AIGEL Proceedings include a Preface, nine long papers, and six short papers. There were originally 18 long abstracts and papers submitted to AIGEL. Of these, after the discussions that took place at the Seminar sessions and final Workshop, five were revised, seven rewritten, and three updated papers were added and reviewed.
AIGEL is a joint initiative of the UAB Institute of Law and Technology (IDT-UAB) and the Institute for Artificial Intelligence of the Spanish Research Council (IIIA-CSIC) (Barcelona), supported by the Faculty of Law of the Autonomous University of Barcelona, La Trobe Law School LawTech Research Group (Melbourne), and the Thomas More Law School of the Australian Catholic University. It is an open International Series, following the standard publication rules in the ifeld of Artificial Intelligence and Law.
AI Governance, and more specifically, ethical, and legal AI governance is at the core of this endeavour. This is a very dynamic area. The EU, for example, is building a network of regulatory agendas with the purpose of establishing the legal framework (in the broad participatory sense of better regulations) of all applicable tools1 The latest version of the Better Regulations Toolbox was released on 20 July 2023. This version includes some comments and recommendations on Artificial Intelligence and algorithmic governance tools to prevent biases and to foster equality, transparency, and accountability.2
According to the Blue Guide on the implementation of EU product rules, the new regulatory EU approach was called the New Legislative Framework (NLF) in 2008, as opposed to the Old Approach Legislation (OAL) focused on regulation through Directives.3 Very likely, the main shifting instrument for this digital perspective was the GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) which entered into force in May 2018, but had been thoroughly discussed since at least 2012. After its enactment, the latest proposals include the so-called Artificial Intelligence Act, the Digital Services Act, and the Data Governance Act.4
This first AIGEL Seminar series explored these new trends and their relationships with ethical and legal governance approaches in computer science. A wide range of digital and blockchain environments stemming from European and national projects were examined, paying a particular attention to the financial and banking areas.
Lectures and presentations in this series were delivered from November 2nd to December 19th, 2022. All Sessions were held at Saló de Graus of the UAB Faculty of Law, from 2.30 pm to 4pm. Each session (except the first one) lasted 1.30 hours, divided into two diferent times of 45 minutes each. Lectures were followed by questions-answers, conducted by the chair. The Seminar concluded with a day-long Scientific Workshop on December 19th, 2022. The Sessions were also ofered online and recorded. The peer-review process for selecting the papers to be ifnally published was carried out in the next months, from January to July 2023. There were originally 18 long abstracts and papers submitted to AIGEL. Of these, after the discussions that took place at the Seminar sessions and final Workshop, five were revised, seven rewritten; and three updated papers were added and equally reviewed.
We reproduce below the original programme that was announced and commented fortnightly at the IDT website https://webs.uab.cat/idt/. Recordings are available at the following links:
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On June 20th, 2023, the Spanish National Research Council (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , CSIC) oficially approved the Research Associated Unit IDT-UAB, launched and created by the UAB Institute of Law and Technology (IDT) and the Artificial Intelligence Research Institute (IIIA-CSIC) to foster common research and resume this kind of joint publications in the years to come.
Finally, we would like to thank Mario Macías and Wendy R. Simon for their excellent work 3Cf. Commission Notice, The ‘Blue Guide’ on the implementation of EU product rules (2022/C 247/01).https://eur-lex. europa.eu/legal-content 4Among many others, the Digital Decade (Digital Compass), the Data Governance Act (Proposal for a Regulation on European Data Governance COM/2020/767, the Open Data Directive (Directive (EU) 2019/1024 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2019 on Open Data and the Re-use of Public Sector Information, PE/28/2019/REV/1, OJ L 172, 26.6.2019, pp. 56–83. Other initiatives under the EU data strategy establish trusted mechanisms and services for the re-use, exchange and sharing of essential data for the development of high-quality data-based AI models.
in managing and editing the first versions of most of the papers finally published.
Seminar
1. 2 pm - 2.15 pm. Susana Navas (Dean Faculty of Law UAB), Esther Zapater (UAB Secretary and IDT Director), Patrick Keyzer (Dean of the Thomas More Law School), and Carles Sierra (IIIA-CSIC Head): Welcome and Opening Session 2. 2.20 pm - 2.30 pm. Pompeu Casanovas (IIIA-CSIC/IDT-UAB/-LawTech LTU) and Pablo
Noriega (IIIA-CSIC): Present Issues in AI, Ethics and Law. 3. 2.30 pm - 3.15 pm. Louis de Koker (LawTech, La Trobe University): The Application of AI Technologies to Support the Combating of Money Laundering and the Financing of Terrorism and Weapons of Mass Destruction. 4. 3.15 pm – 4.00 pm. Discussion. Chair : Carles Sierra (IIIA-CSIC) 5. 2.30 pm – 3.15 pm. John Zeleznikow (LawTech LTU): Online Dispute Resolution Governance: Ethics and Law. 6. 5 pm – 4.00 pm. Discussion. Chair : Louis de Koker (LawTech LTU) 7. 2.30 pm – 3.15 pm. Pablo Noriega and Enric Plaza (IIIA-CSIC): Policy Simulation as an
Instance of the Value Alignment Problem 8. 3.15 pm – 4.00 pm. Discussion. Chair: Nardine Osman (IIIA-CSIC) 9. 2.30 pm - 3.15 pm. Nadia Pocher (IDT-UAB): Detecting Anomalous Cryptocurrency
Transactions: AML/CFT/CPF applications of Machine Learning-based Forensics. 10. 3.15 pm – 4.00 pm. Discussion. Chair: Carles Górriz (IDT-UAB) 11. 2.30 pm – 4.00 pm. Carles Sierra and Nardine Osman (IIIA-CSIC): Value Engineering in
AI 12. 3.15 pm – 4.00 pm. Discussion. Chair: Enric Plaza (IIIA-CSIC)
Scientific Workshop 19 December
Chair: Nardine Osman (IIIA-CSIC) 14. 9.20 am – 9.50 am. Pablo Noriega (IIIA-CSIC): Online Institutions. 16. 10.20 am – 10.45 am. Open Discussion.
Chair: Pablo Noriega (IIIA-CSIC) 17. 11.15 am – 11.35 am. Pompeu Casanovas (IIIA-CSIC, IDT-UAB-LawTech LTU), Mustafa Hashmi (LawTech-LTU) and Louis de Koker (LawTech-LTU): Legal Governance Systems, Ethics and Law 18. 11.35 am – 12.00. Marta Poblet (Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, RMIT):
Blockchain Governance. 19. 12.00 am – 12.30 pm. José Antonio Fernández-Amor (IDT-UAB): Cryptoactives as
Taxable Wealth.
20. 12.30 pm – 13.00 pm. Open Discussion.
Chair: Pompeu Casanovas (IIIA-CSIC/IDT-UAB/LawTech LTU) 21. 14.00 pm – 14.20 pm. José Ibeas (Nephrology Service of the Parc Taulí University Hospital (Sabadell, Barcelona) and coordinator of the Clinical, Interventional and Computational Nephrology Group (CICN) of the Research and Innovation Institute Parc Taulí): Artificial Intelligence Applied to Kidney Disease or the Challenge of Decision Support in Complex Patients 22. 14.20 am – 14.40 am. Eliseo Sierra (IDT-UAB): Connected and Automated Mobility:
Shaping Europe’s digital future. 23. 14.40 pm – 15.00 pm. Carles Górriz (IDT-UAB): Big Tech and AntiTrust: Lessons from a
Transatlantic Comparison.
24. 15.00 pm – 15.30 pm. Open Discussion 4th Session: Ethics and Law in Online Dispute Resolution, Blockchain and Industry 4.0 Chair: Louis de Koker (LawTech, LaTrobe University, Melbourne) 25. 15.30 pm – 15.50 pm. Mercedes Martínez-González (University of Valladolid, UVA):
Privacy Compliance: The ONTOROPA Project. 26. 15.50 pm – 16.10 pm. Josep Suquet (IDT-UAB): Protecting the consumers of Over-the-Top
Platforms. 27. 16.10 pm – 16. 30 pm. Emma Teodoro and Andrea Guillén (UAB-IDT): Ethical and Legal aspects of Human-centricity in Smart Factories.
28. 16.30 pm – 16.55 pm. Open Discussion 17.00– 17.20 Tea Break
Chair: Esther Zapater 29. 17.20 pm – 17.40 pm. Wendy R. Simon (IDT-International University of Catalonia):
Identity and the Foundations of Liberal Democracy 30. 17.40 pm – 18:00 pm. Mario Macías (IDT-UAB): The Double Efect Principle: From
Thomas Aquinas to its Current Meaning.
31. 18.00 pm – 18.20 pm. Open Discussion
32. 18.20 pm – 18.35 pm. Pompeu Casanovas, Pablo Noriega and Louis de Koker: Summary and Wrapping Up. 33. 18.35 pm – 18.45 pm. Esther Zapater (UAB Secretary and Head of IDT-UAB) and Carles Sierra (Head of IIIA-CSIC): Closing and Final Words 3. AIGEL Proceedings (Table of Contents) 1.
Pompeu Casanovas, Louis de Koker, Mustafa Hashmi, Pablo Noriega, Patrick Keyzer. Preface: Artificial Intelligence Governance, Ethics and Law (AIGEL)
Louis de Koker.“The Application of AI Technologies to Support the Combating of Money Laundering and the Financing of Terrorism and Weapons of Mass Destruction”. Pompeu Casanovas, Mustafa Hashmi, and Marta Poblet. “Generative Artificial Intelligence and the Rule of Law” Carlos Górriz. “Big Tech and AntiTrust: Lessons from a Transatlantic Comparison”. José Antonio Fernández-Amor. “How Does a Data Code Become Taxable? A View from a Spanish Law Perspective”.
Eliseo Sierra-Noguero. “Towards a European Law on Cooperative, Connected and Automated Mobility”.
M. Mercedes Martínez-González, Pompeu Casanovas, M. Luisa Alvite-Díez, Núria Casellas, Amador Aparicio, and David Sanz. “Privacy compliance with ontologies and blockchain: the OntoROPA Project”.
Wendy R. Simon. “Old Ghosts in the Age of AI: the Foundations of Liberal Democracy and its Identity Crisis”.
Mario Macías. “The Double-Efect Principle: from Thomas Aquinas to Moral Pondering”. 119-129 1-8 09-21 022-38 039-59 60-71 72-86 87-103 104-118 130–139 140–149 150–160 182-188 189–198
10. Pablo Noriega and Enric Plaza. “The Use of Agent-based Simulation of Public Policy
Design to Study the Value Alignment Problem”. 11.
Nadia Pocher, Mirko Zichichi, and Stefano Ferretti. “AML/CFT/CPF endeavors in the crypto space: from blockchain analytics to machine learning”. 12. John Zeleznikow. “Online Dispute Resolution: Ethics and Governance”. 13. Patrick Keyzer. “Geo-Tracked Rights Explainers: Combatting Misinfodemics and Ad- 161–170 vancing “Open Rights”. 14. Josep Suquet. “Consumers and audiovisual platforms: an assessment of international 171–181 jurisdiction”. 15. Emma Teodoro and Andrea Guillén. “Ethical and Legal aspects of Human-centricity in Smart Factories”. 16. José Ibeas. “Artificial Intelligence Applied to Kidney Disease or the Challenge of Decision
Support in Complex Patients”.
Pompeu Casanovas (IIIA-CSIC, IDT-UAB, Barcelona, LTU, Melbourne, Australia) Louis de Koker (La Trobe Lawtech, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia) Pablo Noriega (IIIA-CSIC, Barcelona) Patrick Keyzer (Australian Catholic University, Thomas Moore Law School, Australia) Pompeu Casanovas (IIIA-CSIC, IDT-UAB, Barcelona, LTU, Melbourne, Australia) Louis de Koker (La Trobe Lawtech, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia) Mustafa Hashmi (La Trobe Lawtech, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia) Pablo Noriega (IIIA-CSIC, Barcelona) Patrick Keyzer (Australian Catholic University, Thomas Moore Law School, Australia)
Pompeu Casanovas (IIIA-CSIC, IDT-UAB, Barcelona, LTU, Melbourne, Australia) Mark d’Inverno (Goldsmiths, University of London, UK) Andrea Guillén (IDT-UAB, Barcelona) Jorge González-Conejero (IDT-UAB, Barcelona) Carles Górriz (IDT-UAB, Barcelona) Mustafa Hashmi (LawTech LTU, Melbourne, Australia) José Ibeas (Clinical, Interventional and Computational Nephrology Group of the Research and Innovation Institute Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Barcelona) Patrick Keyzer (Australian Catholic University, Thomas Moore Institute, Australia) Louis de Koker (La Trobe LawTech, La Trobe Law School, Melbourne, Australia) Ho-Pun (Brian) Lam (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Sydney, NSW, Australia) Mario Macías (IDT-UAB, Barcelona) Mercedes Martínez-González (University of Valladolid, UVA, Spain) Pablo Noriega (IIIA-CSIC, Barcelona) Nardine Osman (IIIA-CSIC, Barcelona) Julian Padget (University of Bath, UK) Ugo Pagallo (University of Turin, Italy) Enric Plaza (IIIA-CSIC, Barcelona) Nadia Pocher (IDT-UAB, Barcelona; AML Regulation of Digital Asset Ecosystems, Luxembourg) Marta Poblet (Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Australia) Víctor Rodríguez-Doncel (Madrid Polytechnic University, UPM, Madrid, Spain) Giovanni Sartor (University of Bologna, Italy; European University Institute, Florence) Carles Sierra (IIIA-CSIC, Barcelona) Eliseo Sierra (IDT-UAB, Barcelona) Wendy R. Simon (IDT-International University of Catalonia, Barcelona)
Papers submitted and AIGEL Proceedings have been produced within the following research projects:
★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ Copyright © 2022 for the individual papers by the papers’ authors. Copyright © 2022 for the volume as a collection by its editors. This volume and its papers are published under the Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).