once or twice.
Likewise, women indicated that the person who harasses them through the cell phone is usually a boy
from their class as well as the men consulted; however, the results differ with respect to these in terms
of duration and medium through which the harassment occurs; since in the case of men the duration of
the harassment suffered is more than a year occurring mainly in social networks such as Instagram and
Twitter, and in the case of women the duration is two or three weeks, being the medium through which
they suffer harassment the SMS messaging. On the other hand, a high percentage of boys indicated that,
when they are harassed through their cell phones, they worry about what others might think about what
is happening to them, while girls said that when they are harassed they feel angry, feel bad and, to a
lesser extent, worry about what others might think about what is happening to them.
4. Discussion
According to the state of the art it could be inferred that in the victims of cyberbullying risk factors
were found such as having had experiences of traditional or virtual bullying, thus generating social
anxiety, increasing even more in young university students. And this could be verified with the results,
since it was found that in the university context young people show a high level of stress that is often
related to cyberbullying.
In the state of the art we could infer that it is pertinent to do more studies on cyberbullying since the
arrival of the pandemic our lives have changed and the whole society had to adapt to lead a more virtual
life, demonstrating it in the results, because according to surveys conducted, the pandemic caused an
increase in the use of social networks in young people who took refuge in violent games or toxic social
groups, which caused violent attitudes in young people and consequently an increase in cases of
cyberbullying in social networks such as Instagram, Facebook and Tik Tok. Typical background of
school violence
When we talk about context we refer to all those. Aggression is categorized as school violence. The
concept has changed significantly since then. A few years ago, only educational centers and the
activities that depended on it, such as extracurricular activities or restaurants, were considered the scene
of school violence. Violence committed between school members not specifically located within the
school boundaries is now considered school violence because tools such as the Internet and cell phones,
this phenomenon clearly increases its limitations. Acting beyond the school is purely a matter of course.
As we established them earlier, victims, college students fail school, we have two types of victims
according to their characteristics: The typical victim, or passive victim, which is characterized by a
social situation of isolation, in relation to which it is worth considering its low assertiveness and
difficulty communicating, a very passive behavior, fear of violence and manifestation of vulnerability
to their peers. This victim facilitates the role of the aggressor, since his silence allows the situation to
be prolonged in time more than if he were an active victim and the active victim, who is characterized
by a social situation of isolation and strong unpopularity, being among the most rejected students by
their peers, a situation that could be at the origin of his selection as a victim, although, as in the case of
the previous ones, it could also be aggravated by the victimization: an excessive and impulsive tendency
to act, to intervene without choosing the most appropriate behavior for each situation, with
concentration problems and a certain willingness to react with aggressive and irritating behavior.
Social networks may seem to have appeared only a few years ago, but their seed for such an
explosive success was already a few years ago. In 1971 the first email was sent; the two computers
involved were side by side. In 1994 GeoCities was founded, one of the first social networks on the
Internet as we know it today; the idea was for users to create their own web pages and host them in
specific neighborhoods based on their content on TheGlobe.com gives users the ability to customize
their own online experiences by publishing their own content and interacting with others with similar
interests.
Years later, in 1997, AOL Instant Messenger was launched. In 2000, the "Internet bubble" burst and
caused this resource to become generalized and with it the social networks. In 2002 the Friendster portal
was launched, a pioneer in the online connection of "real friends", reaching 3 million users in just three
months. In 2003 the MySpace website was launched, initially conceived as a "clone" of Friendster,
created by an online marketing company, its first version was coded in just 10 days. In 2004, Facebook
was launched, originally conceived as a platform to connect university students; it was launched at
Harvard University and more than half of its 19,500 students subscribed to it during its first month of
operation. In 2006, the Twitter network was launched. In 2008 Facebook overtakes MySpace as the
leading social network in terms of monthly unique visitors. And in 2011 Facebook has 600 million users
worldwide, MySpace 260 million and Twitter 190 million, thus successfully comparing our state of the
art with the results.
5. Conclusions
This systematic review has responded to our RQ:
How does stalking and cyberbullying impact the mental health of adult victims? Which research
illustrated the negative impact such victimization has had on mental health, as well as the case of recent
adolescents. We have identified and analyzed the wide range of psychological harms caused by this
cyber abuse, while reviewing and critiquing existing research that has been conducted in this field. See
widely understood that offline harassment is a major public health problem,51 and online stalking and
harassment should also be treated as such because of the harmful consequences of cyber abuse being
similar to offline abuse
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