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      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Applications of Formal Methods and Digital Twins, March</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
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    <article-meta>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Preface: Applications of Formal Methods and Digital Twins</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Stefan Hallerstede</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">10</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">5</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">6</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">7</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">8</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">9</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Eduard Kamburjan</string-name>
          <email>eduard@ifi.uio.no</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">10</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">5</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">6</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">7</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">8</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">9</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Workshop Proceedings</string-name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">10</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">5</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">6</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">7</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">8</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">9</xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff0">
          <label>0</label>
          <institution>Aarhus University</institution>
          ,
          <addr-line>Aarhus</addr-line>
          ,
          <country country="DK">Denmark</country>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution>University of Oslo</institution>
          ,
          <addr-line>Oslo</addr-line>
          ,
          <country country="NO">Norway</country>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution>Danielle Stewart, Galois Inc</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>3</label>
          <institution>Fuyuki Ishikawa</institution>
          ,
          <addr-line>NII</addr-line>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>4</label>
          <institution>Jim Woodcock, University of York</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff5">
          <label>5</label>
          <institution>Loek Cleophas</institution>
          ,
          <addr-line>TU Eindhoven</addr-line>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff6">
          <label>6</label>
          <institution>Mahsa Varshosaz, IT University of Copenhagen</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff7">
          <label>7</label>
          <institution>Manuel Wimmer</institution>
          ,
          <addr-line>JKU Linz</addr-line>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff8">
          <label>8</label>
          <institution>Regine Laleau, Université Paris-Est Créteil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff9">
          <label>9</label>
          <institution>Stylianos Basagiannis</institution>
          ,
          <addr-line>Collins Airspace</addr-line>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff10">
          <label>10</label>
          <institution>Tiziana Margaria, University of Limerick</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>06</volume>
      <issue>2023</issue>
      <abstract>
        <p>The model-based concept of a Digital Twin is a new development paradigm in complex systems engineering at the intersection of Cyber-Physical Systems, Software Engineering, While some connections to model-based techniques from formal methods have been recognized in academic contexts, there is no exploitation of this connection in industrial practice. The Workshop on Applications of Formal Methods and Digital Twins was collocated with the 25th International Symposium on Formal Methods and brought together researchers from Formal Methods and practitioners to explore (1) the current challenges in engineering Digital Twins, and (2) the current challenges in applying formal methods to Digital Twins.</p>
      </abstract>
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