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        <journal-title>Workshop on Perspectivist Approaches to NLP</journal-title>
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    <article-meta>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Personalized NLP: Context is All you Need</article-title>
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      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Przemysław Kazienko</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff0">
          <label>0</label>
          <institution>Wroclaw University of Science and Technology</institution>
          ,
          <country country="PL">Poland</country>
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      <pub-date>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>000</volume>
      <fpage>0</fpage>
      <lpage>0001</lpage>
      <abstract>
        <p>Some tasks in Natural Language Processing (NLP), like hate or ofensive speech and emotional or funny text detection, are subjective by nature. Each human may perceive some content individually. The existing reasoning methods commonly rely on agreed output values, the same for all recipients. We propose fundamentally diferent - personalized solutions applicable to any subjective NLP task. Our deep learning models take into account not only the textual content but also the opinions and beliefs of a given person. They difer in their approaches to learning Human Bias (HuBi) and fusion with text representation. The experiments were carried out on dozens of tasks related to ofensive, emotional, and humorous texts. The personalized HuBi methods radically outperformed the generalized ones for all NLP problems. Personalization also has a greater impact on reasoning quality than commonly explored pre-trained and finetuned language models. We discovered a high correlation between human bias calculated using our dedicated formula and that learned by the model. Multi-task solutions achieved better outcomes than single-task architectures. Analysis of human and word embeddings also provided additional insights. Further research on personalization of ChatGPT using prompt engineering with various few-shot approaches also proved that personalization appears to be obligatory while solving subjective problems in a human-centred manner. Simultaneously, personalization is only one component of the broader concept of contextual text processing. Przemysław Kazienko, Ph.D. is a full professor and leader of ENGINE - the European Centre for Data Science and two research groups: HumaNLP and Emognition at The Department of Artificial Intelligence, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Poland. He authored over 300 research papers, including over 50 in journals with impact factor related to personalization and subjective tasks in NLP, ChatGPT, afective computing and emotion recognition, social/complex network analysis, spread of influence, collective classification, deep machine learning, sentiment analysis, DSS in medicine, finances and telecommunication, knowledge management, collaborative systems, recommender systems, information retrieval, and data security. He also intialized and led over 50 projects, including large European ones, chiefly in cooperation with companies with total local budget over €10M. He gave 20+ keynote/invited talks for international audience and served as a co-chair of over 20 international scientific conferences and workshops. He is an IEEE Senior Member, on the board of Network Science Society and a member of the Editorial Board of several scientific journals.</p>
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