=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=Vol-3706/Paper23
|storemode=property
|title=An Innovative Crypto-Stego Technique for Secure and Privacy-Preserving on Reliable Transmission Data
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3706/Paper23.pdf
|volume=Vol-3706
|authors=Harikrishna Bommala,Seelam Sai Satyanarayana Reddy
|dblpUrl=https://dblp.org/rec/conf/icaids/BommalaR23
}}
==An Innovative Crypto-Stego Technique for Secure and Privacy-Preserving on Reliable Transmission Data==
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3706/Paper23.pdf
An Innovative Crypto-Stego Technique for Secure and
Privacy-Preserving on Reliable Transmission Data
Harikrishna Bommala∗,† , Seelam Sai Satyanarayana Reddy†
KG Reddy College of Engineering & Technology, Moinabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
Abstract
In this day’s data communication became too much risk factor that there are so many third-party
persons are getting an unauthorized access to get the details of the communication, which will affect
the security and privacy. Even though we are applying so many data security techniques and privacy
techniques simultaneously the unauthorized access mechanism’s also developing so secure and privacy
communication became more concern and to achieve that previously vernal cipher method, it had a
disadvantage that depending on number of input characters that much number of keys are need to
generate. To overcome this method and to achieve the secure and privacy preserving communication
without getting any unauthorized access that may lead to modification of data so we are proposed
technique that provides modern methods inclusive of modified Zig-Zag, modified rail fence, crossover
and XOR operations without key similarly, statistics is embedded in picture with none deformation the
parameter evaluation along with MSC and PSNR displaying higher outcomes than existing algorithm. In
the proposed work an efficient LSB primarily based photo steganography is provided. The proposed
technique ensures there’s no fundamental adjustments are done where secret message is embedded into
cover adjustments.
Keywords
Data security, zig-Zag, RailFence, cryptography, data transmission, stegnography
1. Introduction
To prevent unauthorized parties from deciphering private communications, cryptography
involves the construction and analysis of secret procedures [1]. Steganography refers to the
process of secretly transmitting data by embedding it in another file, message, picture, or video.
The expanding capabilities of modern communications call for a fresh approach to security,
particularly in the realm of wireless laptop networks [2]. Network protection is turning into
extra crucial as the amount of information being exchanged on the net is increasing safety
necessities are necessary both at the very last consumer level and at the organization degree,
mainly because of the massive utilization of non-public computer systems, networks, and the
internet with its worldwide availability [3]. Historically, people have prioritized the following
computational security features: privacy, identity, verification, no-repudiation, integrity, and
availability [4]. As a consequence, the industry of secret document storage has developed
ACI’23: Workshop on Advances in Computational Intelligence at ICAIDS 2023, December 29-30, 2023, Hyderabad, India
∗
Corresponding author.
†
These authors contributed equally.
Envelope-Open haribommala@gmail.com (H. Bommala); saisn90@gmail.com (S. S. S. Reddy)
Orcid 0000-0002-9932-6152 (H. Bommala); 0000-0002-2985-3555 (S. S. S. Reddy)
© 2024 Copyright for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
CEUR
ceur-ws.org
Workshop ISSN 1613-0073
Proceedings
282
dramatically. A new approach to information concealment is also necessary because of the
rapid growth of the publishing and broadcasting generation.
Figure 1: Basic flow diagram of cryptography technique
Unauthorized duplication of music, video, and other material that is only available in digital
form raises concerns about copyright protection [5]. The music, film, book, and software
publishing businesses are particularly hard hit by the nuisance of unlawful copying. To get
around this problem, assessment remarks might be sent to the output record using hidden data
buried in the digital medium [6] no longer be easily removed unless a unique technique is
used [7]. Data security may be achieved in several ways [8] one is cryptography as shown in
fig 1. The sender uses an encryption key [9] to scramble the message, the scrambled message
is broadcast via an unsecured public channel, and the unique, unencrypted message can be
reconstructed only if the recipient has the appropriate decryption key. The second method is
called steganography, and it involves concealing a message inside another message such that
its very existence is concealed [10]. They adapt rapidly to varying levels of illumination in
photos of everyday scenes when it comes to size and variety, LPs just can’t be mistaken for
anything else in a photograph [11]. Few machine learning methods are proposed to detect
network attacks [12, 13].
2. Related Work
Data security, confidentiality, information integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation are
all relevant to modern cryptography, which is the practice and study of techniques for secure
communication in the face of adversarial behavior [14] Present-day cryptography lies at the
crossroads of the fields of mathematics, computer technology, electrical engineering, commu-
nication technology, and physics [15] packages of cryptography contain digital commerce,
chip-primarily based charge playing cards, virtual currencies, computer passwords, and military
communications [16] In times past, cryptography was almost identical with encryption, the pro-
cess by which data is transformed from a legible country into incomprehensible gibberish [17]
to prevent unauthorized parties from reading encrypted messages, the sender only provides
the decryption method to the intended recipients. Alice (”A”) is the sender, Bob (”B”) is the
intended receiver, and Eve (”eavesdropper”) is the adversary, in the cryptography literature [18].
The emergence of computers during World War II and the usage of rotor cipher machines
during World War I have both contributed to the complexity and breadth of cryptographic
techniques [19] as of late, cryptography has relied heavily on mathematical concepts and
computer technology exercises to develop cryptographic algorithms that are very difficult for
any opponent to crack in reality [? ] While it may be conceivable to disrupt a well-designed
283
system in theory, doing so in reality is very unlikely to succeed. This kind of system is called
”computationally cozy” if it is well-designed; nevertheless, theoretical developments (such as
improvements in integer factorization techniques) and faster computer technology need that
such designs be constantly reevaluated and, if necessary, updated. The only-time pad and other
statistically secure but computationally insecure systems are far more difficult to employ in
reality than the best theoretically breakable but computationally comfortable techniques [20]
The proliferation of cryptography has given rise to a slew of statistical age jail issues. Because
of its potential for use in espionage and sedition, several countries have treated cryptography
like a weapon, restricting or outright banning its use and export. Some countries have passed
legislation making [21] it possible for law enforcement to demand the surrender of encryption
keys for data relevant to an investigation. Digital media copyright infringement challenges
and online rights management both rely heavily on cryptography. Steganography technique as
shown in fig 2 is a means of hiding mystery info inside (or even on top of) an in any other case
commonplace, non-secret document or other medium to stay away from discovery.
Figure 2: Basic process of steganography technique
The fig 2 dispatches can use steganography to hide textual content, video, pics, or maybe
audio statistics. It’s a useful bit of know-how, limited handiest by the kind of medium and the
writer’s imagination.
3. Proposed System
The proposed work that concentrates on techniques which are used to overcome the existing
disadvantages [21] the existing system that uses the symmetric key cryptography to transfer
the data [22] but in the proposed work there is no keys that are used to encrypt the clear text.
The proposed work as shown in fig. 3 that performs two main phases called data encryption
and embedding process for encryption and reverse process called decryption [23].
3.1. Data Encryption
The goal of encryption in cryptography is to ensure that only authorized parties have access to a
message or piece of information. The only thing encryption does is make it so an eavesdropper
can’t understand what’s being said. The plaintext of a message or other piece of information
is encrypted using an encryption algorithm and a cipher to produce a version of the message
284
Figure 3: Architecture of proposed system
known as ciphertext [21] Both public-key and symmetric-key cryptography are not required to
encrypt documents. Instead, we suggest a scheme where the document is encrypted without
the usage of a key. If you want to ensure the highest level of security, you shouldn’t use the
same passphrase to guard your private key as you do the keyless procedure that drives the
keyless cipher [24] When it is not necessary to share the password with anybody else, keyless
encryption is a great way to keep sensitive data safe. Encrypting a file using a keyless cipher
is possible by selecting this menu item. There were four stages of encryption and four stages
of decryption in the suggested technique for encrypting work files. The four-step encryption
procedure is a methodical, multi-stage scheme that employs four novel techniques. Z-scan, a
tweaked rail fence, a cross-over, and a xor operation are the new techniques.
3.2. Modified Zig-Zag
Scan In order to no uniformly quantize N*N DCT coefficients, zigzag scanning is used [25]. This
coding scheme is based on transforms. The energy is concentrated in the lower coefficients
and is dispersed in a radial pattern around the origin. The end result is a one-dimensional
sequence in which the vast majority of the coefficients are zero after a critical threshold is
passed. When encoding a non-zero coefficient, the category/run length encoding first counts
the number of consecutive zeroes in the scanned sequence. Both sym1 and sym2 are based on
the number of zeros before the nonzero coefficient, whereas sym1 is based on the magnitude of
the coded coefficient. Therefore, the DCT coefficients are ordered in an efficient fashion for the
category/run coding phase by use of zigzag scanning. The zigzag operation on binary integers
has been described up to this point.
But in this proposed work actually perform on decimal numbers (ASCII of Plain text). The
system that uses this operation to make original text to somewhat disturbed text.Zig-zag scan
used because to group low frequency coefficients in top of vector. Zig-zag scan matrix range
285
Figure 4: 8*8 zigzag scan matrix
that can defined in two ways such as 4*4 and 8*8 as shown in fig. 4. By performing this scan
method, it generates intermediate cipher text1. Maps 8*8 to a 1*64 vector Maps 4*4 to a 1*16
vector.
3.3. Modified Rail Fence
1. Data is organized just like as wave form, in this form there exist two levels of values.
2. Second level values are followed by first level values which creates first stage of interme-
diate cipher2.
3. In the next step split the intermediate cipher into two parts and align them as rail fence
structure.
4. Again, perform the actual rail fence process to get as usual original text.
Fig. 5 shows the basic approach of Rail Fence method.
Figure 5: Modified Rail Fence
286
3.4. Modified Crossover
Reproduction and genetic crossover are likened to the crossover operator. In this more than one
parent is chosen and one or more off-springs are generated utilizing the genetic material of the
parents. It’s important to keep in mind that the GA Designer has the option of implementing
a problem-specific crossover operator in addition to these fairly general ones. To convert
an original matrix into an intermediate cipher3, the proposed work offers a novel crossover
technique as shown in fig. 6.
Figure 6: 4 x 4 matrix Crossover
3.5. XoR Operation
The only two possible numbers in a computer are zero and one, hence all computations are
performed using the binary system. Everything on a computer, including numbers, letters,
pictures, and videos, is saved and displayed in this way.We shall restrict ourselves to integers
for this exercise. All computers first transform integers supplied by the user into a binary
representation of the number before carrying out any calculations. Fig. 7 shows the basic
encryption process to convert original message into cipher message.
Encryption Algorithm
Step 1: Read the text file.
Step 2: Convert each character in the file into corresponding ASCII value.
Step 3: Construct the corresponding data into 4*4 matrices.
Step 4: Each 4*4 block performs the following methods one by one
Step 4.1: Modified 4*4 Zig-Zag scan
Step 4.2: Modified Rail fence
Step 4.3: Crossover
Step 4.4: XOR operation
Step 5: Embed the result of XOR into individual RGB planes.
287
Figure 7: Original message (left) to Cipher message (right)
3.6. Decryption Algorithm
Step 1: Extract the RGB pixels from the stegoimage.
Step 2: Convert each pixel into corresponding ASCII value.
Step 3: Construct the corresponding data into 4 x 4 matrices.
Step 4: Each 4 x 4 block performs the following methods one by one
Step 4.1: XOR operation
Step 4.2: Crossover
Step 4.3: Modified Rail fence
Step 4.4: Modified 4*4 Zig-Zag scan
Step 5: Decrypted plain.txt file will be created.
Table 1
Time complexity for existing and proposed
File size Existed Proposed
1KB 285 221
5KB 370 277
10KB 360 301
15KB 395 318
20KB 720 587
Table 2
PSNR values for existing and proposed
File size Existed Proposed
1KB 4.4881 7.297
5KB 4.856 7.8978
10KB 4.8787 7.6931
15KB 4.7568 7.6589
20KB 4.6564 7.6129
288
4. Conclusion
In an efficient LSB based image steganography is presented. The planned method ensures there
is no major changes are accomplished where secret message is embedded into cover changes.
The secret message has been generated with innovative method such as 4*4 zig-zag, crossover
and modified rail fence. When compared with existing it is taking more time for embedding
the data. In the parameter analysis PSNR values are high when compared with existing, which
means there is no major changes in cover image. Further this work may be extended for audio
and video by keeping PSNR as higher values.
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