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[ ] . Given that many aviation terms are inherited from nautical terminology, a great deal of figurative terms with this etymology can serve as evidence of links between different registers as well as different, but related professional domains. [ ] The process of determining figurative terms in the domain of aviation included both a knowledge-based, top-down approach of defining key concepts in the domain, as well as a lexicon-based, bottom-up standard method of term extraction by means of keywords extraction and a fine-tuned concordance analysis using tailored regular expressions [17]. The manual analysis of the word sketches of 50 most frequent terms from the corpus was also performed.
The question of labeling a term as metaphorical and the challenge of distinguishing figurative from denotative meanings pose several difficulties, as the answer can be approached from various perspectives. Ureña emphasizes that the "the conceptual and psychological reality of specialized metaphoric thought is contingent on the type of user of these metaphors and the discourse context" [18]. He distinguishes metaphorical processes and their outcomes according to the people to whom they are inherent. Therefore, metaphoricity can be determined from the perspective of an expert who first names a specific concept, from the viewpoint of an expert proposing a metaphorical equivalent to an existing opaque term, and that proposed solution becomes a terminological unit, as well as from the perspective of a layperson who is introduced to a specialized field for the first time [18]. Additional perspectives could be considered, but those are not relevant for the analysis.
If we analyze terminological units from the expert's perspective, a significant number of terms would likely not be labeled as metaphorical because they have become conventionalized, and the original motivation for the metaphorical mapping is no longer known. However, even if experts may not consider them metaphorical, it does not mean that these expressions do not reflect metaphorical mappings. We decided to approach the analysis from the perspective of an expert, i.e. a semi-expert. The author’s specific background of being a linguist with a professional experience in the aviation domain justifies suggesting author’s intuition as a valid first criterion in distinguishing metaphorical from literal meaning.
Therefore, in determining the figurative meaning, we applied the following criteria A list of 658 potentially figurative terms and collocations was first obtained applying the first criterion only. In the second phase of analysis, the remaining criteria were also applied, resulting in the final list of 287 English figurative terminological units, and their linguistic contexts.
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