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https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3824/preface.pdf
Proceedings of the 12th Linked Data in Architecture and Construction Workshop – LDAC 2024
LDAC2024
12th Linked Data in Architecture
and Construction Workshop
Proceedings of the 12th Linked Data in
Architecture and Construction Workshop
(LDAC 2024)
Bochum, Germany, June 13-14, 2024
Pieter Pauwels1, María Poveda-Villalón2, Walter Terkaj3
(eds)
1 Eindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands
2 Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain
3 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Italy
©2024 Copyright for this paper by its authors.
Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
CEUR Workshop Proceedings (CEUR-WS.org)
CEUR
ceur-ws.org
Workshop ISSN 1613-0073
Proceedings
Proceedings of the 12th Linked Data in Architecture and Construction Workshop – LDAC 2024
Support
Funding:
Diamond sponsors:
Gold sponsors:
2
Proceedings of the 12th Linked Data in Architecture and Construction Workshop – LDAC 2024
Silver sponsors:
Organisational support:
3
Proceedings of the 12th Linked Data in Architecture and Construction Workshop – LDAC 2024
Preface
The LDAC workshop series provides a focused overview on technical and applied
research regarding the usage of semantic web, linked data and web of data
technologies for architecture and construction (design, engineering, construction,
operation, etc.). The workshop aims at gathering researchers, industry
stakeholders, and standardization bodies of the broader Linked Building Data
(LBD) community. The aim of the workshop is to present current developments in
research and development, coordinate efforts, gather stakeholders, and extend
industry uptake and collaboration.
We are pleased to collect in this volume the papers that were submitted and
presented during the 12th Linked Data in Architecture and Construction (LDAC)
Workshop. The workshop took place on 13 and 14 June 2024, as a stand-alone
event in Bochum, Germany. The workshop was preceded by an extensive 3-day
summer school. These proceedings present the eleven full papers and two short
papers that were accepted after the peer-reviews by the members in the program
committee.
The workshop also included three excellent keynotes on three diverse topics, one
of them hosted during the SSoLDAC Summer School. The first keynote, by
Ekaterina Petrova (TU Eindhoven) was titled “Symbolic, Neural or Neuro-Symbolic
Artificial Intelligence for Architecture, Engineering and Construction?”.
Embedding intelligence in Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems requires enabling both
the analysis of vast amounts of raw data and the use of background knowledge to
perform higher-level functions such as abstraction, analogy, reasoning, and planning.
While sub-symbolic (i.e., neural) AI approaches such as Artificial Neural Networks
are powerful when it comes to processing data and discovering patterns in it, they
are usually data-hungry and lack explicit representations of background knowledge.
Symbolic structures, on the other hand, represent this background knowledge
explicitly (e.g., semantic graphs). Neuro-symbolic AI blends the processing and
approximation capabilities of neural methods with the knowledge representation
and reasoning abilities of symbolic approaches to improve the overall performance
of AI systems and address challenges at both algorithm and application levels. This
talk will discuss the untapped potential of neuro-symbolic AI in Architecture,
Engineering and Construction and highlight recent implementations and ongoing
research aimed at improving the performance of the built environment, focusing
particularly on smart building applications.
The second keynote was given by Raúl García-Castro (Universidad Politécnica de
Madrid), with the title “Lessons learnt from researching on semantic
interoperability”.
4
Proceedings of the 12th Linked Data in Architecture and Construction Workshop – LDAC 2024
Seamless interoperability is still a challenge in the current landscape of information
systems, which need to be aware of cross-sectorial information coming not only from
other information systems but also from people or diverse entities in the world. This
talk presents some lessons learnt from researching and implementing semantic
interoperability. On the one hand, it will cover the semantic aspect of interoperability,
giving guidelines on the development of ontologies and on their role for sharing
consensus. On the other hand, it will deal with the interoperability perspective, giving
hints on engineering semantically interoperable systems and presenting challenges
in decentralised interoperability, such as the privacy one.
The third and last keynote was presented by Martin Voigt (elevait GmbH), with the
title “Overcoming boundaries: How Linked Data and Machine Learning are
Transforming Enterprise Software”.
In a world driven by data, the ability to effectively structure, process and utilize
information is more crucial than ever. However, traditional enterprise software and
its technological paradigms often reach their limits. In this keynote, we outline how
the elevait suite pushes the boundaries of traditional data processing by applying
linked data principles and machine learning. Our platform is domain and use case
agnostic, but is widely used in the construction industry to automate business
processes and increase efficiency. Learn how we use advanced workflows to
semantically annotate data, train ML models and generate data according to linked
data principles and use it in process automation. We also show how no-code tools are
used to define business rules and how automatically generated user interfaces make
it easier to interact with this data. Using concrete examples from our platform, we
will demonstrate how these technologies are implemented in real-life scenarios to
create precise, scalable and efficient solutions. We will also share valuable lessons
learned that can help you drive your development and research projects forward.
In the event, we also had a full industry marketplace, as well as a number of posters.
These posters have not been included in this Proceedings volume, yet are available
via the LDAC workshop website 1. The list of posters presented in the event is:
• Lasitha Chamari, Shalika Walker, Ekaterina Petrova, Pieter Pauwels. Linked
Data Service for Improving Portability of a Model Predictive Controller.
• Sebastian Blechmann, Hannah Görigk, Rita Streblow and Dirk Müller. Ontology-
based approach for fault detection and diagnosis and fault location assessment
in air handling units.
• Pille-Riin Peet, Ergo Pikas and Aime Ruus. Semantic Web for Streamlining
Building Design and Permitting Processes.
• Julia Kaltenegger, Ekaterina Petrova, André Borrmann and Pieter Pauwels. A
conceptual system architecture for enriching Digital Twins with material
performance data using symbolic and sub-symbolic Artificial Intelligence.
1
https://linkedbuildingdata.net/ldac2024/
5
Proceedings of the 12th Linked Data in Architecture and Construction Workshop – LDAC 2024
• Lu Wan, Ferdinand Rossa, Torsten Welfonder, Ekaterina Petrova and Pieter
Pauwels. A web application for automated building energy analyses and
monitoring using semantic web technologies.
• Sergio Acero González, James Allan, Hashem Birahjakli, Emanuele Laurenzi,
Wolfram Willuhn, Edrisi Munoz and Sascha Stoller. The development of an
application layer connected to a knowledge graph for the continuous calculation
of energy performance indicators.
• Zehor Hounas, Maxime Lefrançois, Antoine Zimmermann and Bruno
Traverson. A hybrid approach of semantic modeling and co-simulation for a
better consideration of the physics of physical phenomena in a smart building.
• Jonas Maibaum and Philipp Hagedorn. Knowledge modeling and provision for
circular economy aspects of municipal infrastructure projects.
• Daniel Napps. Knowledge Graphs for Building Design Decisions.
Acknowledgments
This event is only possible by dedicated and committed support from several
organisations and people. In particular, we thank the authors and presenters
for their high-quality contributions, the Program Committee who reviewed
the papers presented in this volume, the keynote speakers for their excellent
contributions, and the local organisers, in particular Philipp Hagedorn for all
organizational efforts.
Special thanks go to the sponsors of this workshop, with Pallas and Tennet as
diamond sponsors, elevait, Neanex, and Building Digital Twin Association
(BDTA) as gold sponsors, and bSDD, BimConnected, Schüßler-Plan digital,
XRtech, NMBU, and QAECY as silver sponsor.
Program Committee
● Calin Boje, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Luxembourg
● David Chaves, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
● Andrea Cimmino, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain
● Gonçal Costa, La Salle Barcelona, Spain
● Aaron Costin, University of Florida, USA
● Alex Donkers, Technical University Eindhoven, The Netherlands
● Diellza Elshani, University of Stuttgart
● Raúl García-Castro, Polytechnic University of Madrid, Spain
● Philipp Hagedorn, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
● Ana Iglesias-Molina, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain
● Maxime Lefrançois, Ecole des Mines de Saint-Etienne, France
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Proceedings of the 12th Linked Data in Architecture and Construction Workshop – LDAC 2024
● Dimitris Mavrokapnidis, University College London, UK
● Claudio Mirarchi, Politecnico di Milano, Italy
● Jyrki Oraskari, RWTH Aachen, Germany
● Nicolas Pauen, RWTH Aachen, Germany
● Pieter Pauwels, Technical University Eindhoven, The Netherlands
● Ekaterina Petrova, Technical University Eindhoven, The Netherlands
● María Poveda-Villalón, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain
● Dimitrios Rovas, University College London, United Kingdom
● Ana-Maria Roxin, University of Burgundy, France
● Oliver Schulz, RWTH Aachen, Germany
● Madhumitha Senthilvel, RWTH Aachen, Germany
● Alvaro Sicilia, La Salle Barcelona, Spain
● Ranjith Soman, Imperial College London, UK
● Daniele Spoladore, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Italy
● Walter Terkaj, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Italy
● Edlira Vakaj, Birmingham City University, UK
● Jeroen Werbrouck, Ghent University, Belgium
● Sven Zentgraf, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
Local Organising Committee
● Philipp Hagedorn, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
● Sonja Pohlmann, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
● Sven Zentgraf, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
● Markus König, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
● Marlena Block, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
LDAC Committee
● Philipp Hagedorn, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany
● Pieter Pauwels, Eindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands
● María Poveda-Villalón, Technical University of Madrid, Spain
● Walter Terkaj, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Italy
● Alex Donkers, Eindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands
● Madhumitha Senthilvel, RWTH Aachen, Germany
● Jeroen Werbrouck, Ghent University, Belgium
7
Proceedings of the 12th Linked Data in Architecture and Construction Workshop – LDAC 2024
Table of contents
Regular Papers
Standard-Oriented Ontology Export of Domain Catalogues from Data Dictionaries
Sebastian Schilling, Christian Clemen 10 – 22
Semantic Interoperability using Ontologies and Standards for Building Product
Properties
He Tan, Rahel Kebede, Annika Moscati, Peter Johansson 23 – 35
Advanced Process Representation for Semi-Automated Linking between
Construction Schedules and IFC files
Jonas Schlenger, André Borrmann 36 – 49
Web of Simulation Ontology (WoSO): Integration of Building Performance
Simulations in IoT Systems
Zehor Hounas, Maxime Lefrançois, Antoine Zimmermann, Bruno Traverson
50 – 62
infraspatialOT: An Ontology for the Representation of Spatial Relationships in Road
Infrastructure
Ina Heise, André Borrmann 63 – 76
A Standard-Based Ontology Network for Information Requirements in Digital
Construction Projects
Martina Mellenthin Filardo, Liu Liu, Philipp Hagedorn, Sven Zentgraf, Jürgen
Melzner, Markus König 77 – 90
Relative Location Ontology: An Ontological Model for Representing Directional
Topological Relationships between Spatial Entities in Oriented Space
Anne Göbels, Jakob Beetz 91 – 104
Aligning openCDE APIs with Linked Building Data through Constrained Containers
in Common Data Environments
Oliver Schulz, Jakob Beetz 105 – 117
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Proceedings of the 12th Linked Data in Architecture and Construction Workshop – LDAC 2024
Using ICDD for BIM and GIS Integration in Infrastructure
Judith Krischler, Paul-Christian Schuler, Jakob Taraben, Christian Koch
118 – 132
Defining Semantics for Digital Twins of Façade Component Testing Facilities
Calin Boje, Nico Mack, Sylvain Kubicki, Antoine Dugué, Pascale Brassier
133 – 146
WoTDT: an Extension of the WoT Thing Description Ontology for Digital Twins in
the Construction Domain
Salvador González-Gerpe, Andrea Cimmino, Socorro Bernardos, María Poveda-
Villalón, Raúl García-Castro 147 – 161
Short Papers
How Much OWL Do You Need to Know to Make Sense of Building Ontologies?
María Poveda-Villalón, Sergio Carulli-Pérez, Raúl García-Castro 162 – 169
A Method to Unify Custom Properties in IFC to Linked Building Data Conversion
Jyrki Oraskari, Lukas Kirner, Marit Zöcklein, Sigrid Brell-Cokcan 170 – 179
9