Researchers have long been developing tools to aggregate, synthesise, structure, summarise, and reason about legal norms and arguments in texts. Current dramatic advances in natural language processing, text and argument mining, information extraction, and automated question answering are changing how automatic semantic analysis of legal rules and arguments will be performed in the future. In particular, the recent breakthrough in natural language processing brought about by neural network models, including transfer learning using complex language models, has created immense new potential for leveraging legal text for technology supporting legal practice, research, argumentation, and decision making. At the same time, increasing awareness of the mandate of ethical use of AI is fuelling a debate about the requirements of such systems and motivates important exploratory work on explainable and justifiable AI that is particularly crucial for the legal domain. The ASAIL workshop provides a forum for the proliferation of exciting ideas that advance the field of semantic analysis of legal texts. The Sixth Workshop on Automated Semantic Analysis of Information in Legal Texts (ASAIL 2021) will be held inperson on 23rd June, 2023, in Braga, Portugal. It will be held in conjunction with the 18th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law (ICAIL 2023). The purpose of the workshop is to provide a dedicated venue for legal NLP related work for which there has been an increasing number of AI & Law conference submissions. The workshop received 24 submissions. 17 papers were accepted for publication and presentation, with 12 paper accepted as full papers, and 5 papers accepted as short papers following peer-review. The final workshop programme consists of 4 presentation sessions that correspond to the workshop proceedings' contents sessions, which divide the papers along the following themes: • Session 1: Language Models in the Legal Domain • Session 2: Automatic Legal Knowledge Extraction • Session 3: Applied Legal Case Analysis • Session 4: Structured Reasoning in the Legal Context The papers presented are contained in this volume.
• Panel discussion on key questions and open problems for Language Models in the Legal Domain. 10:35-11:00 – Cofee Break 11:00-13:00 – Session 2: Automatic Legal Knowledge Extraction Chair: Jack Mumford • (Long paper) Bridging the Gap: Mapping Layperson Narratives to Legal Issues with Language Models.
Hannes Westermann, Seb´astien Meue`s, Mia Godet, Aurore Troussel, Jinzhe Tan, Jaromir Savelka and Karim Benyekhlef. • (Long paper) Taking the Law More Seriously by Investigating Design Choices in Machine Learning Prediction
Research. Cor Steging, Silja Renooij and Bart Verheij. • (Long paper) Semantic Extraction of Key Figures and Their Properties from Tax Legal Texts Using Neural
Models. Daniel Steinigen, Marcin Namysl, Markus Hepperle, Jan Krekeler and Susanne Landgraf. • (Long paper) Contrast is All You Need. Burak Kilic, Floris Bex and Albert Gatt. • (Long paper) Organizing the Unorganized: A Novel Approach for Transferring a Taxonomy of Labels into Flat-Labeled Document Collections. Michele Colombino, Laurentiu Jr Marius Zaharia, Giorgia Iacobellis, Rachele Mignone, Ivan Spada, Chiara Bonfanti, Emilio Sulis, Luigi Di Caro and Guido Boella. • Panel discussion on key questions and open problems for Automatic Legal Knowledge Extraction. 13:00-14:00 – Lunch Break 14:00-15:30 – Session 3: Applied Legal Case Analysis Chair: Daphne Odekerken • (Long paper) Chasing the invisible in the grammar of repetitions: a network analysis approach to fiscal State aids. Galileo Sartor, Piera Santin and Luigi Di Caro. • (Short paper) Applying NLP to support legal decision-making in administrative appeal boards in the EU.
Henrik Palmer Olsen, Malte Højmark-Bertelsen and Sebastian Schwemer. • (Long paper) LexKey: A Keyword Generator for Legal Documents. Benjamin Cer´at, Olivier Salau¨n, Noreddine Ben Jillali, Marc-Ander´ Morissette, Isabela Pocovnicu, Emma Elliott and Franc¸ois Harvey. • (Short paper) CaseScope: An enhanced search tool for European Court cases information on submission.
Alexandre Correia, Pedro Evangelista, Na´dia Soares, Euegn´io Rocha and Cal´udio Teixeira.
• Panel discussion on key questions and open problems for Applied Legal Case Analysis. 15:30-16:00 – Cofee Break 16:00-17:35 – Session 4: Structured Reasoning in the Legal Context Chair: Francesca Lagioia • (Long paper) Toward Implementation Science: A Case Study Using LA-MPS to Research Argument Elements at Scale. Vern Walker and Stephen Strong. • (Long paper) Argumentative Segmentation Enhancement for Legal Summarization. Huihui Xu and Kevin
Ashley. • (Short paper) Extracting ODRL Digital Right Representations from License Texts using AMR. Malo Revel,
Auerl´ien Lamercerie, Annie Foret and Zoltan Miklos. • (Long paper) Induction of Narrative Models for Legal Case Elicitation. Karl Branting, Sarah McLeod, Bryant Park, Karine Megerdoomian and Charles Horowitz. • Panel discussion on key questions and open problems for Structured Reasoning in the Legal Context. 17:35 - Workshop Close
The organising committee expresses its sincere gratitude to all authors for their submissions and participation in the workshop, to the advisory board for their sage advice, to the program committee for its diligent reviewing, and to the workshop attendees.
Francesca Lagioia, European University Institute and University of Bologna, Italy Jack Mumford, University of Liverpool, UK (chair) Daphne Odekerken, Utrecht University, Netherlands Hannes Westermann, University of Montreal, Canada
Kevin D. Ashley, University of Pittsburgh, USA Katie Atkinson, University of Liverpool, UK Karl Branting, MITRE Corporation, USA Enrico Francesconi, Italian National Research Council (IGSG-CNR) and European Parliament, Italy Matthias Grabmair, Technical University of Munich, Germany Jaro mır´ Sˇavelka, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Vern R. Walker, Maurice A. Deane School of Law at Hofstra University, USA Bernhard Waltl, BMW Group AG, Germany Adam Wyner, Swansea University, UK These proceedings are published online by the ASAIL organizing committee as CEUR Workshop Proceedings. http://ceur-ws.org Copyright © 2023 for the individual papers by the papers’ authors.
Copyright © 2023 for the volume as a collection by its editors.
This volume and its papers are published under the Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
June 2023 Proceedings volume compiled by: Jack Mumford Department of Computer Science University of Liverpool UK