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|title=Theoretical exploration of the design of the open university ecosystem and its security challenges within the realm of digital transformation
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3826/paper11.pdf
|volume=Vol-3826
|authors=Oksana Buinytska,Valeriia Smirnova,Tetiana Terletska,Liliia Varchenko-Trotsenko,Bohdan Hrytseliak
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==Theoretical exploration of the design of the open university ecosystem and its security challenges within the realm of digital transformation==
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3826/paper11.pdf
Theoretical exploration of the design of the open
university ecosystem and its security challenges within
the realm of digital transformation ⋆
Oksana Buinytska1,†, Valeriia Smirnova1,†, Tetiana Terletska1,†,
Liliia Varchenko-Trotsenko1,† and Bohdan Hrytseliak1,*,†
1
Borys Grinchenko Kyiv Metropolitan University, 18/2 Bulvarno-Kudryavska str., 04053 Kyiv, Ukraine
Abstract
The paper investigates the theoretical foundations of designing an open university ecosystem for protection
against information security threats that meet the requirements of the modern digital society. The authors
provide an overview of international and Ukrainian legal acts related to the digital transformation of higher
education, which is not limited to and not determined by the introduction of digital technologies into the
activities of the university, it involves much deeper changes, namely the formation of a new model of
university functioning and activity. The paper discusses international and Ukrainian experiences in
designing an open university ecosystem, methodologies, and measures to increase protection against cyber
threats and to ensure the safe operation of higher education infrastructure, which is especially relevant in
the context of martial law in Ukraine. The key benefits of digital transformation, such as creating
opportunities for cooperation, expanding service delivery, and changing approaches to work, individual
and group educational needs, are highlighted, which requires the creation of a university ecosystem based
on the ideological and methodological principles of openness and continuity of the learning process. The
analysis of the ideas of digital transformation and the design of the university ecosystem is based on the
research of leading scientists in the world and Ukraine. The authors offer a list of functioning ecosystems
that are directly or indirectly related to university education, their features, and strengths are indicated,
and the common factors to be taken into account in the process of an educational ecosystem design are
defined. Cybersecurity has been identified as one of the important issues to consider in the design of an
open university ecosystem The main areas to ensure the reliability and security of the ecosystem include
data security and privacy, access control and authentication, and network and infrastructure protection.
The digital campus of Borys Grinchenko Kyiv Metropolitan University is described as the current stage of
the university’s digital transformation and is the basis for designing an open university ecosystem. It
includes such main categories as digital education, digital science, digital control, image and leadership,
digital space, and infrastructure. The paper also presents the prerequisites for creating an ecosystem of the
Grinchenko University in the context of digital transformation as a preparatory stage for the
implementation of the study on the design of an open university ecosystem, which was launched by the
Digitization of Education Research Lab of Borys Grinchenko Kyiv Metropolitan University. Based on the
analysis and considering the requirements and needs of today, an indicative model of the open university
ecosystem is presented.
Keywords
open university ecosystem, designing a university ecosystem, open university, cybersecurity, digital
transformation 1
1. Introduction educational institutions were forced to work in remote
mode, not only employees needed to master new digital
The rapid development of technologies prompts the digital technologies and tools, but also all citizens—consumers of
transformation of all spheres of society’s life, which social services. Digital transformation is not limited to and
provides an opportunity for the development of education not determined by the introduction of digital technologies
and at the same time creates challenges for universities. The into the activities of the university, it involves much deeper
process of digital transformation in the world has been changes, namely the formation of a new model of
accelerated by the pandemic caused by Covid-19 and the functioning and activity of the university—an open
introduction of martial law in Ukraine. Organizations and university, a “university without walls”, which will be the
CPITS-II 2024: Workshop on Cybersecurity Providing in Information 0000-0002-3611-2114 (O. Buinytska);
and Telecommunication Systems II, October 26, 2024, Kyiv, Ukraine 0000-0001-9965-6373 (V. Smirnova);
∗
Corresponding author. 0000-0002-8046-423X (T. Terletska);
†
These authors contributed equally. 0000-0003-0723-4195 (L. Varchenko-Trotsenko);
o.buinytska@kubg.edu.ua (O. Buinytska); 0000-0003-2953-8560 (B. Hrytseliak)
v.smirnova@kubg.edu.ua (V. Smirnova); © 2024 Copyright for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under
Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
t.terletska@kubg.edu.ua (T. Terletska);
l.varchenko@kubg.edu.ua (L. Varchenko-Trotsenko);
b.hrytseliak@kubg.edu.ua (B. Hrytseliak)
CEUR
Workshop
ceur-ws.org
ISSN 1613-0073
115
Proceedings
key to success in the next ten years, about which is stated university ecosystem that has a high level of protection
in the Concept of the European Association of Universities against information security threats is an urgent problem
“Universities without Walls: A Vision for 2030” [1]. Only and research area.
with a complete change in the organizational structure of The purpose of the study. The purpose of the paper
the university, one can realize such benefits of digital is to study the best international, European, and national
transformation as the creation of opportunities for practices of designing educational and university
cooperation, the expansion of service delivery, and changes ecosystems in the context of the digital transformation of
in approaches to work, individual and group educational society and to ensure their protection. The main tasks are to
needs, which require the creation of a university ecosystem study the legislative framework for digital transformation,
based on the worldview and methodological principles of analyze Ukrainian and international experience in various
openness and continuity of the process of cognition. The ecosystems related to educational activities and universities
ecosystem itself will ensure the development of a holistic in particular, determine the prerequisites for designing an
university to achieve its competitiveness, openness, open university ecosystem at Borys Grinchenko Kyiv
transformation, and transnationality, strategic goals of the Metropolitan University in the context of digital
university’s sustainable development, which is formed as a transformation, identify key guidelines for the security of
result of the synergy of education, science, innovation, the open university ecosystem, and design a model of such
academic, and business community. However, along with an ecosystem.
the numerous benefits provided by digital transformation,
new challenges arise, among which a special place is 2. Method description
occupied by ensuring protection against information
security threats, and disruptions in the functioning of the To achieve the goal of the research several theoretical
university’s digital infrastructure to ensure the continuity methods were used: the analysis of the current state of the
of the educational process, increasing the level of security problem research in scientific publications; the analysis of
of information resources, protecting confidential data, etc. [2]. normative and legislative acts on digital transformation of
To be able to design an open university ecosystem, it is higher education at national and international levels;
important to study the previous experience of designing generalization of experience in designing open university
educational ecosystems and increasing their security, as ecosystems; comparative analysis method; determination of
well as the legislative framework for this. At the same time, the prerequisites for Borys Grinchenko Kyiv Metropolitan
a solution must be planned taking into account the existing University ecosystem design under the conditions of digital
infrastructure and available resources of the higher transformation. The research was carried out according to the
education institution (HEI). Thus, it is necessary to study tasks of the scientific topic “Designing an open university
the prerequisites of the open university ecosystem and ecosystem in the context of digital transformation of society”
modern approaches to ensure its protection. In the context (No. 0123U102794), which is being implemented by the
of modern military aggression, which covers not only Digitization of education research laboratory of Borys
physical but also cyberspace, higher education institutions Grinchenko Kyiv Metropolitan University.
(HEIs) are becoming attractive targets for cyberattacks that
can lead to the leakage of confidential information, personal 3. Research results
data, disruption of the educational process, impact on The paper presents the research carried out at the first and
research results and the overall reputation of the partially second stages of the implementation of the
educational institution. The digital transformation of research topic of the Digitization of Education Research Lab
education creates additional challenges, including of Borys Grinchenko Kyiv Metropolitan University, which
cybersecurity issues in the open university ecosystem, includes some tasks, including studying the process of
which must be taken into account in the design process [3, digital transformation based on the world’s leading higher
4]. The main areas of cybersecurity in the open university education institutions, determining the peculiarities of
ecosystem include data security and confidentiality, access digital transformation in the management, educational and
control and authentication, and network and infrastructure scientific spheres of higher education institutions, analyzing
security. Therefore, the issue of protecting the international experience in designing open university
infrastructure of a higher education institution from cyber ecosystems; substantiating the prerequisites for the project.
threats is a priority. The study summarizes the regulatory and legal documents
Problem statement. Modern society requires a related to the digital transformation of higher education, the
profound change in approaches to work, service delivery, experience of ecosystems, and the prerequisites of Borys
problem-solving, and management in various fields. Higher Grinchenko Kyiv Metropolitan University, which serve as
education is no exception and must adapt to the conditions, the basis for designing an open university ecosystem.
respond to the challenges of today, and develop to be The study analyzed the use of terminology related to
competitive and effective in the context of digital open educational ecosystems and digital transformation in
transformation, which is not limited to the use of digital European long-term documents, Ukrainian legislative
tools, but requires the development of a new model of documents, draft documents submitted for public
functioning to ensure lifelong learning, the introduction of discussion, articles by leading scholars who study university
innovative technologies and teaching methods, cooperation development, ecosystem building, and digital
with business, government and public structures for high- transformation, etc. (Fig. 1).
quality education and research. Designing an open
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Figure 1: Structure of the analysis
The key issues of digital transformation of university European societies in a better future. The digital
education are reflected in key long-term international transformation of universities is recognized as an important
documents, including those of the European Commission, the trend but does not replace a physical presence on campus.
United Nations, the European Association of Universities, and As the process of digitization expands, advanced digital
the International Association of Universities. technologies must be integrated into university education,
The main strategic priorities of the Digital Education the model of which will undergo significant changes for
Action Plan (2021-2027), an updated policy initiative of the openness and accessibility. However, physical presence on
European Union (EU), are to promote the development of a campus should remain a core feature of most educational
high-performance digital education ecosystem. For the institutions [1].
implementation of strategic priorities, some measures have The main strategic priority of the International
been identified, which include the development of a Plan for Association of Universities is the digital transformation of
the digital transformation of higher education institutions, higher education. The IAU Strategy (2022–2030) declares
the creation of a European platform for the exchange of that digital transformation affects all aspects of higher
higher education content and educational data to support education institutions, from governance to teaching and
in-depth transnational cooperation between higher research. It opens up new opportunities but also presents
education institutions and facilitate the exchange of content new challenges. HEIs must respond to, interact with, and
and educational data, the development of network shape this process to stay current, and modern and
infrastructure, the implementation of innovative correspond to the needs of the society where digital
technologies, development of digital competence of technologies play a crucial role [9].
teachers and lecturers, inclusion of artificial intelligence and The strategy for the development of higher education in
data-related skills in the European Framework of Digital Ukraine for 2022–2032 is aimed at achieving the Sustainable
Competences. The Plan emphasizes the importance of Development Goals, including the spheres of education and
improving ICT skills in areas such as cyber security, big professional training, and is coordinated with other
data, quantum technology, and machine learning, as well as program documents that are conducive to a high standard
improving digital skills for businesses such as web design, of living and human progress. The Strategy identifies key
digital marketing software development, etc. [5]. priorities for the higher education system at the present
Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for stage of social and economic development together with the
Sustainable Development [6], one of the key documents of main characteristics that should be formed by 2032. The
the Department of Economic and Social Affairs, which Strategy emphasizes that the lack of practice and experience
considers digital technologies as a means of implementing in implementing digital technologies is one of the problems
open access to education, global cooperation, and that need to be addressed. Therefore, the digital
knowledge sharing. Open education is part of an open and transformation of educational institutions is an important
socially inclusive world, which means that openness must direction of the development of higher education in
be visualized as one of the merits of higher education as well Ukraine, which involves the utilization of digital
and an open university ecosystem can be seen as a way to technologies to improve management and monitoring in
introduce and fulfil open higher education. In the context of higher education institutions and the quality of the
open education, urgent issues include ensuring compliance educational process. The main tasks to achieve the strategic
with international and national standards of cybersecurity and operational goals of this Strategy are the development
in education, ensuring the security and reliability of of innovation infrastructure based on higher education
distance learning platforms, implementing reliable institutions, promotion of their integration into regional
authentication systems to prevent unauthorized access, innovation ecosystems and Industry 4.0 clusters, taking into
preserving and protecting educational materials and account the SMART specialization of the regions; digital
research results in open access, protecting confidential transformation of management, regulation and monitoring
research data, fostering a culture of cybersecurity among processes in higher education institutions and the effective
students, faculty, and staff, ensuring the security of data and use of digital (distance) technologies in the educational
processes when using cloud technologies [7, 8]. process; development of standardized digital tools for
The concept of the European Association of Universities measuring learning outcomes and verifying academic
“Universities without Walls: A Vision for 2030” defines the integrity; introduction of IT equipment as part of the digital
vision of sustainable and efficient universities that serve infrastructure in the updated teaching and research
117
laboratories of higher education institutions; formation of a policies for evaluating scientific and academic staff, guided
fault-tolerant IT infrastructure; encouragement of the use of by the principles outlined in the San Francisco Declaration
innovative technologies and teaching and learning tools in on Research Assessment (DORA) and the Open Science
the educational process, development of research Career Assessment Matrix (OS-CAM) [12].
infrastructure; modernization of networks, secure access The draft document “Concept of digital transformation
and data exchange; search for ways to digitally transform of education and science”, which is under public discussion,
the access of foreign citizens to higher education in created to bring it into line with the global trends of digital
Ukrainian universities [10]. development, highlights the need for the successful
Ukraine’s Recovery Plan (Education and Science) realization of each person’s potential, including the self-
regulates the key measures for the post-war recovery of the realization of those who choose professions that require
sphere of Ukrainian education. The primary objectives of acquiring a high level of digital competences and mastering
the Plan encompass several key areas: fostering the creation the latest technologies.
of personalized educational paths for students, In the project of the Ministry of Digital Transformation
incorporating interdisciplinary educational initiatives, of Ukraine “Strategy for the Development of the Innovation
securing acknowledgment from universities for non-formal Ecosystem in Ukraine”, where the following innovation
and informal learning, promoting student-centered learning areas are prioritized: defense tech, artificial intelligence,
principles as the cornerstone of educational structuring, and FinTech, Green Tech, AgriTech, Cybersecurity, Industry
integrating innovative technologies and diverse educational 4.0; the insufficiently developed lifelong education system
modalities. Additionally, the Plan outlines the integration of and weak STEM education, which do not allow the
digital solutions to reinforce measures for identifying development of innovative entrepreneurship in Ukraine, the
breaches of academic integrity, notably through the low realization of the development potential of the IT
development of a standardized digital tool for monitoring sphere due to systemic problems in IT education at every
academic integrity. The Plan also outlines the need for the stage of specialist training are noted [13].
digital transformation of management, regulation, and The studied documents allow the authors to assert that
monitoring processes in higher education institutions, the the digital transformation of university education may
effective use of digital (distance) technologies in the result in the construction of an open university ecosystem
educational process, the creation of a universal characterized by a high level of security, compliance with
methodology for evaluating scientific activity based on advanced cybersecurity standards, and ensuring reliable
world experience in the balance between quantitative and protection, integrity, and accessibility of educational
qualitative indicators, the introduction of digital evaluation resources and data in conditions of increased openness and
tools, development a unified information system that will interaction. The design of an open university ecosystem
ensure the reliability and relevance of data for analysis and correlates with the priorities of digital transformation of
decision making in the field of science [11]. universities in the documents analyzed above [1, 5, 6, 9–13].
The plan for the implementation of open science in The development of university infrastructure,
Ukraine provides for measures to ensure open access to integration of digital technologies into the educational
scientific results and scientific and technical information; process, digital transformation of management, regulation
guarantee open access to research infrastructure and and monitoring processes, development of digital
promote a favorable environment for the effective use of competence of teachers and lecturers, ensuring high quality
scientific and technical information and publicly available and security standards, open access, dissemination of
research infrastructure resources; protect open scientific research results, improvement of institutional policies for
platforms and data repositories from unauthorized access; the evaluation of research and teaching staff are identified
ensure security in the exchange of data between different as key strategic priorities of the digital transformation of
scientific institutions and industries; popularization of HEIs in the regulatory documents of the European and
science, dissemination of scientific knowledge and national levels. The implementation of the priorities set out
involvement of citizens in scientific and technical activities; in the regulatory documents at the European and national
improvement of the system of quality assessment of levels plays a significant role in improving the quality of
scientific and technical activities; raising awareness and education, increasing the competitiveness of universities,
building competence in open science. The strategy for and preparing students who will be successful in the modern
advancing open science in Ukraine advocates for the digital world. At the same time, these priorities contribute to
adoption of proper management practices for scientific data expanding access to education, ensuring the continuity of the
(FAIR principles) and the utilization of optimized scientific educational process, introducing innovative methods and
data (FAIR data). This includes their integration into the approaches to teaching, actively involving students in the
research process. Moreover, it entails the establishment of a learning process, expanding research opportunities, and
national scientific information system for open access creating a safe and open educational environment conducive
monitoring, facilitation of data exchange with EU nations, to innovation, knowledge sharing, and cooperation.
particularly through integration into European data spaces, Therefore, we see them as a guideline in designing an open
and the establishment of a unified database documenting university ecosystem.
scientific and technical accomplishments. Additionally, it Digital transformation has become one of the key
aims to refine the criteria for state certification of higher aspects of discussions on the development of education in
education and scientific institutions, as well as to develop recent years. Scientists are investigating various aspects of
guidelines for these institutions on enhancing institutional the digital transformation of society and education, in
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particular, its impact on various spheres of university factors that influence the success of the digital
activity. Among the main tasks of the digital transformation transformation of educational institutions. At the same
of education, Bykov V., Spirin O., and Pinchuk O. highlight, time, the issue of increasing the level of security of the
particularly the formation of a coherent national policy for infrastructure and information resources of a higher
the digital transformation of education, improving the education institution is particularly important [21]. The study
digital competence of participants in the educational by Dudykevych V., Mykytyn H., Stosyk T., and Skladannyi P.
process, conducting research in the field of digitalization of [22] presents a general methodology that allows the
education, etc. [14]. The Ukrainian and foreign experience implementation of integrated security systems for the safe
of the digital transformation of higher education at different operation of infrastructure facilities. The methodology
stages is summarized by Vakaliuk T., Antoniuk D., includes such key aspects as a multi-level approach to
Novytska I., and Medvedieva M. It is emphasized that there security, ensuring security at all stages of the information life
is no single approach to the digital transformation of higher cycle, applying a systematic approach, and using specialized
education, each researcher considers the problem in a security technologies for each level of architecture.
separate context and emphasizes that in modern conditions, Ab Jalil H., Ismail I.A., Ma’rof A.M., Lim C.L., Hassan N.,
the digital transformation of higher education institutions Che Nawi N.R. [23] based on an analysis of data from
is simply necessary to ensure a quality educational process universities, examined the impact of the ecosystem on
in all its aspects [15]. students’ future readiness. Kathleen Mahon, Hannu L. T.
Cerda Suarez L. M., Nunez-Valdes K., Quiros and Heikkinen, and Rauno Huttunen [24] encourage the
Alpera S. [16] highlight a systems perspective to understand inclusion of critical educational practices in the university
the digital transformation in higher education but also ecosystems that are now being created. Research work
expand the range of management decisions about the role “Towards a Unified Open Education Ecosystem through
of educational ecosystems in this transformation. Recently, Generative AI, Blockchain, DAO, MMLA, and NFT” by Dr.
considerable attention has been paid by the scientific Mehmet Firat explores the potential integration of several
community to the study of the education ecosystem and the technologies to create a single educational ecosystem. These
university ecosystem, with an emphasis on the importance technologies include decentralized autonomous
of security. In particular, the educational ecosystem as an organizations (DAOs), blockchain, non-fungible tokens
environment for creating conditions that increase the (NFT), generative artificial intelligence, and multimodal
competitiveness of universities, organizations, areas, and learning analytics technologies [25]. Particular attention is
regions is considered by Kovaliuk T. and Kobets N. [17]. The paid to information security aspects, including the protection
study presents the synergy of education and science with of students’ data, ensuring the integrity of educational
the state-political system, business and economy, and materials, and creating reliable authentication mechanisms
society and proposes the concept of “University 4.0” as part within this innovative ecosystem.
of an innovative educational ecosystem. Piazza A., Vasudevan S., and Carr M. examine the
The principles of open education are described in cybersecurity ecosystem in higher education, finding very
the paper by Kyrychenko M., Prosina O., Shven Y., and low levels of collaboration and significant opportunities for
Kravchynska T. [18]. Among the principles the following improving cyber threat information sharing [26]. The
ones can be singled out: openness and accessibility, research identifies key areas for enhancement, including the
flexibility and adaptability, globalization, and economic need for university management to support collaboration,
efficiency. Identity management options, authorization the potential for coordinating bodies to play a more active
processes, and access control parameters in public and role, and the importance of investing in universities’ digital
private universities are studied by Mollakuqe E. and estates to improve overall sector resilience. The study by H.
Dimitrova V. [19]. The authors identify key measures aimed Dei, D. Shvets, N. Lytvyn, O. Sytnichenko, and O. Kobus
at strengthening the overall security of universities against [27] highlights the importance of cybersecurity in
new cyber threats, including continuous monitoring of educational institutions as part of Ukraine’s path to
advanced technologies, user training incident response European integration, emphasizing the need for improved
planning, etc. These measures should be taken into account legislation, privacy protection, and data security across
in the process of designing an open university ecosystem. various sectors. Key challenges include outdated legislation,
Abad-Segura E., Gonz´alez-Zamar M-D., Infante-Moro lack of clear cybersecurity standards, and protection of
J.C., Ruip´erez Garc´ıa G. explore the main trends related to personal data, while prospects for improvement involve
the sustainable management of digital transformation, enhancing regulatory frameworks, implementing
which include Big Data, artificial intelligence, robotics, the innovative technologies, and developing tailored
use of flipped classroom technologies, digital cooperative cybersecurity mechanisms for educational institutions.
learning (DCL), gamification, augmented, virtual or mixed Anakhov P., Zhebka A., Popereshnyak S., Skladannyi P.,
reality, which contributes to increasing the motivation and and Sokolov V. [28] present an innovative approach to
involvement of students in the educational process, protecting critical information infrastructure from military
stimulates practical and creative activity, using new didactic cyberattacks, which can be used in part in higher education
models for learning and teaching based on individual institutions. The main concept is to decentralize the
learning, personalization of content and development of telecommunications network through its hybridization.
own skills through social learning [20]. Tungpantong C., This approach is aimed at increasing the resilience of critical
Nilsook P., and Wannapiroon P. identify strategy, process, information infrastructure to cyber-attacks by diversifying
product (service), human factor, data, and technology as the communication channels and dynamically adapting data
119
transmission parameters. The proposed concept has the confidentiality of information, ensuring the integrity of the
potential to significantly increase the level of cybersecurity, network and infrastructure, protecting personal data, and
which is important in the context of modern military raising users’ awareness of cybersecurity. Integrating
conflicts, where information infrastructure is becoming a cybersecurity principles into the open university ecosystem
key target of attacks. requires a comprehensive approach that covers all aspects of
Kepuska K. and Tomasevic M. [29] propose a simplified information security, from data protection to managing risks
cybersecurity framework for e-learning management associated with interactions with external partners. An
systems in higher education institutions, considering important aspect is the protection of confidential information
resource constraints and low cybersecurity awareness. stored at the university, in particular, students' personal data
The design of an innovative and entrepreneurial and academic records, which includes data encryption,
educational ecosystem of a higher education institution, compliance with privacy rules, data backup and recovery, and
which takes into account the principle of environmental data loss prevention. Access control ensures that only
friendliness and low power consumption of hardware and authorized individuals have access to university systems and
software, is analyzed by Dan Sheng, Yulong Wang [30]. data using multi-factor authentication, role-based access
Cwik S. and Singh C. [31] raise the issue of inclusiveness control, single sign-on solutions, and privileged access
and equality of participants in the educational process in the management. Network and infrastructure security is ensured
scientific education ecosystem. So, we can conclude that the using firewalls, intrusion detection and prevention systems,
concept of an educational ecosystem or university and secure configuration of network devices, including
ecosystem is variably used in scientific literature. However, protection against DDoS attacks and security of computers
to consider the issue of designing an ecosystem of an open and mobile devices. A key element of ensuring cybersecurity
university in the future, we need to define the legislative is raising user awareness through training programs and
background, single out the constitutional components of policies for handling confidential information, which
such an ecosystem, and describe the current state of contributes to a culture of awareness of cyber threats.
readiness of the university considering available In addition, the experience of creating various
infrastructure and resources. ecosystems was studied, but those related to university
The analysis of scientific papers and research on the education and the digital transformation of education and
digital transformation of education, ecosystem design, open society were highlighted: innovation, business, university,
university, and approaches to improving the security of ICT entrepreneurship, artificial intelligence, digital
educational ecosystems provides a valuable basis for solutions for education, open science, education, digital
designing a secure, fault-tolerant, flexible open university education, etc.
ecosystem in the context of the digital transformation of The results of the analysis of functioning ecosystems
society. and the features of some of them are shown in Table 1.
The main areas of cybersecurity in the open university
ecosystem are focused on such key aspects as protecting the
Table 1
The analysis of functioning ecosystems
The name of the
Proposed/implemented Features of the ecosystem
ecosystem
Innovative ecosystem of Ministry of Education and Science of Experimental project on the creation based on institutions of
Ukraine Ukraine higher education, scientific institutions of the Startup-school
incubator accelerator network.
All-Ukrainian National Technical University of Selection, attraction, and training of creative people to create
Innovation Ecosystem Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv their businesses and startups. Consists of Startup School
“Sikorsky Challenge Polytechnic Institute” “Sikorsky Challenge”; Business incubator “Sikorsky
Ukraine” (SCU) Challenge”; Innovative technological environment “Sikorsky
Lab”; Center for Intellectual Property; Venture Fund
“Sikorsky Challenge”.
ICT entrepreneurial EU4Digital Analysis of the current status of ICT entrepreneurial
ecosystem ecosystem performance. Diagnosis of the performance of the
different ecosystem stakeholders: educators, investors,
connectors, and facilitators by evaluating 19 indicators.
Recommendations for further developing the ICT
entrepreneurial ecosystem.
An ecosystem of digital “Institute of Education Content Modern services and tools; Digital Skills and competencies;
solutions for education Modernization”, Center Educational electronic educational environment of the educational
Consulting, Digital Development institution; digital transformation of the lesson.
Academy LLC, Ed Pro Distribution
LLC, Public organization
“UkraineActive”
The ecosystem of open Boiko A., Kramarenko O., Open source; data/research reproducibility, research data
science Mayboroda T. management; open access to publications.
Future Learning Ab Jalil H, Ismail IA, Ma’rof AM, Lim Characteristics of the educational ecosystem of the future:
Ecosystem CL, Hassan N, Che Nawi NR - Dependence on information and communication
technologies.
120
- Use of smart learning spaces.
- Implementation of innovative pedagogical approaches.
- Use of the latest developments, solutions, and
technologies that will prepare students for real life.
- Searches for new approaches to solving complex
problems.
Digital ecosystem of Ukrainian Institute of Scientific and Register of repositories of institutions of higher education
national repositories of Technical Expertise and Information and scientific institutions of Ukraine; Digital archives.
academic texts
Digital education DIGI-HE project research, European Digitally enhanced learning and teaching.
ecosystem Universities Association
Open access ecosystem European Universities Association, Implementing open access as the default practice for
DIAMAS project communicating research results.
Formation of a coherent high-quality and sustainable
institutional ecosystem of open access.
Modern research Elsevier Key trends for librarians to support researchers:
ecosystem in the - Preprints and open science.
conditions of - Cooperation in research.
transformational - Artificial intelligence technologies.
changes - Changes in the financing system.
- Maintaining a work-life balance.
Quantum Technology The QTEdu Project An educational ecosystem for informing society about
Education quantum technologies.
UNESCO Digital UNESCO Structure:
Ecosystem - Education
- Natural sciences
- Social and Human Sciences
- Culture
- Communication and Information
- Ocean
- Priority Africa
- Priority Gender Equality.
Diamond Open Access European University Association Ensuring the sustainability of the Diamond Open Access
ecosystem for scholarly “Action Plan for Diamond Open scholarly communication ecosystem
communication Access”
The analysis has shown that there is no unified scheme or According to the results of the study “Digital learning
algorithm for an educational ecosystem design. The ecosystem at educational institutions: A content analysis of
ecosystems described above have different structures, scholarly discourse” [32], which relates to the description of
various features, and a wide spectrum of services and the concept of Digital learning ecosystem, four groups are
activities. However, there are common factors taken into defined, namely: digital learning ecosystem, digital
account in the process of an educational and innovative education ecosystem, digital teaching and learning
ecosystem design. Among them, there are the goals of the ecosystem. Other terms are classified as parts and are used
organization, the needs of all stakeholders, defined target more frequently (Fig. 2).
groups, technical, financial, and human resources that can
be involved, the size of the ecosystem, etc.
Figure 2: The ratio of the frequency of use of terms (based on research by scientists)
121
Education can gain a lot more opportunities by facilitating opportunities, but at the same time posing complex
the links of the educational ecosystem, i.e. formal education challenges that require flexibility, innovation, and openness
with non-formal learning from stakeholders: business, to change. Universities are facing the need to transform to
politics, etc. meet the requirements of the digital era and remain
The maturity assessment methodology presented in the competitive in the global market of educational services.
Final report of the project “Guide for building the ICT Society wants an open, accessible, flexible, and efficient
entrepreneurial ecosystems in the Eastern partner educational environment aimed at developing the
countries: Maturity analysis and recommendations” [33] competencies necessary for success in the 21st century and
can be adapted for educational and university ecosystems. supported by a reliable, powerful IT infrastructure. At the
The main approaches were developed by the results of same time, universities play an important role in the digital
interviews and consultations with stakeholders of the transformation of society, as they are actively working to
innovation community in the field of ICT in the Eastern provide affordable education, train highly qualified
partner countries: representatives of ministries, state specialists, introduce and develop innovations, and promote
institutions, and business support associations, including a lifelong learning. University science contributes to the
wider community of local experts of the entrepreneurial development of advanced technologies, which, in turn,
ecosystem in the field of ICT, facilities technology accelerates the digital transformation of the economy and
development, education providers, investors, and others. society towards Economy 4.0 (Fig. 3).
Digital transformation is affecting all areas of university
life: teaching, research, and management, creating new
Figure 3: Digital transformation
Digital transformation involves the formation of a new transformation involves the formation of a new model of
model of functioning and activities of the university—an university functioning and activities and a change in the
open university, a “university without walls”, which will be worldview of participants in the educational process. The
the key to success in the next ten years. Realizing the full nature and structure of universities should be hybrid. They
potential of digital transformation at a university often should have open, both physical and virtual campuses that
requires profound changes in the organizational structure, will work to interact with society, which will require an
which allows for a more flexible and efficient system, and integrated system of physical and digital educational,
promotes collaboration, service expansion, and innovation. scientific, and management environments to address the
A prerequisite for meeting the diverse educational needs of demands of the university community and offer versatile
modern society is the creation of an open university and blended methodologies. The traditional campus will
ecosystem based on the principles of openness and remain essential as a hub for social engagement,
continuous learning. concentrated learning, and research endeavors.
Simultaneously, the virtual campus will extend the
4. Prerequisites for the creation of university’s reach, making it accessible and fostering
collaboration, while also pioneering inventive methods to
the Grinchenko University advance the university’s mission in research and education.
ecosystem in the conditions of Borys Grinchenko Kyiv Metropolitan University has
digital transformation thorough studies, which include a formed information and
educational environment, a Digital Campus, a System for
According to the analysis, the process of forming an open
the development of digital competence of teachers, a system
university ecosystem in the context of digital
122
of ratings, etc. The information and educational An important component of the information and
environment introduced at the university is a convergence educational environment of Grinchenko University is the
of digital, informational, and educational environments that electronic learning system, which is constantly being
provide participants in the educational process with free developed and updated following the needs of participants
access to digital tools, and informational and educational in the educational process. For convenience, the personal
resources and ensure effective communication and digital environment of the teacher and the student,
collaboration within the environment. The open respectively, is organized, which contains all the necessary
information and educational environment of the university resources for organizing the educational process, including
includes [34]: distance learning, a module for implementing the selective
component of the educational program, and an additional
– Platform for the management of training, block with useful digital tools. The student digital
scientific, and management activities, taking environment contains the study plan, the trajectory of
into account the standards. personal development of competencies, the rating of success
– Personal digital environment of teachers. in each academic discipline and in general, the deadlines for
– Personal digital environment of students. the completion of tasks and their evaluation by the teacher,
– Communication and collaboration support checking qualification papers for plagiarism, maintain
systems. academic integrity in the created university database of
qualification papers with the integration of an anti-
To secure the open educational environment of Borys plagiarism service that checks for plagiarism on the
Grinchenko Kyiv Metropolitan University, the University’s Internet; built-in electronic communication tools among all
Cybersecurity Strategy was approved, with the priority participants of the educational process. In their digital
areas being improving network protection, data security, environment, a student has the opportunity to get
and confidentiality, modernizing the remote desktop service acquainted with the activities and ratings of teachers. The
for remote work, and creating a single service for managing teacher’s digital environment includes the possibilities of
educational and work processes. creating and developing electronic educational courses,
To protect access to the university’s open educational describing and creating educational disciplines of the
environment, a two-stage verification of corporate email student’s choice, working programs of educational
accounts was introduced. To ensure secure external access disciplines, forming performance information, and drawing
to the university’s internal network, we organized the use up and implementing an individual teacher’s plan.
of a VPN, which provides a secure communication channel Electronic communication between the participants of
and reduces the risk of unauthorized access. Server OSes are the educational process is provided by corporate mail on
updated to versions that support the latest security updates. Gmail and related Google services with two-step
Each site is equipped with a security certificate (SSL/TLS) verification, which creates a reliable secure space for the
that encrypts all transmitted data and protects the exchange of educational materials and communication,
confidentiality of user information by creating an encrypted significantly increases the level of protection against
communication channel. The university uses both licensed unauthorized access to accounts and prevents the disclosure
and free software, choosing the best solutions for of confidential information. To implement the program of
educational and scientific tasks. The training and content openness developed an “E-portfolio”, “Activity register
management systems are regularly updated to the latest database”, “Institutional repository”, a functioning Wiki,
versions to ensure their stable operation and compliance etc. [35] Grinchenko University’s Internet portal, social
with modern requirements. Regular software updates are an network pages of the university and faculties, electronic
integral part of a comprehensive approach to cybersecurity, scientific professional journals are functioning to present
as they allow us to quickly address identified vulnerabilities and popularize the university’s activities on the Internet,
that can be used by cybercriminals to gain unauthorized informational support of the educational process of
access and compromise data confidentiality. To ensure the scientific, social and humanitarian, publishing activities,
security and integrity of information, data is backed up, and international cooperation.
which ensures reliable data storage and quick access to it in To display a complete picture of the activity of a teacher
the event of failures or loss of local data, reduces the risk of at Grinchenko University, the “E-portfolio” system has been
losing important information, and increases the level of developed, which allows not only to creation of an e-
security and data availability for users. Comprehensive portfolio of a teacher but also for building rating tables of
protection of workstations and servers is provided by indicators for evaluating the main types of activities of each
modern anti-virus software, which is constantly updated teacher and all departments to objectively analyze the
and includes modules for detecting and neutralizing various quality of personnel ensuring professional activity and
types of malware, which creates proactive protection quality of higher education (Fig. 4).
against known and new threats.
123
Figure 4: E-Portfolio System
A unified database of employees’ professional performance The rating is based on the citation rates of scientific
indicators was created with the possibility of forming ratings publications in the three most important scientometric
for certain types of activities. To monitor the effectiveness of databases—Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and is a
the scientific activity of teachers, a rating based on the motivating factor for teachers to update their own e-
indicators of research activity defined by corporate standards portfolio profiles, create profiles in scientometric databases,
of scientific activity and digital competence—the in case of absence, update information in profiles, in
Transparency Rating (Fig. 5)—has been introduced. The particular Google Scholar, supplementing profiles with
indicators of the publication activity of teachers (number of indexed publications, disseminating research results,
publications, citation, h-index, i10-index), in particular in discussing them in the international network scientific
influential scientometric databases, are taken into account in community, thus developing skills in the use of digital
the methodologies of the most authoritative international and technologies in the organization of research and
Ukrainian educational ratings. dissemination of research results [36].
All available digital resources of the university form an
integral information infrastructure—the Digital Campus,
which provides safe and convenient access to all necessary
digital resources, protecting the personal data of users and
ensuring uninterrupted operation of systems. Information
resources in the Digital Campus are presented in the
following categories (Fig. 6):
– Digital education
– Digital science
– Digital control
– Image and Leadership
– Digital space
– Infrastructure.
Figure 5: Scheme of Transparency Rating at Borys
Grinchenko Kyiv Metropolitan University
124
Figure 6: Digital Campus Components
Digital Campus is proven to provide sufficient support for research and conference activities presented in Digital
all educational process participants. According to the Campus, and digital projects. This proves the need for the
survey of scientific and pedagogical staff members at Borys further development and expansion of the Digital campus and
Grinchenko Kyiv Metropolitan University its integration with all the university resources including
(https://forms.gle/DGiF8cg9tXcBhrYbA) aimed at studying human, digital, and physical. In the future, there is a strategic
current aspects of the university teachers’ professional vision of how the Digital Campus in the process of its
activities, 74,3% of the respondents estimate the Digital development is transformed as a component of the open
Campus as a very convenient digital environment. The level university ecosystem which is going to include human
of sufficiency of resources in Digital Campus estimated as resources, systems, and equipment and ensure security,
Excellent and Very Good by the university staff members accessibility, sustainability, implementation of innovations,
reaches the following indicators: Digital education—95,7%; etc.
Digital science—87%; Digital control—80%; Image and Therefore, we see the next important stage as the
leadership—87%; Digital space—92,8%; Infrastructure—84,3% development of the already implemented and bringing it to
(Fig. 7). a new stage—the stage of designing the open university
ecosystem, which is a complex of interacting human and
material resources, physical and virtual campuses, which
ensures the development of the university as a system as a
whole to achieve the strategic goals of the university’s
sustainable development, which is formed as a result of the
synergy of education, science, innovation, the state,
business, investors, academic community to create a value
proposition, openness, transformability and
transnationality, which corresponds to the vision
“Universities without walls: vision for 2030” of the
European Association of Universities [1], which member is
also Grinchenko University. In the context of digital
transformation, the design of the open university ecosystem
should be based on an integrated approach to cybersecurity,
considering the requirements for information security and
data privacy. Ensuring a high level of information security
is facilitated by the use of multi-level protection systems,
such as data encryption, limited access to resources,
information backup, and the introduction of modern
Figure 7: The level of resource sufficiency in Digital cybersecurity tools such as antivirus programs, firewalls,
Campus intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDS/IPS), the
implementation of a privacy policy that includes the use of
Although there is a high level of satisfaction with Digital data anonymization and minimization mechanisms,
Campus, there is room for development. Among the requests ensuring the rights of users to protect personal information
by research and teaching staff are the implementation of following the requirements of the law.
artificial intelligence and virtual reality, improvement of An indicative model of the open university ecosystem is
current research presentation on the university shown in Fig. 8.
chairs/departments, strengthening of opportunities for
125
Figure 8: Open University Ecosystem Model
The open university ecosystem model involves the abilities and backgrounds. Security refers to the physical
interaction of people, systems, and resources, and envisages security of campuses and all material resources and digital
the creation of a safe, innovative, sustainable, and integrated space security. Cybersecurity is one of the highest priority
environment that actively uses the capabilities of artificial issues in the open university ecosystem design as it ensures
intelligence. It is expected that the system will be constantly personal information security, ecosystem information
evolving under the influence of digital transformation, security, and the provision of a smooth educational process
while remaining secure and ensuring sustainable in the digital environment.
development, considering environmental, social, and
economic aspects. The open university ecosystem is a 5. Conclusions
dynamic structure that combines innovative solutions and
advanced technologies to create an effective, safe, and The strategic priorities for the digital transformation of
accessible educational environment. higher education set out in European and national
Human resources as a part of the ecosystem are regulations include infrastructure development, technology
addressed not only as people who provide the ecosystem integration, managerial digitalization, teacher competence
operation but also as ecosystem development potential. and quality assurance, and the creation of a safe and open
That means the ecosystem must include both tools to ensure educational environment. The implementation of these
high-quality work of human resources and to give priorities is key to improving the quality of education, the
opportunities for professional development. Equipment competitiveness of universities, and the readiness of
refers to the physical resources of the ecosystem including students for the digital era, which will promote wider access
infrastructure, networks, computer equipment, etc. The to education, innovative teaching methods, active student
system includes all digital resources of the university participation, enhanced research opportunities, and a
ecosystem. In the process of open university ecosystem favorable environment for cooperation and innovation.
design the main features of its operation must be kept in Designing an open university ecosystem in the context of
focus: innovation, sustainability, accessibility, and security. digital transformation requires an integrated approach to
Innovations are the driving force of ecosystem cybersecurity, constant monitoring, and adaptation to new
development. They imply technical resources, software, threats. This involves not only the implementation of
pedagogical approaches, and managerial solutions. In this technical solutions but also the development of a
context, AI should be mentioned as one of the most cybersecurity culture among all participants in the
impactful technologies of today. The development of such educational process, the development of security policies,
technologies as AI would influence higher education and and regular training. Thus, key components such as
universities must learn how to manage it and get a use of it security, innovation, sustainability and sustainable
rather than ignore it. Sustainability includes the infrastructure, accessibility, and integration of artificial
environmental, social, and economic dimensions of the open intelligence serve as the basis for the formation of an open
university ecosystem development. It ensures the long-term university ecosystem.
and cost-effective functioning of the ecosystem and its After analyzing the experience of creating various
positive impact on all stakeholders, society, and the ecosystems, including university ecosystems, which are
environment. Accessibility considers both physical and formed in the context of educational transformation, the
digital spaces of the university and provides equal strengths, and demand for university ecosystems, the authors
opportunities for study and work for people with different found the lack of a sustainable algorithm for designing a
126
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