=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=Vol-3691/paper53
|storemode=property
|title=Mobile Application for Delivery of Medicines Through Motorcycle Taxis in Emerging Areas of the North of Lima, Perú
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3691/paper53.pdf
|volume=Vol-3691
|authors=Anabel Aranibar-Molina,Wilfredo Soto-Palomino,Carmen Palomino-Peralta,Edward Flores
|dblpUrl=https://dblp.org/rec/conf/cisetc/Aranibar-Molina23
}}
==Mobile Application for Delivery of Medicines Through Motorcycle Taxis in Emerging Areas of the North of Lima, Perú==
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3691/paper53.pdf
Mobile Application for Delivery of Medicines Through
Motorcycle Taxis in Emerging Areas of the North of Lima,
Perú
Anabel Aranibar-Molina1, Wilfredo Soto-Palomino1, Carmen Palomino-Peralta1 and
Edward Flores2
1 Universidad Tecnológica de los Andes, Perú
2 Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Perú
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a concern to bring research closer to university academic activities with
the purpose of creating spaces for the practice and development of new capabilities that allow the
discovery of formative research in university students through the use of Information and
Communications Technologies (ICT). The objective of this research was to determine a project
management framework to develop formative research capabilities in students by applying the
scientific method during an academic semester in higher education. The study carried out has a
quantitative, pre-experimental approach and is oriented to the Scrum framework for project
management under agile environments. The results show the development of the model under the
Scrum approach to develop the necessary capabilities in formative research during an academic
semester. It is concluded that the Scrum project management framework allows developing ICT
solutions by being a referential framework to develop projects in formative research, providing the
necessary capabilities and activities, so that the student can understand the basic guidelines of research,
ICT, while, at the same time, knowing and developing an agile framework for project management that
can be applied to various needs.
Keywords
Formative research, project management, Scrum, mobile applications, ICT. 1
1. Introduction
The global outbreak of the pandemic has presented schools worldwide with a series of
unexpected challenges. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have the potential
to address the technical challenges associated with remote learning. However, it is important to
note that relying solely on the online adaptation of traditional courses utilizing ICT tools may not
guarantee effective learning outcomes. One potential strategy for enhancing the efficacy of
distance learning involves augmenting the level of engagement [1]. Despite the plethora of
technological advancements presently accessible, there appears to be a consensus among
educators and experts on the superior efficacy and ease of the conventional in-person
instructional approach in attaining the intended educational goals. The level of engagement and
active involvement exhibited by students throughout their classroom sessions, along with their
inclination to cultivate cross-cutting competencies, plays a crucial role in optimizing academic
achievement and fostering the effectiveness of the educational experience [2]. Creating an active
learning environment and fostering student engagement in classroom discourse can provide
considerable challenges [3]. In recent years, innovative teaching strategies have been introduced
into the education system to improve the participation and engagement of students who are in
the learning process [4].
CITIE 2023: International Congress on Education and Technology in Sciences, December 04–06, 2023, Zacatecas,
Mexico
email1@mail.com (A. Ometov); email2@mail.com (M. Y. Writter); email3@mail.com (J. X. Ceur)
XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX (A. Ometov); XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX (M. Y. Writter); XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX (J. X. Ceur)
© 2023 Copyright for this paper by its authors.
Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
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The advancement of society relies significantly on universities, which play a crucial role in
fostering inquiry skills and integrating information. Furthermore, universities are responsible for
generating new knowledge to address the specific needs and challenges of their respective
contexts [5] Research is an important part of training, development and professional
improvement, the results of which are observed in the socioeconomic development of a country
[6]. Formative research has gained importance in the curricular plans of universities because it
can be seen as a strategy to train students in research [7]. Develop different perceptions about
undergraduate students [8]. Formative research aims to disseminate existing knowledge and
promote that students assimilate it as knowledge, that is, develop the necessary capabilities for
lifelong learning, necessary for professionals to update their knowledge and skills [9].
One of the most frequently used work methodologies or approaches that has been developed
in recent years is the Scrum approach for projects, it is characterized by being dynamic and
participatory with the entire work team. This work approach is based on agile environments that
are aligned with the values and principles of the agile manifesto, which highlights characteristics
such as the emphasis on the value of WIP (Work in Progress) [10]. It is an iterative approach that
allows the planning and management of project processes that require special speed and
flexibility to be successful [11], focuses on early value delivery, scope flexibility, team input,
continuous product and project process improvement, and product delivery [12].
The extrapolation of the Scrum framework to education pursues purely practical learning
based on experience with the objective of achieving the full development of their autonomy,
capacities and abilities [13]. The Scrum methodology is an innovative teaching framework that
helps students learn while performing complex tasks in the real world. It is a project management
framework that is frequently used in business and industry. Projects are increasingly adopting
the Scrum methodology [14], as it emphasizes collaboration, adaptability and flexibility. At its
core, Scrum promotes a self-organizing team structure in regular feedback and continuous
improvement cycles. The framework consists of defined roles, events, artifacts, and rules that
enable effective project management and goal achievement [15]. Scrum, being widely recognized
as a prominent agile methodology, places significant emphasis on the pivotal position of the
Scrum Master in overseeing the diverse roles within a project. Nevertheless, it is observed that
numerous organizations tend to assign this role as an additional duty to an existing team member
[16].
The roles of the scrum framework are described below:
Table 1.
Scrum Approach Roles
Role Description
Product Owner Person who maximizes the value of the requested product and the team's development work. It is
responsible for interpreting the interests of the applicant for the product or service.
Development team They perform the requested work of delivering a potential product increment at the end of each
( Team Project) iteration or each Sprint.
Scrum Master Person who is responsible for coordinating with the development team and ensuring that the work
is understood and executed.
Table 1 indicates the identification of the main roles within the Scrum work approach: The
Product Owner is the person who knows and requests what needs to be done and will be in
charge of ensuring the needs and requirements that have to be covered for the purpose of the
project. He is usually the person designated by the client who requests the service; The
development team ( Team Project ) is the human group in charge of executing the base activities
of the project for the preparation of the components of the product or service that are needed and
that allow the fulfillment of what is requested by the Product . Owner ; and finally, the Scrum
Master is the person in charge of coordinating with the project team for the execution of the tasks
and activities to be developed and will remain in permanent contact with the Product. Owner so
that the activities can be developed appropriately according to the initial requirements that allow
the purpose of the project to be fulfilled. Table 2 describes the components necessary for the
process iteration.
Table 2.
Components of the Scrum process
Components Definition
Product Backlog Prioritized list of the product to be delivered.
Sprint Planning Meeting Meeting where the Product Owner describes the highest priority functions.
Backlog Iteration List of project elements that the project team agrees to deliver.
Sprint The intervals or iterations into which the development of the project is divided.
Meeting daily (Scrum meeting) Daily monitoring meeting of the project activities to be developed.
Sprint Review Scrum team meeting when they present what they achieved during the development
of the Sprint. Generally, it takes the form of a demonstration of the new
functionalities or results obtained in the Sprint.
Sprint Retrospective Meeting Meeting in a short period of time dedicated to the end of each Sprint to provide
(Sprint Retrospective) feedback and deliberately reflect on how the team can do and find ways to improve
their activities.
Source: Modified from Corey Baham (2019) [17].
In Figure 1 you can see the sequence of the Scrum work approach, where the prioritized list (
Product Backlog) is determined by the activities to be carried out, the Sprint Backlog is the sprint
intervals to be developed, the period of each sprint can be be from one to four weeks, every day
(24 hours ) a follow-up meeting will be held, in which 3 specific questions will be asked: What
activities were carried out yesterday? What activities will be carried out today? What difficulties
do they generate? the activities? [18], and at the end of the sprint, the incremental product or
service of the original order to be executed will be delivered by the client or user who requested
the project for review (Sprint Review), subsequently, after being approved, the meeting will be
held for the feedback (Sprint Retrospective).
Figure 1: Agile Scrum Approach [19]
Some aspects to consider within this work approach are the Scrum Team, which must be a
team that can cover all the necessary skills to obtain the proposed results, it must be oriented to
be self-managed and self-organized to comply with the assigned activities, and likewise, they
must have sufficient powers to make decisions about how to carry out their work [20]. The
designation of roles in the early stages of the project is regularly given by the skills and abilities
that each of the members of the team has. In the case of new projects, the team is consolidated
with the necessary skills and as the deliverables are developed, the team is gaining experience
and capabilities about the activity.
During the last years, the city of Lima has been growing in a disorderly manner towards the
extremes, this growth is accompanied by very few urban areas and many human settlements that
have been growing uncontrollably in the hills surrounding the center of Lima, only in the As of
2017, it is estimated that there are more than 200,000 inhabitants in the Independencia district
[21], one of the four districts that are located north of the historic center of Lima, in these places
of disorderly growth, the population has not taken into account adequate demographic
development, causing access to be very difficult, this is where the need for use motorized light
vehicles has been quite popular for mobility. Figure 2 shows a photograph of what life is like in
these districts.
Figure 2: Slopes of the hills of Lima, Peru [22].
Various businesses such as chicken shops, markets, pharmacies, among others, carry out their
commerce in established premises, still developing traditional commerce in which buyers go to
the market, however, it has been identified that in the case of pharmacies, medicines can only be
be delivered to people who are in a position to be able to reach the establishment, and cannot be
delivered by other means, except in person, causing many patients who have an illness not to be
able to receive medications or not to be able to look for different pharmacies when The one
closest to the home does not have the product because it is far away.
The objective of this research was to use formative research applying the scientific method
under the Scrum framework to develop a mobile application for transporting medicines in rural
and remote areas such as human settlements, taking advantage of the low cost and
overpopulation of motorcycle taxi drivers in non-accessible areas of the city. northern area of
Lima.
2. Methodology
Because it represents a set of procedures organized sequentially to verify certain assumptions,
the study carried out has a quantitative approach. The order is rigorous, but we can redefine some
stages; Each phase precedes the next [23], of a pre-experimental type, since they have the lowest
control of variables and do not assign subjects to the experiment randomly. In this type of
experiments, the researcher has no control over the extraneous or intervening variables, the
subjects are not assigned to the experiment randomly nor is there a control group [24]. The
methodology used is oriented under the approach of the Scrum framework for carrying out
projects in agile environments. Which is made up of the following steps to follow:
2.1 Project development activities such as the following:
• Identification of the study topic
• Problem Statement
• Problem objectives _
• Justification
• Solution development.
2.2 Identification of the roles of the Scrum components.
2.3 Activities to be developed through the Scrum framework (see table 3, table 4 and table 5)
2.4 Final report of the work carried out.
The activities to be considered within point 2.3 are detailed below.
Table 3.
Sprint 1 activities.
Sprint 1
Week Goals Topics Activities
• Meeting of group members.
1 Identify • Requirements for direct or • Identification of the necessary requirements to be
project indirect functionalities or developed for the success of the project.
requirements activities for the project.
• Identify three alternative solutions.
• Select the best alternative for the development of
the project.
2
Identify • Justification of the selected alternative.
alternative • Alternative solutions to • Feedback meeting for the finished Sprint
solutions the identified problem. • Elaborate Sprint 2 report.
Table 4.
Sprint 2 activities.
sprint 2
Week Goals Topics Activities
• Meeting of group members.
• Role of the users. • Identify the role of the participant in each user story.
3
Prepare user • Specific objective for each user story • Identify the objective for each user story.
stories. • Benefits obtained for each user story. • Identify the benefit obtained by each user story.
• Identify the tasks to be developed for each user
story.
• Tasks by carry out. • Establish the estimate of the associated time until
4
Prepare tasks • Time for each task. the completion of each task and user story.
for each user • Time per user story. • Validate user stories.
story. • User story prioritization. • Prioritize the list of user stories for development.
Identify the
definition of • Determine the end of each user story.
5 finished for • Establish user acceptance criteria.
each user • Definition of finished. • Feedback meeting for the finished Sprint
story. • Criteria of acceptance. • Elaborate Sprint 4 report.
Table 5.
Sprint 3 activities.
Sprint 3
Week Goals Topics Activities
• Project execution.
• Task development unitary. • Meeting of group members.
• Articulation of tasks in each user story • Develop the activities or tasks of each user story.
6,7,8,
• Checking the expected benefit for each • Review the definitions of finished for each user story.
and 9
Develop the user story. • Articulate the tasks performed for each user story.
tasks • Verification of the benefit for the • Articulate user stories for each requirement.
scheduled. requirement • Find out he benefit required.
• Validate the requirements to verify the requested
Validation of • Review of finished deliverables. benefit with the development carried out.
10
the • Approval of the activities developed. • Approval of the requested benefits.
applicant/user • Deployment of activities developed . • Feedback meeting to be held with the project team.
of the project • Execution of the project with the capabilities
or activity. developed by the team.
• Monitoring of activities in project execution.
3. Results.
3.1 Project development activities
Identification of the problem
All groups participating in the course were asked to find a reality to be covered using low-cost
ICTs, for which one of the groups identified the need for medication care for various patients in
remote and highly populated areas of difficult access in the city of Lima, Peru.
Problem Statement
Based on the identified problem, the problem statement was established, for which the needs
of transportation, medical establishments and access to applicants were previously evaluated,
determining the following main research problem: What could be an ICT solution that Allows you
to acquire medicines in areas that are difficult to access?
Problem objectives
The following general objective was determined: Develop a mobile application for
transporting medicines that seeks to facilitate their acquisition in remote areas, taking advantage
of the low cost and overpopulation of motorcycle taxi drivers with the following specific
objectives: Facilitate the acquisition of medicines, Identify areas with little access to the purchase
of medicines, Determine the main difficulties that the implementation of the system will present,
Establish a sales format that is accessible and easy to use for users.
Justification
The justification of the proposal consisted of developing a service that helps promote
independent pharmacies through the use of motorcycle taxis as a means of transportation, since
they have a large presence in the limits of the capital, presenting an alternative that promotes
formality in this area given that many drivers do not even have the corresponding license to drive
the vehicle in question. In addition to this, it was accompanied by a SWOT analysis that indicated
as a strength the generation of a trustworthy service and a simple interface for the user, as an
opportunity the lack of deliveries (delivery) in remote areas according to the situation in which
They found lack of knowledge of the market and poor management of resources as a weakness,
and possible low acceptance by the user public as a threat.
3.2 Roles of Scrum components
Within the Scrum framework, the following roles will be identified:
Product Owner: This is the teacher responsible for the project activity who will act as the
person who wants to cover the need by developing a project.
Project Team (Team Project): These are the members of the team to develop the requested
activity, it will be made up of 6 students per team.
Scrum Master: In the student team, a responsible student will be designated who will act as
Scrum Master for the coordination of activities within the project. He will be in charge of ensuring
the monitoring and compliance of the activities to be carried out within his team. as well as
monitoring, which for flexibility can be two to three times a week.
3.3 Activities to be developed through the Scrum framework
For the development of the solution, the first Sprint to be developed was proposed (after
having adequately stated the problem and formalized the objectives and scope to be developed).
All the necessary requirements will be identified to satisfy the needs of the project. Requirements
gathering is the process of defining and documenting stakeholder needs to meet project
objectives. [25]. These requirements must take into account the functional and non-functional
requirements of the software development project. After all the project requirements have been
identified, they must be prioritized to determine which one or which will be the first to develop
and as they are developed over time the list must always remain prioritized. During Product
Owner management, it is necessary to create a shared understanding of the requirements [26].
Next, Table 6 shows the list of identified functional requirements.
Table 6.
Requirements functional.
ID Request Description Priority
RF1 The user The user will have methods to contact the driver 5
communicates with available to request the service.
the driver
RF2 Claim generation _ The client may register a message in case of 5
non-compliance with the service
RF3 Alert generation _ If the service cannot be fulfilled, an alert will be 4
generated to the user and the provider.
RF4 Order Status Real-time location of the order and average 4
delivery time.
RF5 Trading history _ The history of operations carried out will be 3
generated.
RNF1 Interface simple Dynamic interface with user and driver 3
RNF2 Compatibility for The system will be developed under a 3
low-end equipment lightweight application approach.
RNF3 User validation _ User tests will be carried out according to the 3
development carried out.
RNF4 Support in third- APIs will be established that allow the interface 3
party applications of additional applications.
In the second Sprint, which lasts 3 weeks, the elements of the Scrum framework must be
identified, such as what a user story is. In this initial stage of knowledge, the user stories will
contain the elements required minimums, they will identify the elements of how (role), I want
(something), for (benefit), to determine user stories [27], and similarly, the feature will be written
with respect to the detailed task or DoD (Definition of Done) that will be executed to complete
the Sprint [28] of each user story, which will allow them to know to what extent each of these
should be built or developed. All the tasks to be carried out for each user story will be identified,
the basic activity to be developed for each task will be evaluated, to follow up. and compliance
during the solution development stage of the project. Depending on the identified requirements,
the associated user stories will be determined; each requirement identified in the previous stage
may contain one or more than one user story. Table 7 presents a sample of the user stories and
tasks developed for this project.
Table 7.
User stories and project tasks.
USER STORIES TASKS
As a user I want to register my email to use • Code the application in Kotlin language in Android Studio.
the application. • Generate the user interface.
• Validate the email if the account already exists.
As a user I want to register my phone • Encode the telephone number record.
number to receive notifications. • Validate if there is duplication of number.
• Generate registry compliance alert.
As a user I want to enter the driver's section • Code the order entry window.
to accept orders. • Validate that the information is complete to place the order.
As a user I want to add an image of the • Allow the app to use the camera to take photos.
medical prescription for purchase. • Allow the app to attach the gallery image.
• Validate the image size.
• Generate compliance alert for the record.
As a user I want to know the location of the • Allow the app to use Google Maps to validate the driver's
driver to be aware of his arrival time. location in real time.
• Validate the information received and display it in the
application.
As a user I want to see the orders placed to • Generate the report of orders placed.
track them. • Enable the option to request an order already placed.
• Validate the information of the new order.
• View compliance of the new order.
A good way to track the activities to be developed at this stage is to use tools that allow tracking
during the development of user stories and tasks. In this case, a good example is through the
Scrum board that consists of dividing the board into several Backlog columns, such as: Pending (
To Do), In Progress ( In Progress ), Verify ( To Check / To Verify ) and Done (due to project affinity
they can also be named differently). The rows of the board correspond to the user stories that
form the Backlog, used to accumulate operations related to each feature. The cards to be used (
post-it type ) represent the related tasks, with the activity indicated on it [29]. The task board
feature also helps people understand each other's work and helps others about time [30]. There
are different software tools that include the Scrum Task Board function. The most used of these
software tools are JIRA, Trello and Taiga [31].
The third and last Sprint, which lasts 5 weeks, is the construction of the solution and consists
of implementing all the planned elements that have been designed in the previous stage so that
they can build the proposed solution and subsequently be used by the user, the client or who
requested the service or product that originated the project. Within this activity, the solution is
implemented and its completion is subsequently communicated so that users can have access to
the benefits developed within the project and thus carry out the corresponding tests for
validation. This activity can be carried out both virtually and in person depending on the type of
tasks to be carried out and the initial scope of the project. The user must know and identify all the
capabilities that will be developed or built in the project to subsequently give their assessment of
whether the requested work was completed or not. The Product Owner will receive the finished
development and review it to ensure it meets the user story acceptance criteria, which will satisfy
the QA process [32]. Figure 3 shows some images of the developed application.
Figure 3. Mobile application developed.
3.4 Final report of the work carried out
The last activity lasts two weeks and is made up of the gathering of the expected results and
the closing of activities with the presentation of the final report. In this deliverable, it must be
checked whether the expected benefits of the project were achieved in full or in part. In some
cases, sometimes due to the nature of the project, more time is required to collect them, however,
this will depend on the instructor or teacher. about the purpose of the project by determining the
objectives at its initial stage. During this activity, the work team is in charge of validating the
results using different techniques or instruments. Then, it prepares the final report, which is
mainly made up of the compilation of the information obtained from the previous Sprints, as well
as the preparation of complementary information resulting from the results obtained, the benefit
and the final structure of the report to be presented. Table 8 outlines the deliverable of the final
report, where the defined structure of the work can be visualized, as well as the incorporation of
all previous results as parts of the final deliverable for the satisfactory completion of the project.
Table 8.
Outline of the final report.
Report structure Content
Qualification Describe the job title in less than 20 words.
Summary No more than 250 words and must include the objectives, the methodology
developed, the results found and the conclusions.
Keywords Determine the words that represent the work done, maximum 5 words or
expressions.
Introduction It will include the identification of the topic for the study and the previously
developed problem statement.
Goals It will indicate the proposed objectives, both general and specific, previously
identified.
Requirements Add elements from Sprint 1 developed.
Proposed Solution _ Add items from Sprint 2 and 3 developed.
Results The project implementation and the field test carried out previously will be
added.
Conclusions It must describe whether the proposed objectives were met.
References Add all project references.
Annexes Relevant information, tables, images, procedures, development or others, that
are part of the project carried out and that complement the report presented.
The entire project is developed during a university academic semester, which consists of an
average of 16 weeks, at a rate of 4 hours per week. The evaluation elements and moments are
determined at the end of each sprint with the corresponding support. It should also be indicated
that the retrospective meeting will be held together with the teacher after each deliverable
completed.
4. Discussion
Regalado [33], tells us that there is a need to promote research from the early years by providing
spaces and techniques that provide them with the necessary tools to propose solutions to specific
problems of the context, which is consistent with the proposal developed that focuses on an agile
management environment. of projects in Scrum to develop formative research that can be applied
from the first cycles of studies. Carrillo [34] tells us that the evaluation of project-based learning
tasks, where evaluations related to research and the search for information, capacity for
synthesis, group work and collaboration, planning and management of content and its transfer
are developed. , as well as a final product with information collected and organized; It is,
therefore, a complex process, which leads to the evaluation of all the tasks carried out, which is a
relevant activity and coincides with the present study to maintain adequate monitoring of
learning and the proposed objectives, thus allowing , achieve full compliance with the capabilities
of the described methodology. In the same way, García [35] tells us that methodological changes
in teaching-learning processes are being consolidated in the field of higher education. Teaching
strategies are changing towards more active methodologies as a result of these changes.
However, they also influence evaluation strategies, increasingly seeking student participation
because it has been shown to be a crucial component to improve learning, which is also
demonstrated within the study presented that seeks to develop a proposal on ICTs. through the
Scrum framework to develop the formative research process.
5. Conclusions
For all the above, it is concluded that the Scrum project management framework allows it to be a
referential framework to develop projects in formative research using the scientific method,
making use of ICTs during an academic semester, providing the capabilities and activities
necessary, so that the student can understand the basic guidelines of research and mobile
applications, while, at the same time, know and develop an agile framework to develop projects
that can be applied to various needs.
It is necessary to properly identify the Sprints to be developed during the execution of the
project; these may vary over time depending on the needs that must be covered by the project to
be developed.
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