=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=Vol-3608/paper14
|storemode=property
|title=Analysis of project activities of libraries of the People’s Republic of China
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3608/paper14.pdf
|volume=Vol-3608
|authors=Xi Xinwen,Іryna Davydova,Olena Marina,Serhii Marin,Zhengbing Hu
|dblpUrl=https://dblp.org/rec/conf/scia2/XinwenDMMH23
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==Analysis of project activities of libraries of the People’s Republic of China==
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3608/paper14.pdf
Analysis of Project Activities of Libraries of the People’s Republic
of China
Xi Xinwen 1, Zhengbing Hu 2, Іryna Davydova 1, Olena Marina1 and Serhii Marin 3
1
Kharkiv State Academy of Culture, Kharkiv, Bursatskyi uzviz, 4, Kharkiv, 61000, Ukraine
2
School of Computer Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
3
Kharkiv National University of Radio Electronics, Nauky Ave. 14,, Kharkiv, 61000, Ukraine
Abstract
The article is devoted to determining the current state of project activities on the creation of
libraries as components of China’s information infrastructure. In this study we have analyzed
the state of project activities in library and information affairs, 15 of the most powerful projects
on creating China’s digital infrastructure. It was determined that the project activities of
document and information institutions of the People’s Republic of China are built on the basis
of NCB (National Competence Baseline) – a national standard that takes into account the
cultural aspects of an individual country. It was established: the strategies for deploying project
activities are aimed at digitization, joint acquisition and use of information resources,
implementation of powerful projects for creating a digital communication environment.
Emphasis is placed on the need to strengthen the cognitive component, the formation of branch
knowledge networks and the system of service access to them.
Keywords 1
Project activities, China’s digital infrastructure, knowledge networks.
1. Introduction
Program and project activity is one of the main conditions for the development of society in general,
and the document and information sphere in particular. The existence of educational, scientific, social,
political, and economic projects indicates the orientation of society (both its economic and socio-
cultural spheres) on the constant search, implementation, and use of new things. Currently, there is an
active process of forming a digital information space, in which document and information institutions
play an important role. The forms and methods of their effective functioning in a hyperdynamic and
unpredictable information environment require additional theoretical understanding. The PRC has
gained some experience in the organization of work on the development and implementation of global
projects, which can be useful for Ukraine. Moreover, their scale, integrity, complexity of content and
implementation conditions have been growing significantly recently and require the use of innovative
management mechanisms for this activity.
Chinese libraries are actively adapting the technologies of project activities to form a digital
information space. Their general characteristic is a rapid change in the environment and the need to
take into account the influence of external factors; the importance of professional mastery of technical
and technological aspects of project management and project portfolios; involvement of highly
qualified specialists – project managers in project management. An important condition for an effective
project is behavioral competence, motivation and leadership, which are a necessary additional
component to the technical knowledge and experience of a project manager.
SCIA-2023: 2nd International Workshop on Social Communication and Information Activity in Digital Humanities, November 9, 2023, Lviv,
Ukraine
EMAIL: 305292596@qq.com (Xi Xinwen), drzbhu@gmail.com (Zhengbing Hu), Davydova1@ukr.net (I. Davydova);
Helenmaryina@gmail.com (O. Marina); Serhiy.maryin@hnure.ua (S. Marin)
ORCID: 0000-0003-1453-9886 (Xi Xinwen), 0000-0002-6140-3351 (Zhengbing Hu), 0000-0001-6015-2477 (I. Davydova); 0000-0002-
7248-2147 (O. Marina); 0000-0002-2012-7477 (S. Marin)
©️ 2023 Copyright for this paper by its authors.
Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
CEUR Workshop Proceedings (CEUR-WS.org)
CEUR
ceur-ws.org
Workshop ISSN 1613-0073
Proceedings
The analysis of the latest research and publications shows that the problems of the project activities
of libraries of the People’s Republic of China are being investigated in different directions. The authors
highlight the issue of classical project management, justify the expediency and methods of project
activity, consider its application in the information and library field mainly from the point of view of
implementation of the social and communicative function by libraries and within the framework of the
social partnership model, which provides for “exchange of information, dialogic communication, taking
into account its effectiveness, the presence of a communication reaction of the recipient, a change in
the roles of the communicator and the recipient, when the initiative in the interaction passes from one
to the other”. The current state and leading directions of project activities of academic libraries in China
are reflected by leading specialists of the Sun Yatsen State Research University Qiong Tang, Yin Xie
and Rina Su [5]. Chinese researchers conducted a series of studies and discussions, which can be divided
into two aspects: the creation and integration of information digital resources, and the evaluation of the
effectiveness of academic library activities in the direction of the deployment of information services,
digital information centers serving information consumers. The experience of implementing projects
for the creation of the Chinese Academic Digital Library (CADL) is provided in the work of Xiangxing
Shen, Zhong Zheng, Shuguang Han, Chong Shen [6]. The authors characterized the projects of creating
the Chinese Academic Library and Information System (CALIS) and the Chinese Academic Digital
Library and Academic System (CADLIS). The work of Ruan L., Zhu Q., Ye Y. [4, 2] is devoted to
digitization projects of unique and rare information resources, creation of special subject databases.
Today, the need to form a culture of project management during the development of the information
space is gaining importance. Its foundation is laid in the scientific research of Heyns E., Huijts S. [1].
The source-scientific analysis of the study of program and project activities of document and
information institutions in China allows us to come to the conclusion that this direction is an important
task for the modern theory and practice of the functioning and development of document and
information institutions of society as components of the social communications system. At that time,
there was no comprehensive idea of the project activities of document and information institutions of
the People's Republic of China. That is why we believe that the study of the state and determination of
the features of the project activities of Chinese libraries at the stage of digital modernization of society
is an important scientific task that needs to be solved.
The article offers a study of the current state of project activities in the library field at the stage of
forming of the extensive information space of the digital society and the knowledge society on the
example of the People’s Republic of China.
The purpose of the article: to investigate the state and determine the features of the project activities
of libraries in China.
This article is aimed at solving a scientific problem associated with a certain contradiction between
the considerable experience gained in the PRC regarding the provision of effective project activities in
the direction of creating a socio-communication information space, a powerful system of document and
information institutions that are at a sufficiently high level of technical and technological, material and
service development and fragmented coverage of their work experience in scientific publications.
2. Theoretical Basis
In libraries, as the world’s leading document and information institutions, interest in program and
project activities began to form in the late 1970s and early 1980s of the XX century. It is the time that
can be defined as the first stage of program and project development of document and information
institutions. At this stage, the world experience of digitizing library collections and the development of
electronic libraries began. A special feature of this stage is the transition from public initiatives for the
digitization, archiving and distribution of cultural works to the initiation of national programs for the
digitization of documents.
The first successful projects that were founded during this period were: the Gutenberg electronic
library, “the American Memory” – electronic archive of the American national documentary memory,
and the National Digital Library Program (USA). Experience in the application of project management
technologies was implemented in such multimedia cultural and educational projects, as “Memory of
Spain”, “Memory of the World”, SCRAN (Scottish Cultural Heritage Resource Network for the
museums, archives and libraries resources support), “German Library” and many others.
The result of the first stage of program and project development of digital libraries is the deployment
and implementation of large-scale national programs: France (Gallica), Great Britain (Elib), Germany
(Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek), Denmark (Denmark’s Electronic Research Library, DEFF), Latvia
(Latvijas Nacionālās digitālās bibliotēkas), Lithuania (E-library.lt), Finland (FinLib), Canada
(Canadiana), Georgia (Digital Library of Georgia), the Philippines (Philippine eLib Project), Japan
(National Diet Library), China (National Library of China), Australia (Digital Collections National
Library of Australia), Russia (Docusfera), Poland (National Digital Library Polona), Argentina
(Trapalanda), Spain (Hispanica), Japan (Kokuritsu Kokkai Toshokan) and other foreign countries [3].
At the second stage (the 90s of the XX century – 2010), global program and project activities
developed within the framework of the introduction of corporate infrastructure and network formats of
library projects. At this stage, the deployment of such powerful international projects for the
preservation and provision of access to national cultural document and information resources as
“Europiana”, “World Digital Library”, “Golden Collection of Eurasia”, “European Electronic Library”,
which initiated “presentation of the entire ethnic and national diversity of world culture on a single
technological basis” [3].
Project activities of libraries are aimed at solving a number of tasks: construction of premises and
structures, creation of information products and services, digital information resources at the
international, national, regional and local levels; formation of digital collections of cultural and
scientific heritage; development of digital and electronic library projects. It can be claimed that
recognition of these areas of activity as projects is possible if they meet certain criteria defined in the
ISO 10006 standards, according to which projects have the following features: they are unique,
unrepeatable stages consisting of processes and actions; have certain degrees of risk and uncertainty;
the cost and required resources are clearly indicated. Personnel for the implementation of the project
may be accepted into the organization for the duration of the project. The development of the project
can be quite long, and the project can be changed over time under the influence of internal and external
factors [5].
The above-mentioned features of the project activity allow us to define it as an effective tool for the
modernization of libraries, which is actively used in the practice of forming an information
environment. These processes are actualized under the influence of increasing the pace of innovative
development of document and information institutions in the electronic communications system, which
is realized in the creation of digital assets, the introduction of virtual forms of information products and
services, and the integration of libraries into the global information space. An important factor in
increasing the significance of project activities is the need to change the traditional organizational forms
of management of information institutions, which justified themselves in a stable environment.
Currently, the activity of libraries, which occupy a clear place in the modern system of document
communications, is characterized by the intensity of changes, which requires an effective response to
the transformation of the needs of the modern digital space.
Important factors contributing to the active application of project activity technologies are the
deployment of the digital space, which is characterized by powerful technical and technological,
economic and social dynamics; transformation of the management sphere in the direction of the
formation of network library systems; world and European integration processes in the field of
document and information activities, globalization and digitalization of society.
An important role in achieving the goal of modernization of library institutions is played by target
complex programs, which reflect the purpose and complex of socioeconomic, cultural tasks and
activities aimed at creating an information and communication environment, a system of digital
resources, and the communication infrastructure of society, agreed on resources, performers and
deadlines. It is appropriate to note that, in general, the program has a limited chronological framework
and consists of target, structural, resource, organizational and result parts. The preparation of these
components requires libraries to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the external and internal
environment; determination of balanced indicators of project effectiveness, application of modern
methods of SWOT analysis, GAP analysis, indicators of resource support, compliance with the
sequence of goal decomposition, clear separation of technical and technological processes of
development of information products and services, improvement of the efficiency of planned
management activities.
3. Methodology
Within the framework of the presented research, the quantitative study of the collected data was
carried out using the descriptive research methodology. During the selection of sources, an analytical
method was applied in combination with the method of monitoring the content of websites. With the
help of this method, the websites of the national and academic libraries of China were processed, a
quantitative and qualitative analysis of the implemented projects was carried out, their purpose and
tasks, and the stages of implementation were described. Among the quantitative indicators, an important
place is occupied by data on the founders and participants of the project, qualitative characteristics are
used to analyze its purpose and main characteristics. The main criterion for selecting projects for
analysis is their scale in accordance with the number of participants and the effectiveness of the result
4. Our approach
In the PRC, design covers all spheres of human life and society. It is the project activity that is an
important element of the cycle of management and development of libraries as leading document and
communication institutions of society. It can be claimed that the beginning of the third millennium is
characterized by a significant number of construction projects for new library buildings in China. The
active development of the higher education system contributed to the development of investments in
the construction of libraries. According to the research conducted [6], for the period from 2001 to 2013,
only in Jiangsu Province, which has 134 colleges and universities, including 51 universities, 83 higher
professional colleges, 61.2% of educational institutions built new library premises. The average area of
newly built libraries is 31800 square meters.
A public library construction project with a unique design has been completed in Tianjin and got the
name “the Eye of Binhai”. The futuristic five-level library was designed by the Dutch company
MVRDV in cooperation with the Tianjin Institute of Urban Planning and Design. The area of the
building is more than 34000 m2, it can keep up to 1.2 million books. The project was started in 2014
and completed in 2017.
The characteristics of China’s most powerful projects for the creation of information infrastructure
are given in the table 1.
Table 1
Project activities of the PRC on the creation of library systems as components of the information
infrastructure
Project name, Project aim Founders and Project
foundation date participants characteristics
China Academic Management of the 1800 registered Consolidation of
Library & Information construction of member libraries from various information
System (CALIS) libraries in the new era 31 provinces, Hong resources, human
1998 and promotion of the Kong and Macao in resources and service
general development China, excluding capabilities of
of university libraries Taiwan Province. mainline libraries to
through the mutual support universities
exchange of across the country
information,
assistance in the
modernization and
optimization of the
management of
information resources;
creation and
improvement of the
system of public
services, supporting
the development of
university libraries;
creating new business
formats and new
methods that support
the creation of
libraries in a new era
and help libraries.
China Education and Support and Funded by the Chinese A key education
Research NETwork promotion of government, managed informatization
(CERNET). informatization of by the Chinese infrastructure in
1994 education. Ministry of Education, China and an
built and operated by incubator of
10 universities, educational Internet
including Tsinghua applications aimed at
University promoting the
modernization of
education
China National A leading national Headed by Tsinghua Consists of more
Knowledge research and University with the than 70 special
Infrastructure (CNKI) information publishing support of the Ministry databases.
2000 institution in China, of Education of the Contains full-text
providing online People’s Republic of articles from more
subscription services China, the Ministry of than 4 000 Chinese
with central website Science of the People’s journals devoted to
and 80 mirror sites Republic of China, the economics and
across the country. Department of management,
Propaganda of the doctoral theses,
Communist Party of candidate theses in
China and the General medicine,
Administration of mathematics,
Press and Publications history, economics,
of the People’s management,
Republic of China. education, sociology,
etc.
National Cultural Collection and Headed by the Has a three-level
Іnformation digitization of various Ministry of Culture of network with a
Resources Sharing objects of cultural China. national-level center,
Project heritage, ensuring more than 30
wide user access to it. provincial
information centers
and more than 5000
information centers
in counties, cities and
communities.
The International To make information The British Library and Contains 536441
Dunhuang Project and images of all 22 participants from images and over
1994 manuscripts, paintings, 12 countries including 135000 catalog
fabrics and artifacts the National Library of entries.
from Dunhuang and China, Dunhuang
Eastern Silk Road Academy, National
archaeological sites Library of France and 5
freely available on the museums.
Internet and
encourage their use
through educational
and research
programs.
Alliance of strategic Promoting tripartite Founder: Areas of activity: 1.
cooperation of cooperation, management center, To create a long-
integration of libraries promoting library and CALIS term effective
and society. comprehensive publishing house. mechanism of
April 3, 2018. development of communication and
libraries and coordinated
publishing houses, development
overcoming between the library
production and the publishing
information barriers, house, entering a
forming a long-term new era.
dialogue and high- 2. To explore
level cooperation innovative B2B
mechanism, as well as business models in
helping libraries and the copyright
publishing houses to publishing industry.
achieve quality, 3. To create a
efficiency and comprehensive
motivation in the information services
development of platform for libraries
resources and and publishers,
products; reforming including an
and creating an integrated platform
ecosystem of for collection and
integrated editing and a
development of the platform for
entire industry chain. publishers that
integrates paper and
digital formats, to
promote the
comprehensive
integration of
upstream and
downstream
business, information
and data in the
industry.
New Generation To create a community CALIS Management Areas of activity: 1.
Library Service that unites resources Center together with To create an open,
Platform Construction and strong points from the Beijing University dynamically
Alliance. various sources, Library, the Shanghai expanding cloud
May 21, 2018 accumulates practical Jiaotong University service platform of
experience of libraries Library, the Renmin the library that
and the information University China supports individual
technology industry, Library and Shenzhen development. 2. To
stimulates University Library form a set of
cooperation, joint mechanisms for the
innovation, improves design and
rules, explores the development of new
mechanism of joint generation library
development of systems. 3. To form a
university libraries, diversified alliance of
and creates developers to create
permanent support for a rich and active
the Open Platform for market of library
innovative applications.
development.
Digital Resource Uniting and Academic libraries of Areas of activity: 1.
Acquisition Alliance of collaborating to China. Evaluation of the
Chinese Academic purchase digital group purchase
Libraries resources, standardize database. 2.
purchase behavior, Coordination of the
and present digital database. 3. Review
academic resources to and release of the
member libraries group purchase plan.
through alliance 4. Organization of
efforts, as well as training. 5. Selection
seeking for better of a group purchase
price and better agent. 6. Supervision
service. of after-sales service.
China's document and information structures are creating digital libraries where thousands of
libraries present their analog collections to reach a new generation of learners and provide free, long-
term, public access to knowledge and cultural heritage. The characteristics of the most powerful
electronic library projects in China are given in Table 2.
Table 2
List of digital library projects in China
Project name, Project aim Founders and Project
foundation date participants characteristics
The China Academic Creating a digital Funded by Carnegie- Includes over 2.5
Digital Associative library; digital Mellon University and million scanned
Library (CADAL) 2000. integration of scientific Zhejiang University books, newspapers,
Since 2002 р. united achievements; with the support of magazines, videos,
with CALIS. creation of a platform the US National audiobooks from all
Since 08.2009 the II designed to study the Science Foundation periods of Chinese
phase of the CADAL use of multimedia and (NSF) and the Ministry history.
project. of Education of China
virtual technologies in
digital libraries.
Chinese National Providing support for Academy of the PRC Purchase of
Science Digital Library scientific research, commercial
(CNSDL) creating “knowledge electronic resources,
2001 services” within the creation of own
digital library; creation databases of Chinese
of information scientific literature
resources and their (over a million
management system; records) in
promotion of rapid chemistry, biology,
exchange of scientific physics, mechanics,
information; optics, mathematics,
strengthening the astronomy,
functions of the digital geography, computer
library as the science.
“desktop” of every
scientist in China.
China Digital Library Creating a digital Founder: National The main area of
Program (CDLP) library of primary Library of China with activity: creation of a
1998 sources to provide a the support of the nationwide platform
better preserving and Ministry of Culture of for expanding access
studying of the China. to digital storage
heritage of Chinese prepared during the
culture. implementation of
this project.
The latest version of
the platform includes
the Founder
Knowledge
Database.
China National Science Strengthening National Scientific Includes Chinese,
and Technology Digital guarantees of access Library of the Chinese Japanese and Russian
Library (NSTL). to national scientific Academy of Sciences, scientific and
June 12, 2000 and technical Institute of STI of technical journals,
resources; China, China Institute conference materials
improvement of of Mechanical in Chinese and
services related to the Engineering English, English
use of scientific and Information, China scientific reports and
technical resources, National Institute of theses in Chinese
integration of Standardization, China and English; patents
resources, Institute of from China,
development of Metallurgical Australia, Germany,
mechanisms for joint Information and France, England,
use of resources with Standardization, China Japan, Russia and
other national National Chemical America, as well as
information services of Information Center, two organizations
scientific and technical Institute of (EPO and WIPO);
information. Agricultural Chinese and foreign
Information, Institute standards. NSTL
of Medical Information actively purchases
of the Chinese online and full-text
Academy of Medical editions of journals
Sciences, Library of for users across the
Standards of the country, pays
Chinese National attention to the
Institute of acquisition of large
Standardization, international
Literary Library of the retrospective
National Institute of literature databases
Metrology. as a key resource for
science researchers
throughout China.
NSTL includes
literature on Chinese
national history.
NSTL embodies a set
of standardized and
scintific workflows
and mechanisms,
from literature
collection to
resource processing,
data storage,
network services,
and scientific
literature data
analysis.
Тhe Chinese Text Creation and Founder: Donald An effective search
Project. development of an Sturgeon. engine “Xue Yuan Ji
2006 online digital library Gu” has been
with open access for developed.
readers and A set of digitization
researchers around standards has been
the world to Chinese developed, including
philosophical texts. metadata,
cataloguing,
processing and
digitization criteria.
The Academic Digital Creation of one of the Founded in the Library Contains over
Library of Chinese largest databases of of Ancient Collections 660,000 metadata
Ancient Collections ancient Chinese of Beijing University records of ancient
(ADLCAC). materials stored in jointly with The library materials, 290,000
2000 Chinese university of Nanjing University, photographs of
libraries. the library of Beijing sample book pages
Pedagogical University, and full-text images,
the library of Sichuan and 83,500 e-book
University. Currently, it volumes. An effective
unites 27 libraries. search engine "Xue
Received support from Yuan Ji Gu" has been
CALIS, became a key developed. A set of
project in the tenth digitization standards
CALIS five-year plan has been developed,
(CALIS Phase II). including metadata,
cataloguing,
processing and
digitization criteria.
Confederation of Facilitating the CALIS and Chinese Areas of activity: 1.
China Academic creation of a national University Libraries Research conduction
Institutional university institutional and policy
Repository (CHAIR) repository, promoting formulation: to
open access to conduct research and
academic to study the policy
achievements, and related to the
promoting the wide creation and
application of development of
academic alliances and to
achievements. develop appropriate
policies. 2. Making
up standards and
norms related to the
institutional systems
of the platform of
knowledge bases,
data and services. 3.
Building a system
platform: in
accordance with the
general needs of
alliance members,
carry out the
development,
updating and daily
maintenance of the
central CHAIR system
and the local system;
to carry out
certification of
commercial products
in accordance with
the requirements of
alliance members. 4.
Propaganda,
promotion and
training: promotion
of the concept of
open access, various
services provided by
the alliance,
organization of
meetings and
training.
The result of the study is the recognition of project activity as an effective tool for the transformation
of library and information institutions, which is used for the purpose of building new premises and
separate buildings, developing information products and services, creating digital information resources
at the international, national, regional and local levels; formation of digital collections of cultural and
scientific heritage; development of digital and electronic library projects. It was established that the
projects must meet certain criteria defined in the ISO 100006 standards.
At the same time, the project activities of the libraries of the People’s Republic of China are based
on NCB (National Competence Baseline) – a national standard that takes into account the cultural
aspects of the country. The basic rules for the development of the national standard are identical to the
ICB and contain up to 10% of elements of competencies that reflect the national features of project
activities and business methods. According to the NCB development rules: the ratio of competence
elements in the NCB must be identical to the ICB; the national association may add up to 10% of
competence elements to reflect the situation and customs of the region; the national association can
adapt the ICB when transferring it to the NCB, taking into account the situation and customs of the
region [1]. The creation of the national standard C-PMBOK (China), which is used to standardize
project and program management processes, deserves special attention. This standard takes into account
the special conditions and characteristics of China. It is used as a guide in project management and
helps establish effective communication between project managers in China and foreign colleagues.
The final document of the standard was published in April 2002 and is successfully mastered by
document and information institutions.
It was determined that libraries use different types of projects in their activities, including: mono-
projects, multi-projects, mega-projects according to the scale of the tasks to be solved. A feature of
project activity in China is complex multi-projects consisting of mono-projects. Under the leadership
of the state, powerful mega-projects for the development of libraries are also implemented, which are
implemented as components of comprehensive programs for the development of regions. Characteristic
features of megaprojects are their high cost, long implementation period, and the use of a wide range
of forms of financing. These types of projects differ in a certain way in technological, methodological,
technical, managerial approaches to their development and implementation. It was emphasized that the
recent active development of the libraries of the People’s Republic of China as components of the
information infrastructure of the state requires the formation of ‘portfolios’ that include projects and
programs of various types, cost, risks, strategic importance, novelty, territorial subordination.
5. Conclusions
The data of the conducted research prove that the socio-cultural design of the information and
communication environment of the People’s Republic of China aims to realize the tasks of creating a
highly spiritual intellectual space, protecting the interests of the state, society and an individual. In order
to fulfill this task, powerful projects for the construction of libraries, the creation of full-text databases,
and the formation of a knowledge network have been introduced.
It was established that the first stage of project activity on the formation of the system of document
and information institutions of China began in the 70s of the XX century with the construction of
modern library buildings, in accordance with the requirements of informatization. Activities in this
direction remain one of the leading ones to this day. At the second stage, the program and project
activities of document and information institutions of China are deployed in the direction of the
formation of digital libraries. The most powerful project was implemented within the framework of the
creation of the Chinese Academic Digital Library, work on which began in 1997. This project initiated
the construction of China’s digital library system, and also proved the high efficiency of the application
of program and project management technologies for the formation of the country’s information
environment.
The analysis of the most powerful projects proved that the project activity on creating a system of
document and information institutions in China was developed in accordance with the implementation
of projects on the development of the higher education system. The most famous of them are “Project
211” and “Project 985”. At the end of the XX century, project activities on the formation of China’s
document and information environment developed in the direction of the integration of scientific library
resources and the creation of digital libraries for the higher education system. A clear example of
activity in this direction is the creation of the Chinese Academic Library and Information System as
part of the CALIS project, the implementation of the CERNET project – the first nationwide computer
network in the field of education and research in China, the CADAL project – the creation of the
Chinese Academic Digital Library. The CADAL project covered about more than 60 Chinese academic
libraries and integrated the information centers of leading universities in Beijing, Tsinghua, Fudan and
Nanjing. It is noted that the result of the project is the operation of the world’s largest non-profit digital
library with more than 2.5 million books, which provides a universal personalized information service
based on powerful multidisciplinary, multilingual digital resources.
It was determined that the third stage of the project activity of document and information institutions
is their focus on strengthening the cognitive component, forming knowledge bases from various fields
and forming a system of information access to global knowledge. It was established that at the third
stage of the digital modernization of society, an important direction is the creation of powerful industry
resources within the framework of CASHL projects – China’s academic library for social sciences and
humanities, which unites 17 university libraries in China; ADLCAC – Digital Library of Chinese Old
Prints, which includes over 310 000 meta-descriptions of old prints, 26 000 book photos, sample pages,
and full-text images. 10 000 volumes of electronic books presented in ADLCAC create a single
information space of old prints for a group of libraries, contribute to the effective implementation of
new technologies and services for users. It is noted that currently, the creation of collections of unique
or rare resources of academic institutions by digitizing them and organizing them by topic is an
important direction of digitization of Chinese libraries
6. References
[1] E. Heyns, S. Huijts, Fostering a culture of project management practices – A maturity model for
libraries, in: A. Daugherty, S. Hines (Eds.), Project management in the library workplace, Emerald
Publishing Limited, 2018. doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/S0732-067120180000038011.
[2] L. Ruan, Q. Zhu, Y. Ye (Eds.), Academic Library Development and Administration in China, IGI
Global, 2017. doi: 10.4018/978-1-5225-0550-1
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