=Paper= {{Paper |id=Vol-3373/paper34 |storemode=property |title=Informational and procedural description of an energy-active control object behavior under active threats conditions |pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3373/paper34.pdf |volume=Vol-3373 |authors=Liubomyr Sikora,Nataliia Lysa,Rostyslav Tkachuk,Olga Fedevych |dblpUrl=https://dblp.org/rec/conf/intelitsis/SikoraLTF23 }} ==Informational and procedural description of an energy-active control object behavior under active threats conditions== https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3373/paper34.pdf

Informational and Procedural Description of an Energy-active
Control Object Behavior Under Active Threats Conditions
Liubomyr Sikoraa, Nataliia Lysaa, Rostyslav Tkachukb , Olga Fedevycha
a
Lviv Polytechnic National University, 28a Bandery Str., Lviv, 79000, Ukraine
b
Lviv State University of Life Safety, 35 Kleparivska Str., Lviv, 79000, Ukraine

Abstract
Infrastructure activities and energy-active objects management involves formation and
processing of multifaceted information on production and sale of energy resources by its
operative personnel system. The synergistic management effect will be achieved thanks to
system’s emergent property, with formation of an integrated information environment in
spatio-temporal dimension, which will reflect "life's multifacetedness" in the context of
combining main activity with society’s value demands. Activity and decision-making of
operational personnel creates characteristics of energy-active object and becomes a reflection
of strategically verified cost-value content of its development in general.
Such a motivational reference point manifests itself as acquisition of its information-
procedural image (characteristic "portrait") of integrative quality. The activity effect will be
reflected in result and state of energy-active object, which are evaluated based on image’s
parametric information in space-time dimension. Integrative property of management system
will be presented as an integration process that will continuously dynamically accompany
executive processes that are activated by management influences and become integrated, just
like management process. Integrative informational relevance of tactical and strategic
assessments of energy-active facility activity and integrated decisions adoption that
purposefully affect state and result of activity will be supported.

Keywords 1
Integration, system, process, risks, decision-making, information technology, energy-active
object

1. Introduction
Problem of comprehensive improvement of infrastructure and energy-active object management is
defined as need to achieve systematic optimization of problem solving under condition of ensuring
sustainable activity and interconnected management of technological and organizational processes,
design and research.
This problem is solved during development of management system and with involvement of
operative personnel with their practical experience. It is related to the problems of increasing
efficiency of infrastructure and energy-active object, scientific and technical levels and quality of
management system, which is developing as integrated system. Introduction of new tasks should
increase integration synergistic effect.
That is, management system must achieve a higher integration degree at all phases of its life cycle,
starting with study of development problems, designing their automated solution as tasks, ending with

IntelITSIS’2023: 4th International Workshop on Intelligent Information Technologies and Systems of Information Security, March 22–24,
2023, Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine
EMAIL: lssikora@gmail.com (L. Sikora); lysa.nataly@gmail.com (N. Lysa); lvtk@ukr.net (R. Tkachuk); olha.y.fedevych@lpnu.ua (O.
Fedevych)
ORCID: 0000-0002-7446-1980 (L. Sikora); 0000-0001-5513-9614 (N. Lysa); 0000-0001-9137-1891 (R. Tkachuk); 0000-0002-8170-3001
(O. Fedevych)

© 2023 Copyright for this paper by its authors.
Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
CEUR Workshop Proceedings (CEUR-WS.org)
practical implementation as coordinated work of all compatible components (subsystems, sets of
tasks) of system.
Therefore, it is necessary to manage the operation of system itself, with an assessment of
integration degree by management phases.

2. References analysis
In [1], basics of hierarchical systems intellectual management by operative personnel are
substantiated.
Basic principles of systemology and complex systems management are outlined in the works [2-
3].
In monographs [4,5,6,7], basics of management theory and decision-making by operational
personnel in complex systems under risk conditions and active factors effect on management systems
are substantiated.
Work [8] provides an analysis of risks types that may arise during management in hierarchical
man-made systems.
Work [9] substantiates systemic and logical-cognitive aspects of managing complex systems in
emergency situations. Procedures for decision-making by operational personnel and their problems in
making management decisions are considered in [10].
The justification of methods and project control means, which require an integrated approach
using data protection and processing theory, interpretation of new data and situations, and
management decision- making are considered in [11,12].
Works [14-16] consider management decisions problems in risk conditions and changes in
situation under active factors influence directly on management process.
Work [13] provides basics of managing an energy-active facility under risk conditions.
In [17-20], main methods of protecting hierarchical systems from external and internal attacks are
revealed.

3. Main research results
In technological structures, it is impossible to manage processes without data selection, their
processing, and in case of incompleteness - replenishment due to scientific, engineering, professional
knowledge and experience of an expert in structure of decision support system (DSS).
In fact, expert system in decision support system structure has two intellectual components to be
applied:
1. Formalized knowledge acquired while processing situations, data, scientific and technical
theories and technologies, abstracting cognitive knowledge, logically ordered and recorded in
engineering-normative knowledge base, as a basis for supporting and correcting management
decisions in the structure of ACS-TP (technological process of automated control system) at the
operational level;
2. Scientific-engineering knowledge and personal professional experience of a high-level expert,
whose cognitive system, based on creative logical-analytical system thinking, forms abstract
structures, which are basis of categorical models of strategic coordination goal-oriented management
for the upper level of man-made system infrastructure hierarchy that is affected by active threat
factors and targeted information attacks.

3.1. Methodology for object management determination, taking into
account operator’s nervous system
Subject-oriented information-procedural description of an energy- active facility behavior of
infrastructure management under active threats conditions will be described below.
Structural diagram of formation of management object subject-oriented description based on
production hierarchical structure and activity cognitive structure and operator's nervous system way of
thinking has the form (Fig. 1) and includes following components of information and intellectual
technology.
According to the hierarchical system structure, a data exchange interface is built between
technological, operational and strategic management layers, which is necessary for intelligent data
processing formation and management operations.
The acquisition of expert knowledge by operational personnel in process of working in energy-
active units’ limit modes is characterized by the fact that expert system performs cognitive intellectual
functions, which consist in assessing image of situation and making decisions based on the processed
data (CIA →ACS) (Fig. 1) obtained during process of professional activity at all infrastructure
hierarchy levels.
Designation in Fig. 1. ITS – information-technological system, IMS – information-measuring
system, ACS – automated control system, MO – management object, CIA – cognitive intelligent
agent, {Fn } – factors of active actions on system,αrisk
– risks.Therefore, role of a cognitive intellectual agent person is reduced to the fact that an
expert- consultant performs in an active cognitive mode an intellectual operation (IA) of the type:
IA1 – processes data and knowledge of subject area;
IA2 – in accordance with target task chooses a scheme, procedure, algorithm and strategy for its
solution based on risk factors identification due to action of threats and attacks;
IA3 – in case of insufficient data and incomplete knowledge, searches for methods of
supplementing their knowledge within basic theory management framework, system analysis, logic-
cognitive methods of generating ideas and creative solutions;
IA4 – based on heuristics, generates hypotheses about problem solving schemes;
IA5 – chooses procedures or algorithms, according to reference models of production system
functioning and goal-oriented strategies;
IA6 – finding the appropriate scheme for problem solving, expert describes problem area in the
form of a set of facts and rules (proof, solution) and ties them to target tasks;
IA7 – fills ES with new knowledge (as basis of ES self-learning process), organizes and formalizes
on basis of logical rules and system analysis;
IA8 – transmits data to operational personnel for decisions formation. On the basis of system
approach and cognitive diagrams, appropriate stages of searching for a method of solving
management problems in dialog mode are developed with appropriate sequence, for target task and
problem situation;
IA9 – generation of infrastructure functioning strategic and local goals.
In accordance with the target expert tasks, lets highlight management consulting modes (Fig. 2)
R1 – ES mode of client-IA consultation: during operator-intelligent agent (IA) with ES dialogue,
problem solution is ensured from subject-oriented area, using formed knowledge base and DB, ES,
and situational data of certain reliability level;
R2 – ES awareness mode of one's own essence of cognitive component through self-testing
includes decision-making procedures based on logical explanation schemes, scheme mechanisms,
proof procedures when solving test problems (self-diagnosis) in production system structure – a
system involved in strategic management.
R3 – Filling database and knowledge by expert mode, formation of interface, strategies and
dialogue modes (operator – ES – DSS) in the initial and current operation mode.
R4 – Testing mode, when an expert and a knowledge engineer (ІАе, ІАd) using dialogue and
explanatory tools check ES competence to a given level of plausibility and correctness according to
the model and a specific interpretation of production situation;
R5 – Working mode with clients at all levels of operational and strategic management hierarchy.
To increase cyber security level, following data processing and selection procedures are used on
the basis of intelligent operations using information technology methods (Fig. 2), which, accordingly,
is the reason for minimizing risk level in the event of threats complex to infrastructure.
ІTS Situation
{ Fi} CІА1
IMS

{Fn} Х CІА2
Operations
type selection
ACS MO
{FR} CІАn

Strategic infrastructure management level Σαrisk

Expert system {KTAi} - experts

R1 IA1 α1 risk

Consultation
IA2 α2 risk

IA3 α3 risk

R2
IA4 α4 risk
Cognitive crisis situation
essence
IA5 α5 risk

IA6 α6 risk
R3
Situations intelligent
assessment and scheme IA7 α7 risk
selection for problem
solving
IA8 α8 risk

R4
IA9 α9 risk
Management strategies choice

Figure 1: Structural-functional scheme of a set of informational and intellectual operations for
management process implementation in countering threats, attacks, and risk conditions

Intelligent procedures of system structuring:
PR1 – extracting knowledge from the expert and operational staff to fill procedural knowledge
base;
PR2 – management hierarchy organization for effective operation of production structure based on
corporate agreement strategy;
PR3 – submission of requests and knowledge in a form understandable by ES in dialogue mode in
access mode according to access level;
The essence of knowledge discovery process by experts consists in procedures for conducting
heuristic and logical analyzes of problem area in accordance with target tasks, taking into account the
cognitive characteristics of each agent, and formation of system knowledge models that provide
situations awareness of their information structure, which is basic for problem solving.
Informational and intellectual knowledge assessment about CIA operation, about effective
management processes includes:
PI1 – objects and concepts of subject area for identifying goals, assessing situations, building
procedures, decision-making schemes;
PI2 – characteristics of object and situations state (probability of events occurrence, goals
significance coefficients, alternatives ranking, identification of advantages signs);
PI3 – comparison indicators of situations in (threat management) mode to establish cause-and-
effect relationships between objects and influence degree in objects hierarchy and management
structures.

Infrastructure problematic situation

KFi M (sit ПCi (t))
Expert consultation _(КІАЕ) Еі
Team of
R1 – consultations Е1 experts
X
R2 – cognitive operations Е2
R3,4 – testing knowledge DSS
Е3
replenishment
R5 – teamwork Е4
Dialogue

Intelligent procedures PRK Si

ПR1 – knowledge formation Z1 IACS management
system infrastructure
X
ПR2 - structuring Gi

ПR3 – consultations Di

SIi
Assessing situation procedures in IASU Pri

РІ1 – DSS mode Rj Technology
X
production
РІ2 – situation assessment in ACS
Is infrastructure
object
РІ3 – threats signs detection Iz

FR FE Fn

Figure 2: Structural-functional scheme:
a set of informational and intellectual operations for management process implementation in
countering threats, attacks, and risk conditions
Accordingly, information ensures preparation of scheme and management process procedure.
VSS1 – hierarchical management structure, which includes strategic, administrative, operational
management and ACS-TP;
VSS 2 – information module that includes strategy synthesis, problem generators, situations
identification, data processing unit, logic-mathematical processor, knowledge jams structures,
diagnostic system and test generators;
VSS3 – management object model with aggregated series-parallel connected, active blocks of
processing of material and energy resources.
VSS4 – logical-cognitive model of knowledge organization structure of operator (CIAi) - agent,
which ensures decision-making process in hierarchical management system.

3.2. Information and management interaction in infrastructure
The interrelationship of informational and managerial interaction components, respectively, is
based on informational-systemic and logical-cognitive procedures that reflect the agent's thinking
process in formation and implementation of targeted countermeasures against threats and active
attacks on infrastructure.
Let's define basic components of informational-systemic and logical-cognitive activity:
PR 1LK – generation of target task using operator’s cognitive system based on acquired experience
and knowledge;
PR 1IC – formation of subject knowledge hierarchy for management;
2
PR IC – creation of knowledge terms subject-oriented field dictionary;
PR 2LК – strategies generation and procedures of its solving according to tasks purpose;
PR 3LK – logical-cognitive procedures synthesis for getting out of conflict on the basis of a
conceptual model which is based on existing knowledge structure and intellectual agent experience;
PR 4LК – logical-mathematical procedure development for choosing management strategies, based
on a typical procedure and algorithms for solving object management non-standard problems under
conflict risk conditions;
PR 3IC – building a model of structure and a model of states space as well as taking into account
space of goals, which is parameterized using operator's knowledge organization cognitive structure;
PR 5LК – creation of diagnostic system for choice adequacy of decision-making strategies for target
management task implementation.
In combating attacks and resource threats system, let’s highlight following IACS levels (Fig. 3.):
1. Strategic management level with problem situation assessment and indication system in
(IACS) – an integrated automated control system.
2. Basic components of informational and intellectual activity of management cognitive states
( ) ( 0
)
and CIA4 - CIA4 strategic and operational.
S

3. Cognitive expert's knowledge base (CEKB), which is personally formed by an intellectual
agent with a creative way of thinking and intelligence.
4. Blocks (1,2,3), which characterize methods, processes, procedures necessary for assessing
situations and expert support.
5. Data flows information processing blocks about dynamic situation in IASU and control
object (OC) based on crisis states selection of indicators and limit control modes from mode data.
6. Management risks control block (α risk (C , U )) in case of object mode deviation from target
K

area.
7. Expert active consultations formation block for new strategies (ACE – experts) formation.
8. Risk level classification block (α risk C i ≥ α d ) according to the permissible level.
Accordingly, cognitive and intellectually logical operations are performed by intelligent agents
both inside structure of management team and individually:
•
{CIAEi } – a team of experts;
•
{CIA } – an expert with appropriate level of decision-making authority;
Ep

•
{CIA } – system management experts team;
S
U

•
{CIA } – operational management agents team at IACS;
0
U

• {IAT } – strategic level experts;
E
SR

•
{IF ( A )} – team for forming an active attacks complex on infrastructure.
ij AS

In accordance with target task, let’s consider system, information and intellectual operations and
their integration while formation of management procedures and countering attacks (Fig. 3).
According to the scheme in Fig. 2. of information-cognitive interaction of IACS and (IFij ( A)) -
integrated attack system on management process -, two components of risk integration can be
distinguished, which, if level is exceeded, lead to accidents:
• logical-cognitive errors in decision-making procedures due to incomplete knowledge and
incorrect decisions;
• systemic, logical and cognitive errors in selection of mathematical models of management
objects dynamics and structure as well as procedures and algorithms for processing heterogeneous
data.

4. Results & Discussion
If take into account that management structure includes an automatic system for
implementation of object management process (ACS – TP-ACS) and management operators team
(cognitive agents) than behavior of such structure has a high risk of failure under threats
influence.
Accordingly, lets provide list of active threat attacks on man-made systems, both internal and
external (Table 1).

Table 1
Active threats and attacks on man-made systems
№ Name
1 Threats and information- intelligent attacks on infrastructure destruction
2 Structures of target threat to block technological process
3 Resource attacks to disrupt technological process
4 Information attacks in data transmission network fordistortion
5 Structural attacks on production systemorganization
6 Complex attacks on ACS - TP
7 Attacks on target disorientation
8 Attacks on authority hierarchy
9 Strategic management attacks
10 Attacks on processor systems of ACS control complex
11 Attacks on changing the mode of energy-active objects
12 Information-mental attacks on personnel to change stress resistance and goal
orientation
13 Complex attacks on hierarchical management structure and internal conflicts
14 Attacks on complex destruction of man-madesystem
IFj(Ar) Problematic situation in IACS MO

KSU

ПRЛК + CIAu
Strategic level
Goal generation W1
ZU1

CIAus ПRic 1
Management knowledge
W2
hierarchy
ZU2 Logical - cognitive
procedures

Cognitive
KDB ПRic 2
Subject-oriented
W3
knowledge base
ZU3

α risk (Ci,U)
3
ПRлк
Subject-oriented
W4
knowledge base
K1l

Intellectual operations

ПКлк2
Cognitive procedures for
W5
CІАЕ getting out of conflict
K2l

ІАCЕ - strategies
ПRлк4
Strategy for solving non-
W6
standard problems
K3l

ПRR 3 Cognitive logic -
Cognitive structuring W7 mathematical
K4l operations

ПR1k 5
Adequacy of goals to
W8
strategies
K5l αriskCi>αd

Figure 3: Informational - system structural diagram of combating attacks technology
Strategic management main goal is development of sustainable self-renewing production
process methods based on goal orientation, integration, and coordination strategies under active
goal-oriented threats conditions.
Let's analyze the negative factors that influence on the functioning and management of an
energy active object and infrastructure:
1. Subject-oriented description formation structure of management object based on its
production hierarchical structure;
2. The structure of cognitive way of thinking of operator's neural system;
3. To analyze all components of man-made system functioning;
4. Give a source of risks and its impact on the structure of man-made system;
5. Give a source of active factors for functioning and management of the system;
6. To analyze the sources of possible negative attacks on structure management.
So, after characterizing possible negative factors on the management and functioning of man-
made system, the risks that affect management and functioning of the infrastructure can be
assessed.
Infrastructure integration risk assessment is presented in Table.2.

Table 2
Infrastructure integration risk assessment
№ Component Integration Integration Informational Structural Resource risks
integration requirements signs risks risks
1. Goal <0.55 >0.95 0.8 0.85 >0.85
orientation
2. Structure 0.9 0.95 >0.95 >0.95 >0.95
goals
coordination
3. Functional 0.9 0.8 <0.15 <0.25 0.1
goals
coordination
4. Goal >0.85 >0.75 >0.25 >0.2 >0.25
orientation of
structure
functioning
5. Consistency 0.9 >0.95 <0.15 <0.1 >0.15
of
management
organization
6. Ensuring 0.8 >0.9 <0.1 <0.15 <0.2
management
actions
7. Structure 0.75 0.75 <0.25 0.35 <0.3
management
organization
8. Resistance of 0.85 0.8 <0.25 <0.3 >0.3
structure to
threats
9. Management 0.8 0.75 <0.35 <0.25 <0.45
mode
analysis
10. Integration 0.95 0.9 0.15 0.1 <0.2
project team
cognitive
level analysis
11. n-system µn (CF ) µn (Bd ) Pr ob Pr ob Pr ob
structural (0.7 ÷ 0.9) (0.7 ÷ 0.9) αr1 (0.1 ÷ 0.9) αr2 (0.1 ÷ 0.9) αr3 (0.1 ÷ 0.4)
integration
generalized
risks

5. Conclusion
According to informational and procedural description of target task of infrastructure and
energy- active object management, the following was carried out:
• Analysis of literature sources about intellectual management of man-made systems
and infrastructure problems, and their resistance to external and internal attacks;
• Problem of infrastructure and energy-active object complex management under
complex threats conditions to management is substantiated;
• Role of cognitive intellectual agent on management process in difficult conditions is
substantiated;
• Structural diagram of subject-oriented description formation of management object
based on production hierarchical structure and cognitive activity structure as well as way of
thinking of operator's nervous system is presented;
• Relationship between informational and managerial interaction components, which is
based on informational-systemic and logical-cognitive procedures, is substantiated;
• System, information and intellectual operations and their integration in management
procedures formation and countering attacks were considered;
• A list of active threat attacks on man-made systems, both internal and external, and an
infrastructure integration risk assessment table were given.
Solving the above problems at system, procedural and information levels can help modernize
existing infrastructure management and improve their design and management process.

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