=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=Vol-3861/paper15
|storemode=property
|title=Information technology for promoting Instagram accounts
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3861/paper15.pdf
|volume=Vol-3861
|authors=Victoria Vysotska,Mariia Nazarkevych,Serhii Vladov,Sofia Chyrun,Olga Lozynska,Tetiana Lavrut,Ihor Budz,Oleksandr Muzychuk,Olena Nagachevska,Stanislav Diakun
|dblpUrl=https://dblp.org/rec/conf/ciaw/VysotskaNVCLLBM24
}}
==Information technology for promoting Instagram accounts==
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3861/paper15.pdf
⋆
Victoria Vysotska1,†, Mariia Nazarkevych1,†, Serhii Vladov2,,†, Sofia Chyrun1,†, Olga
Lozynska1,†, Tetiana Lavrut3,,†, Ihor Budz1,†, Oleksandr Muzychuk4,,†, Olena Nagachevska1,†
and Stanislav Diakun1∗,†
1
Lviv Polytechnic National University, Stepan Bandera 12, 79013 Lviv, Ukraine
2
Kremenchuk Flight College of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs, Peremohy Street 17/6 39605
Kremenchuk, Ukraine
3
Hetman Petro Sahaidachnyi National Army Academy, Heroes of Maidan 32, 79026 Lviv, Ukraine
4
Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs, L. Landau Avenue 27 61080 Kharkiv, Ukraine
Abstract
This paper presents the design and implementation of an advanced information technology system to
optimise the promotion of Instagram accounts. The proposed system is structured to facilitate the
interaction between two primary user groups: digital marketing specialists and clients seeking promotional
services. A comprehensive analysis of existing technologies and market solutions was undertaken to ensure
the system's alignment with contemporary functional and business requirements. The system's architecture
was meticulously designed, leveraging cutting-edge web development technologies, including React for the
front-end, Node.js and Express for the back-end, and MongoDB for data management. To enhance security
and user experience, industry-standard tools such as JSON Web Tokens (JWT) for authentication and bcrypt
for encryption were integrated. This paper discusses the methodological approaches employed during
system development, focusing on the Agile model for iterative improvement and continuous testing. The
results of extensive testing demonstrate that the system satisfies all predefined performance, usability, and
security criteria. The solution offers substantial advantages, including enhanced scalability, ease of use, and
a seamless user experience, making it a valuable contribution to social media marketing. This work
underscores the significance of user-centred design in developing digital tools that cater to evolving market
demands and contribute to the broader field of information systems engineering.
Keywords
Instagram account promotion, information technology, digital marketing platform, social media
optimisation, web-based system, user engagement strategies, service marketplace, front-end and back-end development1
1. Introduction
In today's rapidly evolving digital environment, social media platforms have emerged as pivotal
channels for communication, information dissemination, and personal branding. With its visual-
centric approach and robust engagement capabilities, Instagram has become a central tool for
cultivating audiences and driving business growth. Both individuals and organisations leverage
Instagram to expand their reach, foster meaningful connections, and enhance their digital presence
in an increasingly competitive marketplace.
CIAW-2024: Computational Intelligence Application Workshop, October 10-12, 2024, Lviv, Ukraine
∗
Corresponding author.
†
These authors contributed equally.
Victoria.A.Vysotska@lpnu.ua (V. Vysotska); mariia.a.nazarkevych@lpnu.ua (M. Nazarkevych);
serhii.vladov@univd.edu.ua (S. Vladov); sofiia.chyrun.sa.2022@lpnu.ua (S. Chyrun); Olha.V.Lozynska@lpnu.ua (O.
Lozynska); Lavrut_t_v@i.ua (T. Lavrut); ihor.s.budz@lpnu.ua (I. Budz); o.muzychuk23@gmail.com (O. Muzychuk);
olena.o.nahachevska@lpnu.ua (O. Nagachevska); stanislav.diakun.mitis.2020@lpnu.ua (S. Diakun)
0000-0001-6417-3689 (V. Vysotska); 0000-0002-6528-9867 (M. Nazarkevych); 0000-0001-8009-5254 (S. Vladov); 0000-
0002-2829-0164 (S. Chyrun); 0000-0002-5079-0544 (O. Lozynska); 0000-0002-1552-9930 (T. Lavrut); 0000-0002-5400-0984 (I.
Budz); 0000-0001-8367-2504 (O. Muzychuk); 0000-0002-5200-8085 (O. Nagachevska); 0000-0001-5174-1675 (S. Diakun)
© 2024 Copyright for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
CEUR
ceur-ws.org
Workshop ISSN 1613-0073
Proceedings
This study investigates the strategies employed to promote Instagram accounts, a burgeoning
area within contemporary digital marketing. While various approaches exist, including outsourcing
to specialised agencies, leveraging automated tools, or engaging freelancers, each method presents
distinct challenges, such as cost, audience targeting, and quality control. Identifying a suitable agency
with the requisite expertise can be arduous. Automated services often fail to attract a genuinely
engaged audience, and freelance platforms necessitate manual job posting and offer evaluation.
Developing a comprehensive system is imperative to address these limitations and streamline the
Instagram account promotion process.
The primary objective of this research is to create a system that mitigates the challenges
associated with locating qualified professionals or companies to oversee Instagram promotions.
Moreover, the system seeks to facilitate the acquisition of clients for novice service providers by
enabling them to advertise their offerings. Ultimately, this system aims to bridge the gap between
clients seeking to enhance their Instagram presence and service providers capable of effectively
executing these tasks.
The object of this research is the promotion of Instagram accounts.
The subject of this research encompasses the tools and methodologies employed in designing and
developing an information system dedicated to Instagram account promotion.
The practical significance of this research resides in its potential to empower users with an
effective platform for promoting their Instagram accounts while simultaneously providing service
providers with a streamlined avenue for acquiring clients. This system could significantly enhance
the efficiency of account promotion and client-provider interactions within the social media
landscape.
2. Related works
2.1. Methodological foundations of research
The ubiquitous presence of social media platforms in contemporary society is undeniable, with a
continual surge in global user engagement observed daily. Originally conceived as communication
tools, these platforms have since evolved into complex ecosystems developed by both individuals
and organisations. Encompassing websites and mobile applications, social networks have become
indispensable conduits for widespread communication and information dissemination. Many
internet users now actively engage with social media platforms, underscoring their central role in
modern digital interactions [1].
Among the most prominent social media networks, Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter are
particularly notable, with Instagram emerging as a standout platform. As of July 2019, Instagram
reported an impressive one billion active monthly users [2], reflecting its rapid growth and
widespread appeal.
Mike Krieger and Kevin Systrom, who are from San Francisco, co-founded Instagram. Initially
launched as a location-based app named Burbn, it underwent a transformative shift to focus on media
sharing, culminating in its rebranding as Instagram. Launched in October 2010 on the Apple Store,
the platform quickly gained traction, particularly among iPhone users. In 2012, Facebook acquired
Instagram for a staggering one billion US dollars [3], marking a pivotal moment in its evolution. The
same year, Instagram expanded to Android users, further amplifying its user base [4].
Since its inception, Instagram has continued to evolve, introducing a wide range of innovative
features that cemented its position as a dominant social media platform. Users can create
personalised profiles and share various types of content, including photos, videos, Stories (ephemeral
content lasting 24 hours) [5], and IGTV (long-form videos ranging from 60 seconds to one hour) [6].
In addition to content sharing, Instagram promotes user interaction through comments and direct
messaging.
For businesses aiming to enhance their online presence, Instagram offers business profiles that
provide detailed analytics, helping companies gain real-time insights into audience engagement.
With its vast global reach and user-friendly interface, Instagram has become an indispensable tool
for businesses seeking to expand their customer base and engage with specific demographics,
enabling even small businesses to compete globally.
At the same time, there is a rising trend of individuals looking to expand their brands or Instagram
accounts. The goal for many is to eventually monetise their presence or receive products from
companies in exchange for promotional content. As their follower base grows, these users are
approached by businesses or individuals seeking to advertise their products or services. Such
advertising costs are typically determined by audience size, engagement metrics (likes and
comments), and the number of views on Stories. Some companies may even offer products in
exchange for promotion, a practice known as bartering [7].
There are various strategies for increasing an Instagram audience. One option is to post content
regularly and hope for organic growth. However, this method requires significant time and effort
without guaranteeing success, as it is uncertain whether potential customers or interested users will
see the posts.
To effectively increase audience size and attract clients, one must optimise one's profile and
launch advertising campaigns that engage the audience. An advertising campaign is a series of
actions to promote a product or service [8]. However, not all Instagram users possess the necessary
skills for this, as it requires expertise in marketing, copywriting (the ability to craft engaging content
that attracts potential customers [5]), and audience management. For this reason, many individuals
and businesses turn to specialised agencies that can leverage their experience to boost client and
follower numbers.
Freelance platforms are frequently used to find such agencies or individual professionals.
Freelancing, defined as remote work for a fee [9], allows users to post jobs and receive offers from
potential service providers.
While this system may seem efficient, a significant challenge remains: how can professionals and
companies attract clients? It highlights the need for a platform similar to freelance marketplaces but
with the added functionality for service providers to create customised packages, allowing clients to
select the services that best suit their needs.
2.2. Primary methods for popularising Instagram accounts
With the rapid rise in the popularity of social media, many social media users (including Instagram)
are seeking ways to increase their account visibility to attract more clients [10-12]. Several effective
methods can be used to grow an audience, including mass following, mass liking, giveaways,
targeting, advertising on other platforms or through influencers, and publishing high-quality
content.
Mass Following involves subscribing to numerous accounts with the expectation that those
users will follow back, thereby expanding the follower base. This method is often automated using
specialised services that perform the actions on behalf of the user, significantly enhancing efficiency.
These services typically follow accounts based on predefined criteria, such as location or competitor
audience. A similar technique is mass licking, where likes are automatically applied to selected user
posts, again based on factors like competitor audience or location.
However, it's worth noting that these strategies have become less effective due to Instagram's
restrictions on such activities. For instance, if the system detects high activity levels, such as
excessive likes or follows, it may block the account. Additionally, users have become accustomed to
receiving follows from businesses or unknown individuals, leading to a reduction in reciprocal
follows, thus diminishing the overall effectiveness of these methods.
Giveaways involve offering followers a valuable prize or personal product [13]. The account
owner sets conditions for participation, such as following the account, liking a post, leaving a
comment, or mentioning the account in their posts or stories. While this method still works, it has
become harder to attract participants, as increasingly expensive and popular prizes are required.
Furthermore, a portion of the audience often unfollows after the giveaway ends.
Targeting is another highly effective method, enabling account owners to reach a more
interested audience. Introducing business accounts on Instagram allows users to access detailed
analytics, such as the number of page visits and audience reach over specific periods. Audience
reach reflects how many users interact with the account, and targeted ads can boost these
interactions by displaying ads to selected audiences.
The audience for targeted ads can be defined using a wide range of criteria, such as location,
interests, age, gender, occupation, or even the brand and model of a user's device. This precise
targeting ensures that ads are shown to users with a genuine interest in the profile or product,
making targeting one of the most effective methods available.
When advertising on other social media platforms, selecting the right platform is critical to
driving traffic to an Instagram account. Ad placement on thematic pages in different networks can
be effective. However, it often requires significant time and effort, leading many users to rely on
specialists or services that manage such placements.
Another powerful strategy is influencer advertising, where an account with a large following
promotes your profile or product. This method can be particularly successful, as followers trust
influencers they admire, often perceiving endorsed products or profiles as high-quality or exciting.
However, identifying the right influencer and agreeing on favourable terms can be time-consuming.
In conclusion, while users can independently work on growing their Instagram audience,
understanding how each method functions—and which are worth pursuing—is essential for success.
Given the time and effort involved in executing these strategies, many users opt for the assistance
of specialised services or experts to streamline the process.
2.3. Primary methods for operating promotion systems
Increasingly, to save time and effort in studying and implementing methods for promoting Instagram
accounts, people are turning to specialists who, for a fee, can efficiently structure the process and
achieve the desired results. Currently, there are several primary methods for organising promotion
systems. These systems can be structured as freelance platforms, advertising platforms, or
automation tools. Freelancing dates back to the 10th century when soldiers, having lost their kings
or commanders in wars, offered their services to other rulers for payment. It is considered one of the
earliest examples of freelancing [14].
Numerous freelance platforms enable professionals to work remotely without leaving their
homes. However, this work mode is not suited to everyone, as it can be challenging to stay in the
same environment for extended periods without face-to-face interaction. Nonetheless, the
advantages of remote work include the opportunity to collaborate on projects from anywhere in the
world. For example, a freelancer could be on a tropical island while working on a project for a client
in Ukraine. This is why remote work is popular each year (see Fig. 1).
This chart illustrates the dynamic growth in the number of individuals engaged in remote work
in various forms. Correspondingly, the number of freelancers in the labour market has also increased.
Freelance platforms began their rapid development in the early 21st century, coinciding with the
widespread adoption of the Internet. Today, almost everyone has access to the Internet, leading many
individuals to seek employment opportunities through the World Wide Web, thereby contributing
to the expansion of freelancing.
The first freelance platform emerged in 1999, and since then, the number of such platforms has
surpassed one thousand, with some estimates suggesting that there are over 2,000 platforms
currently in operation [14]. As the number of platforms has grown, so has competition among them.
Platforms have introduced various features, premium services, and incentives to attract and retain
users to differentiate themselves from competitors.
Currently, there is a lack of specialised freelance platforms that cater exclusively to Instagram-
related tasks. Instead, general-purpose platforms are used to search for relevant professionals. It is
worth noting that, on these platforms, clients can only post job listings. From there, freelancers can
submit proposals to take on the project. No functionality allows freelancers to create profiles
featuring predefined services and pricing. Developing a platform tailored to this specific purpose
could benefit newcomers seeking their initial clients.
Many of the existing platforms offer premium accounts that provide additional benefits. For
instance, premium account holders are often afforded more visibility and more significant proposal
allowances, while regular users may face restrictions or incur additional costs. When a premium user
submits a proposal for a job, it appears at the top of the client's list, increasing the likelihood of being
noticed. Furthermore, premium accounts also inspire greater trust among potential employers,
leading to higher engagement rates.
Figure 1: Number of Remote Workers in the USA
Freelancers, therefore, can choose a platform that aligns with their specific needs. Platforms that
promise higher earnings tend to attract more professionals. However, such platforms may also
charge clients more than expected, leading them to explore other alternatives. Striking a balance
between these competing interests is vital for freelancers and clients. It is also worth mentioning
that the intense competition among freelancers presents challenges for those attempting to enter the
market. Newcomers often face difficulties demonstrating their ability to deliver high-quality work
on time. As a result, many begin by accepting lower-paying projects to build a portfolio and gain
experience.
As more companies adopt freelancing models, the number of users on these platforms is likely to
grow, further driving the expansion of the freelance sector. Another operational model gaining
traction is advertising platforms, which differ significantly from traditional freelance platforms.
Advertising exchanges arose to address the need for advertisers to promote products and services
on social media, particularly Instagram. Initially, it was impossible for advertisers to directly place
ads on Instagram, meaning they had to approach potential collaborators individually. On the other
hand, influencers and bloggers could only passively await offers, creating a bottleneck in the
advertising process.
These platforms enable users to select influencers from a pre-established list, facilitating the
promotion of products or services on their accounts. Therefore, users seeking to monetise their
influence register with the platform, while businesses looking to advertise can select bloggers
according to specific criteria. Such platforms thus serve as intermediaries, simplifying the connection
between advertisers and influencers. While placing advertisements directly on Instagram is possible,
the platform has strict guidelines regarding which products and services are eligible for promotion.
However, if an influencer posts the advertisement on their account, it is treated simply as a standard
post, circumventing the moderation process. Most of these platforms charge a commission for
facilitating transactions between users. Premium accounts are also available, offering enhanced
features as the platform specifies.
The market for advertising platforms is not particularly competitive, which can result in
inconsistent service quality. Common issues include delayed payments, difficulties with
withdrawing funds, and a lack of responsive customer support.
Automation systems, often employed by Instagram users for audience building, also play a
significant role in the promotion landscape. These systems typically offer automated services such
as mass following (massfollowing) and mass liking (massliking). These systems operate based on
user registration, linking their Instagram accounts, and selecting desired actions (e.g., massfollowing
or massliking). The process is executed according to predefined criteria, such as geographic location
or the audience of a competitor's account, allowing users to attract targeted followers. These services
generally operate on a subscription model, with varying levels of access based on the selected plan.
Some platforms support multiple accounts across various social networks. However, one issue
frequently encountered is suboptimal customer support. Users often report generic responses or lack
of resolution to their problems. Moreover, users should remember that massfollowing and massliking
are not guaranteed to increase followers substantially.
Recently, the relevance of automation systems has diminished due to the decreasing effectiveness
of massfollowing and massliking as engagement strategies. Users increasingly opt for alternative
methods, such as targeted advertising, to promote their accounts more effectively.
Instagram itself has taken steps to limit the use of automated services. The platform now
encourages organic growth through high-quality content and paid advertisements. As a
countermeasure, Instagram restricts the number of daily actions per account. Exceeding this
threshold may lead to temporary suspensions or even account bans.
In summary, various promotional strategies are available for Instagram users, each with
advantages and limitations. Users must carefully evaluate these methods, weighing the potential
costs and benefits to avoid ineffective spending and account-related issues.
2.4. Analysis of established systems
As social media platforms, including Instagram, continue to evolve rapidly, there is an increasing
demand for services that facilitate the connection between businesses and professionals seeking to
enhance their visibility or attract new clientele.
Following a comprehensive analysis of various online resources, a curated list of popular
platforms was compiled, each of which contributes, in some capacity, to address the challenges of
client acquisition for specialists in account promotion. First, we examine a prominent representative
from the traditional freelance marketplace, Upwork (Fig. 2a) [15].
Upwork (Fig. 2a) is a platform that enables users to create job listings (Fig. 2b), where they can
outline specific tasks, establish deadlines, and set a budget. Upon publishing the listing, specialists
can submit proposals in the form of comments aimed at capturing the employer's interest. The
employer selects the most compelling candidate from these proposals and initiates further
collaboration. It is worth noting that the platform does not allow users to create proposals for their
services. Another critical consideration is that Upwork imposes a commission fee when payments
are transferred to the client. The commission rate ranges from 5% to 10% of the total payment, with
a decreasing percentage applied to larger project sums [16]. This tiered approach incentivises higher-
value projects, benefiting both the platform and users engaged in more substantial contracts.
Furthermore, Upwork has introduced a fee structure for contacting employers—called "Connects"
on the platform. Users must pay a nominal fee to express interest in job postings. The cost of each
Connect is set at fifteen cents [17], which can accumulate if users apply to multiple listings. Table 1
presents an overview of the key advantages and disadvantages associated with the Upwork service.
Figure 2: Upwork Homepage and Job Posting
Table 1
Advantages and Disadvantages of the Upwork Service
Advantages Disadvantages
A vast array of job offers across diverse There is a high entry barrier, making it challenging
topics, including Instagram account for beginners to secure their first order
promotion
Convenient job posting search Commission fee of up to 20% for fund withdrawals
functionality with multiple filters
24/7 user support A charge of fifteen cents per Connect
Seamless withdrawal of funds Intense competition among freelancers, which often
leads to the misrepresentation of actual project
experience
An intuitive and user-friendly interface
Upon analysing this information, it is clear that beginners encounter significant barriers when
engaging with this platform. The intense competition and the need to pay in advance for the ability
to respond to job postings create a challenging environment for newcomers. In light of this
competition, many users may resort to providing inaccurate or exaggerated information to capture
the attention of potential employers, which can ultimately lead to the delivery of suboptimal results.
Specialised services such as Instaplus [14] are frequently utilised to promote Instagram accounts.
This platform is dedicated to enhancing the visibility of personal profiles by automating various
processes (Fig. 3). Among the critical services offered by Instaplus are mass liking (automatic liking
of posts [18]), mass following (automatic following of other users [18]), automated commenting, and
even automatic viewing of Stories. These tools streamline and expedite increasing engagement on
Instagram, offering users a hands-off approach to account growth.
It is worth noting that practices such as mass following and Instagram do not endorse mass liking.
Consequently, if suspiciously high activity levels are detected, the platform reserves the right to
suspend or block the associated account. Despite this potential risk, services of this nature remain
highly popular due to their ability to expand audience reach swiftly. However, it is essential to
acknowledge that the audience generated through such methods is not targeted, with most users
unlikely to exhibit genuine interest in the offered product or service.
Instaplus provides four subscription tiers (Fig. 7). The first option enables users to manage a single
account for thirty days, while subsequent plans facilitate the simultaneous management of up to five
accounts. The subscription periods vary, ranging from seven to sixty days, offering flexibility in
engagement duration. Additionally, the service offers a five-day free trial for users to test its
functionality. Table 2 presents the advantages and disadvantages of the Instaplus service.
Figure 3: Instaplus Homepage
Figure 4: Types of Subscription Plans
Table 2
Advantages and Disadvantages of Instaplus Service
Advantages Disadvantages
Five-day free trial period Risk of Instagram account suspension
User-friendly interface Difficulty in managing tasks as they cannot be named
24/7 customer support Lack of analytics, making it challenging to assess the
effectiveness of the service
Capability to manage up to five
accounts simultaneously
High speed of order execution
Analysis of the presented information suggests that this service rapidly increases the
popularity of personal Instagram accounts. However, it is essential to note that such activities can
result in the suspension of the account due to the high volume of actions performed in a short period.
Therefore, for sustainable and risk-free promotion of Instagram profiles, it is advisable to rely on
traditional methods, such as engaging with specialised companies or professionals.
Attention should also be drawn to the Ukrainian service Freelance.ua [19], which presents an
alternative for effective account promotion. The homepage of the service is depicted in Fig. 5.
This platform enables users to create job postings where they can detail the requirements and set
a price for the task. Freelance.ua offers the flexibility to work on either permanent positions or one-
off projects. The platform features a wide variety of specialisations and many available jobs. The user
interface is intuitive, making it easy to navigate the platform. Additionally, projects can be sorted by
specialisation, streamlining the process for freelancers to find relevant jobs. Employers also can set
a deadline by which their project will be visible to potential freelancers. An important feature of this
service is its "safe transaction" option, which ensures that the platform holds the payment until the
job is successfully completed. If the job is not completed as agreed, the payment is returned to the
employer. However, it is worth noting that the platform charges a fee for this service, ranging from
15 to 30 UAH for projects with a budget of up to 300 UAH and between 8-10% for projects exceeding
this amount [20].
A significant advantage of Freelance.ua is that it charges no commission on freelancer payments,
though if the funds are refunded to the employer, a 3.25% fee is applied [20]. Additionally, users can
purchase a Pro account, which allows unlimited applications to projects and increases the
freelancer's rating by 25%. This Pro account also boosts the chances of being selected by employers,
enhancing the freelancer's credibility [21].
Figure 5: Homepage of the Freelance.ua Service
Table 3 provides an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of the Freelance.ua service.
Table 3
Advantages and disadvantages of Freelance.ua Service
Advantages Disadvantages
User-friendly interface Relatively high commission (8-9%) for large projects when
using the "secure agreement."
Wide variety of specialisations Lack of a page with answers to frequently asked questions
and projects
No commission on fund The commission fee for refunding funds to the client exceeds
withdrawals three per cent.
Guaranteed payment for
completed tasks
Presence of freelancer ratings
Analysis of the above data reveals several important conclusions: the service is oriented towards
the Ukrainian market, which inherently resolves the language barrier between clients and service
providers. Another significant advantage is the absence of commission fees during the withdrawal
of funds, a feature particularly beneficial for beginners. The user interface is also highly intuitive and
user-friendly, enhancing the overall user experience.
However, a notable drawback is the lack of a dedicated page addressing frequently asked
questions. While this may be a technical oversight that could be rectified in the future, it remains a
critical issue. This might not be as pressing for a smaller platform, but for a service of this scale, it is
an essential feature to improve user satisfaction and facilitate smoother interactions.
3. Methods and means selection
3.1. Analysis of the Subject Area
System design entails the identification of the system's primary objectives, processes, and functions.
Upon defining these foundational elements, the design process can be initiated. Critical quality
attributes such as performance and efficiency must be considered for the second aspect of the
system's development. To effectively achieve this, the following sub-objectives must be addressed
[22-30]:
The establishment of a task hierarchy outlines the critical tasks the system will address,
defines the functions it will perform, and specifies the internal processes that will be executed
within the system's framework.
Development of a context diagram (DFD) serves as a tool to decompose system
requirements into interconnected processes represented through data flows [31]. This
diagram provides a high-level overview of the system's operations and interactions.
A relative importance hierarchy for criteria for a detailed analysis of all requirements
must be constructed, and a clear, logical hierarchy should be constructed to facilitate the
accurate and effective implementation of the system.
The third critical aspect of successful system implementation is the actual realisation phase. For
an effective implementation, meeting criteria such as user-friendliness and reliability is essential.
The system must ensure uninterrupted operation and provide an intuitive user interface. To achieve
these objectives, the following sub-goals must be addressed:
Selection of appropriate implementation tools. A thorough evaluation of existing tools
and technologies is necessary to identify the most suitable options to fulfil the system's
requirements. These methods must be cutting-edge as technology evolves rapidly, becoming
more robust, reliable, and secure.
Correct system implementation using the selected technologies is paramount. The system
must comply with all predefined criteria and deliver the intended functionalities effectively.
The final product testing and validation is not the final step. Rigorous testing is required
to identify potential errors or discrepancies, which must be rectified before final deployment.
From an automation perspective, systems can be categorised as informational-reference,
informational-search, informational-management, decision support, and intelligent systems [32]:
Informational reference systems are designed to perform arithmetic functions based on
retrieved data.
Informational-search systems focus on solving information retrieval tasks.
Informational management systems are used to automate management functions.
Decision support systems are interactive systems that aid decision-making processes by
supporting various activities.
Intelligent systems are built upon computational technologies that simulate problem-solving
processes, imitating human-like intelligence.
Within the broader categories of decision support and intelligent systems, further distinctions
can be made:
Intelligent informational-search systems empower non-programming end-users to interact
with databases using natural or near-natural language interfaces.
Computational-logical systems allow non-programmers to solve complex problems in
collaboration with electronic operations management (EOM) systems using various advanced
techniques and tools.
Expert systems facilitate the computerisation of various domains where mathematical models
are either impossible or highly complex.
The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method has been chosen to analyse and select the
appropriate information system type for promoting Instagram accounts. Four distinct system types
have been considered as alternatives: Informational-reference system (A1), Informational-search
system (A2), Informational-management system (A3), and Intelligent informational-search system
(A4). To select the optimal system type, the following quality criteria have been established:
Relevance (K1), Completeness of research (K2), Quality (K3), Performance (K4), Ease of use (K5), and
Reliability (K6). The subsequent step involves constructing pairwise comparison matrices for both
the quality criteria and the alternatives, allowing for calculating eigenvalues (EV) and vectors (VV).
An established scale of relative importance priorities will be employed for the expert evaluation. This
scale is presented in Table 4.
Table 4
Priority Relative Importance Scale
Value Quality Characteristic
1 Equal elements
2 Insignificant priority
3 Weak priority
4 Moderate priority
5 Significant priority
6 Substantial priority
7 Strong priority
8 Very strong priority
9 Absolute priority
In the next matrix (the criteria matrix), the relative importance of the criteria compared to others
is shown.
To calculate the eigenvalues, the following formula is used:
ВЧ = (0.31; 0.38; 2.22; 2.58; 0.93; 1.49). To calculate the eigenvectors, the following formula is used:
ВВ = (0.03; 0.04; 0.3; 0.28; 0.11; 0.18). At the next stage, it is necessary to construct the pairwise
comparison matrices of the alternatives for each criterion relative to the primary goal. Criterion for
"Relevance":
ВЧ = (0.68; 2.05; 0.53; 1.31) and ВВ = (0.14; 0.44; 0.11; 0.28). Criterion for "Completeness of the study":
ВЧ = (0.7; 2.21; 0.63; 1.31) and ВВ = (0.14; 0.45; 0.12; 0.28). Criterion for "Quality":
ВЧ = (0.48; 2.34; 0.84; 1.31) and ВВ = (0.09; 0.47; 0.16; 0.26). Criterion for "Productivity":
ВЧ = (0.48; 1.00; 1.31; 1.86) and ВВ = (0.1; 0.21; 0.28; 0.4). Criterion for "Ease of Use":
ВЧ = (0.42; 1.49; 1.18; 1.18) and ВВ = (0.09; 0.34; 0.22; 0.27). Criterion for "Reliability":
ВЧ = (0.42; 1.18; 1.86; 1.05) and ВВ = (0.09; 0.26; 0.41; 0.23). Relative to the main objective:
ВЧ = (0.33; 1.05; 2.11; 1.31) and ВВ = (0.06; 0.21; 0.43; 0.27). The next step involves constructing the
alternative comparison matrix. It is also necessary to determine the type of information system that
will be used to promote Instagram accounts. The subsequent step is to present the alternative
comparison matrix.
Generalised priorities are (0.1; 0.36; 0.22; 0.28). As a result of the hierarchy analysis, the following
priorities were obtained: 0.1 for the informational-reference system, 0.36 for the informational-
search system, 0.22 for the informational-management system, and 0.28 for the intellectual
informational-search system. The highest priority is given to the informational-search system.
3.2. Business process modeling
A context diagram has been used to model the business processes of the Instagram account
promotion system. The diagram is shown in Figure 6. The diagram depicts the primary process
"Promote Instagram Account" alongside two key entities: User and Administrator. The User initiates
the process by submitting authorisation credentials to the system, verifying the information and
returning either a positive or negative response. Following this, the User selects the account type,
which can be either Client or Performer. The client can submit a query to search for the desired offer,
after which search results are returned. The next step involves selecting an offer, wherein the User
submits a request to the system, allowing them to choose a suitable offer. After this selection, the
User provides Instagram account details, and the system delivers the outcome as a promoted account.
The Performer is empowered to create a new offer, after which a confirmation request is sent. The
User then receives a response, either positive or negative. Once the Client selects the service and
submits the account information, the Performer receives the account details and proceeds to fulfil
the order. Upon completion, the Performer returns the promoted account.
Figure 6: Context diagram
The next phase involves a detailed breakdown of the initial diagram (Figure 7).
Figure 7: Detailed Data Flow Diagram (Level 1 Decomposition)
The primary process outlined in the previous diagram consists of six subprocesses: Authenticate,
Add New Offers, Process and Notify Results, Process Information Search Request, Select an Offer,
Promote Instagram Account. The Authorize process is responsible for system authentication. As
input, it receives authentication data and selects the user type. The output includes user information,
authorisation status (successful/unsuccessful), selected type, information on possible offers, and a
request for an offer search. The Add New Offers process receives as input possible offer data and a
request to add an offer. The output is a confirmation request for the offer. It processes the data and
sends a request to the administrator. The Process and Notify Result process receives the confirmation
request for the offer as input. The output includes new offer data and confirmation information
(successful/unsuccessful). The administrator receives the request, processes it, and then sends the
result. The Process Offer Search Request process receives an offer search request as input. The output
consists of offer information and offer data. This process searches for offers based on the request and
then sends the results. The Select Offer process receives offer data input, with Instagram account
data as the output. This process receives the offer search results, after which the user selects the
required offer and submits the Instagram account.
Figure 8: Detailed Data Flow Diagram for the "Authorize" Process
Figure 9: Detailed Data Flow Diagram for the "Process Information Search Request" Process
The Promote Instagram Account process receives the Instagram account data as input and
outputs the promoted Instagram account. In this process, the performer receives the account data,
promotes it, and sends the promoted account as a result. The next step is to detail these processes.
Figure 8 shows the breakdown of the Authorize process.
During the authorisation process, the user enters their personal information. They then need to
select an account type: client or performer. Depending on the chosen account type, the user will have
different functionalities. The user's information is then sent to the data repository. Simultaneously,
a request is formed, and a token is created, which will be used to verify that the user is authorised.
After that, the request processing result is sent to the user. Depending on the account type, the user
sends a request to search for an offer or creates a new one.
Figure 9 shows the breakdown of the Process Offer Search Request process.
The system generates a list of all available offers, after which the user performs a search for the
desired offer using keywords. The formed results list is sent to the user and displayed on their screen.
3.3. Modelling of project requirements
Business Requirements:
Increase the visibility of Instagram accounts for businesses and brands;
Attract new followers and clients through the Instagram platform;
Maintain activity and interaction with the audience on Instagram;
Analyse and report on the results of account promotion.
User Requirements:
Simple and intuitive interface for setting up account promotion;
Ability to specify target audience and interests for attracting followers;
Ability to schedule posts and automatically publish them on Instagram;
Ability to view statistics and analyse the promotion results.
Functional Requirements:
Automatic publication of content on Instagram according to the set schedule;
Support for various types of content, such as photos, videos, and stories;
Ability to apply filters and image processing before publication;
Capability for interaction with followers, including liking, commenting, and replying to
messages.
Non-Functional Requirements:
High system speed and reliability;
Ensuring the security of user data, including passwords and access to Instagram accounts;
Support various devices and platforms, such as computers, smartphones, and tablets;
Compatibility with the latest versions of the Instagram API and other web service.
3.4. Formation and justification of the task
Project Objective. The system's primary objective is to address the challenges of sourcing companies
or specialists to fulfil specific orders. In addition, the system seeks to resolve the difficulty of
acquiring new clients, particularly for novices, who will be responsible for posting ads offering their
services. Ultimately, the system is designed to facilitate the promotion of Instagram accounts by
seamlessly connecting clients with service providers.
Project Purpose. This project is tailored for freelancers in search of clients, as well as for clients
seeking service providers with specific expertise.
Application Scope. The system can be leveraged by brands and businesses aiming to increase their
audience reach and visibility. It is also suited for freelancers who wish to expand their client base.
Expected Benefits from Project Implementation. The anticipated benefits from implementing this
project include empowering users to enhance the visibility and popularity of their Instagram
accounts while providing service providers with a streamlined platform to connect with potential
clients.
3.5. Selection and justification of technological tools for solving the problem
The Instagram account promotion system is best realised as a web application to ensure accessibility,
versatility, and user-centric design. This approach guarantees the system is platform-agnostic,
allowing seamless interaction from various devices with internet access. The next crucial decision in
the development process involves selecting the appropriate technological stack and development
environment.
For this system's front-end development, several frameworks and libraries can be considered. The
most widely adopted and practical tools for constructing dynamic, responsive, and user-friendly web
applications are Angular, Vue.js, and React.
Angular is a robust, open-source front-end framework designed to build dynamic and scalable
web applications [33]. This framework extends HTML's functionality, allowing for the seamless
rendering of dynamic content. Angular is highly regarded for its capacity to handle complex and
enterprise-level applications easily. However, it presents a steeper learning curve due to its intricate
structure and dependency management, which may pose challenges for novice developers.
Vue.js is a progressive JavaScript framework that facilitates the development of modern web
applications [34]. It is lighter and more approachable than Angular, making it easier for developers
to learn and implement effectively. Vue.js provides high performance, emphasising simplicity and
modularity, making it ideal for smaller and medium-sized systems. Despite its rapid growth in
popularity, Vue.js is less widely adopted than Angular and React in enterprise settings.
React is a JavaScript library designed for building user interfaces emphasising component
reusability [35]. Its component-based architecture allows developers to build complex user interfaces
incrementally, leveraging isolated components that manage their state. React is renowned for its
flexibility, scalability, and efficiency in managing dynamic content and interactions. By the end of
2019, React had surpassed both Angular and Vue.js in terms of usage and popularity within the
development community [36], as illustrated by the data presented in Figure 10. Among the options
above, React was selected as the front-end technology for developing the Instagram promotion
system. This choice is predicated on several factors. First, React's component-based architecture
aligns well with the need for modularity and maintainability in developing complex, dynamic
applications. Second, React's widespread adoption ensures a robust ecosystem of libraries, tools, and
community support, which enhances productivity and long-term sustainability. Finally, React's
flexibility allows for seamless integration with other technologies and frameworks, making it an
ideal choice for constructing an advanced, scalable web application tailored to this project's
requirements. In summary, React's balance of performance, modularity, and developer support
makes it the most suitable choice for front-end development in this context. Among these three
options, React was chosen, considering its frequent use in web application development and its
ability to work with individual components and construct the required interface from them.
It is worth noting that React is a JavaScript library, which requires a sufficient level of proficiency
in this programming language. JavaScript (JS) is a programming language that is compiled during
execution. JavaScript is widely known as a scripting language for writing web pages and is also used
in non-browser environments, such as Node.js and others [37]. Additionally, JS is an object-oriented
and dynamic programming language. It enables interaction with the user on the client side, data
exchange with the server, and the page's appearance modification.
Figure 10: Number of Open Vacancies
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is the language used for creating web pages and for their
visual presentation [38]. HTML is the foundation of every web page on the Internet. It describes the
structure of the web page and the semantics of the web document content. The page's content is
marked up using tags that represent HTML elements.
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a stylesheet language used to describe how elements should
appear on the user's screen [39]. There are currently three versions: CSS1, CSS2.1, and CSS3. CSS1 is
now considered outdated, CSS2.1 is recommended, but CSS3 is the most commonly used version in
developing new applications due to its wide range of capabilities.
Axios is an HTTP client for browsers and Node.js [40]. It is used for communication between the
front-end and back-end. Using this client, data can be transmitted and received from the server. It
also includes automatic transformation for JSON data. Axios reduces the need to write large amounts
of boilerplate code, making the code more understandable. Additionally, Axios allows tracking the
process of material uploads to the server.
Bootstrap is an open-source toolkit that enables development using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript
[41]. Essentially, Bootstrap allows HTML to be styled using pre-made templates. It significantly
simplifies and accelerates the development of web pages. The latest version of Bootstrap, Bootstrap
4, greatly extends its capabilities.
Body parser is middleware that allows access to data in a request's body. Accordingly, it enables
the retrieval of data from the server-side of the application.
AOS (Animate on Scroll) is a simple library for implementing animations on web pages [42]. It
enables creating effects where elements appear as the page is scrolled.
JSX is a syntax extension for JavaScript [43]. JSX creates React elements. This syntax is
recommended when working with React.js. JSX allows for the combination of page layout and logic
into one file, making web development easier. It enables the page to be divided into individual blocks
– components. React itself does not require the use of JSX, but most developers prefer this syntax.
Font Awesome is a set of fonts and icons used on web pages. It was originally created for use with
Bootstrap, and later this set was added to BootstrapCDN. Font Awesome is designed to be used with
embedded elements, typically within the tag.
For the server-side development of the web application, Node.js proves to be an excellent choice.
Node.js is an open-source JavaScript runtime environment [44] that has gained widespread
popularity in software development. It enables developers to write server-side code using JavaScript,
utilising the V8 engine, which Google initially developed. One of the key features of Node.js is its
asynchronous execution model, which ensures efficient handling of parallel requests. In essence,
Node.js shares similarities with frameworks such as Ruby Event Machine, Python Twisted, and Perl
AnyEvent. It is important to note that the event-driven processing loop in Node.js operates behind
the scenes, abstracting away much of the complexity from the developer.
Express is a highly flexible and minimalist framework designed specifically for Node.js
applications [45]. It offers a comprehensive set of features for building robust web applications.
Although Express remains relatively minimalistic, the developer ecosystem around it has flourished,
resulting in an abundance of middleware packages catering to a wide variety of use cases. However,
it is worth mentioning that the vast array of available packages can make it challenging to choose
the most suitable one for a given task. Furthermore, Express does not enforce a strict structure for
application architecture, offering developers the freedom to design their applications as they see fit.
Express's continued popularity ensures ongoing community support and development, facilitating
the integration of new features and improvements.
MongoDB, a distributed, document-based database, is designed to handle modern applications
and cloud technologies with exceptional efficiency [46]. It stores data in a flexible, JSON-like format,
offering high scalability and flexibility. MongoDB eliminates the need for predefined schema
structures, allowing for dynamic and unstructured data storage. The database is optimised for
handling large binary objects and provides robust indexing and dynamic querying support, making
it ideal for complex data sets and real-time applications.
JSON Web Token (JWT) is a widely adopted open standard that facilitates the creation of access
tokens in JSON format [47]. These tokens are often used for secure user authentication in client-
server applications. JWT tokens are generated on the server side, signed with a secret key, and then
sent to the client, who uses the token to authenticate their identity when making subsequent
requests.
Bcrypt is a popular library used for password hashing and encryption [48]. It provides a secure
mechanism for generating cryptographic keys used to store sensitive information, such as
passwords. Bcrypt employs salt to defend against dictionary and brute-force attacks, enhancing
security by ensuring that identical passwords are not stored similarly. Each password is hashed with
a unique salt, further obfuscating the data. Bcrypt utilises the Blowfish cipher, known for its robust
encryption and secure key preparation process, setting it apart from other hashing algorithms.
Multer is an efficient middleware for handling file uploads within Node.js applications [49]. It is
particularly suited for processing multipart/form-data requests, which are typically used for file
uploads. Multer parses the incoming request, appending the uploaded file or files as objects to the
request object, making it easy for developers to process uploaded content. It is worth noting that
Multer does not handle any other data types apart from file uploads, keeping its scope focused on
this critical functionality.
Path is a core Node.js module that provides a powerful set of utilities for working with file and
directory paths [50]. Developers can leverage Path to determine the appropriate storage paths for
files uploaded via forms, ensuring seamless and reliable file handling throughout the application.
Visual Studio Code (VS Code) was chosen as the application's integrated development
environment (IDE). VS Code offers a comprehensive set of features that streamline the development
workflow. It includes built-in terminals for executing applications and installing necessary libraries
and packages. Its syntax highlighting capabilities enhance readability and code comprehension,
while intelligent auto-completion based on variables, functions, and imported modules boost
productivity. One of the standout features of VS Code is its real-time error detection, which flags
issues as code is written, eliminating the need to run the program to identify errors and significantly
accelerating the debugging process.
Furthermore, VS Code boasts a rich ecosystem of extensions, enabling developers to customise
and optimise their workflow according to specific programming languages and frameworks. A key
advantage of VS Code is its seamless integration with Microsoft Azure, empowering developers to
easily deploy applications built with React, Angular, Node, Vue, and other frameworks [50]. This
integration offers a powerful platform for cloud-based development, allowing for scalable and high-
performance web applications.
4. Experiments, results and discussion
4.1. Description of the developed software
4.1.1. General information about the application
The "InstaLation" website is designed to promote Instagram accounts by connecting field specialists
with clients seeking account promotion services. The application is implemented using the JavaScript
library React and the Express framework for server-side operations. MongoDB is the database to
store essential data for the application's functionality.
4.1.2. Database structure
For this website, MongoDB serves as the underlying database. It consists of the following collections:
employers, seekers, jobs, tokens, companies, and accounts.
The Employers table contains data about users who act as specialists. It includes the following
fields: _id, username, email, password, role, createdAt, updatedAt.
The Seekers table stores information about users who act as individuals needing account
promotion. This table contains _id, username, email, password, dateofbirth, role, image, jobs,
createdAt, updatedAt. The jobs field is an array of objects that holds the _id of the offers selected by
the user.
The Companies table stores information about the user-created company profile that provides
services. It includes the following fields: _id, address, phone, website, description, image, user_id,
createdAt, updatedAt. The user_id field links this table with the Employers table.
The Jobs table contains information about job offers created by users. It includes the following
fields: title, description, category, experience, salary, status, user_id, company_name, isDeleted,
createdAt, updatedAt. The user_id field links this table with the Employers table, and the
company_name field links to the Companies table.
The Tokens table contains the fields _id, token, createdAt, updatedAt. It stores the user's token
when they log out of the system. Later, when checking whether the user is authorised, the user's
token is compared with the token in this table to prevent unauthorised users from accessing certain
site pages.
The Accounts table contains data about Instagram accounts added by the client. It includes the
following fields: _id, accountname, password, user_id, createdAt, updatedAt.
It is important to note that the fields _id, createdAt, updatedAt are created automatically in all
tables.
The structure of the database is shown in Figure 11.
4.1.3. Database structure
This software product encompasses two primary categories of users: service providers and service
recipients, with an additional role designated for the administrator.
A service provider may register to access detailed information about their company. Upon
completing this step, they create listings for each service they offer, specifying key details such as
their experience, the anticipated compensation for successful completion, and other relevant criteria.
Service providers are also afforded the ability to review and deactivate their listings if necessary.
Furthermore, the system displays a list of users who have selected a particular service.
A user seeking to promote their Instagram account must first undergo registration. Once
registered, they can supplement or update their profile as needed. They are also allowed to browse
through all available service listings and perform searches to identify the most relevant options. The
user can add their Instagram account, which they wish to promote and review a list of the services
to which they have subscribed.
Figure 11: Database structure
The administrator assumes a supervisory role, ensuring all listings adhere to appropriate content
standards. Should any listings contain unsuitable information, the administrator can deactivate them,
preventing them from appearing in search results and rendering them inaccessible to users.
4.1.4. Description of the website's logical structure
The website's structure is a web, enabling navigation between pages through various pathways. The
website features a main page with the core content, a header and a footer. Through the header, users
can access the login or registration pages. Once authenticated, users, depending on their role, can
use the header to navigate to the page to create listings or view their profile. On all main pages,
except the homepage, users are provided with a left-hand menu that allows them to quickly access
the relevant pages.
4.1.5. Technical requirements for implemented technologies
To ensure the proper functioning of the website, the following software is required:
Internet Explorer 10+;
Firefox 21+;
Chrome 23+;
Safari 6+;
Opera 15+;
Android Browser 4.4+.
4.1.6. Hosting and Deployment
For complete website functionality, hosting space must be purchased. The hosting environment
should have Node.js and the npm package manager installed. Additionally, a connection to the
database is required to perform basic operations with the necessary data. Upon completing these
steps, the website will be accessible to all users.
4.1.7. Input and Output Data
The system receives the following input data:
Personal information of users;
Instagram account data;
Service details.
The system outputs the following Instagram account information.
4.2. Analysis of the Control Example
The outcomes of its implementation are presented below to substantiate the system's functionality.
Figure 12 shows a segment of the homepage. Positioned at the top is the footer, featuring two links:
for customer—registration for clients, and performer—registration for service providers. The "login"
button redirects users to the login page, irrespective of their role.
Figure 12: Fragment of the Homepage
Figure 13: Registration forms a) for the Customer, b) for the Performer and c) Login Form
Figure 14: Header for a) the Customer and b) the Performer
Figure 15: Profile Management Page
The "Find" field allows users to search for offers by title. The "Recent offers" section lists the four
most recent proposals. Users are directed to a page with more detailed information by selecting an
offer. Clicking on "Show more" redirects to a comprehensive page listing all available offers. Figure
13 presents the registration forms for both clients and performers.
After entering all the required data and clicking the Sign Up button, a new record is created in
the data storage, where the information is saved. Figure 13c shows the login form. After entering the
credentials, the data is sent to the server, which is verified against existing records in the data storage.
Upon successful verification, the user is assigned a token, which allows them to pass authentication
when accessing certain pages. If the user is not yet registered, they can click Sign Up As Customer
or Sign Up As Performer to register in the system. After a successful login, the header changes for
both types of users. For the customer (Figure 14a), navigating to the profile page and logging out
becomes available. For the performer (Figure 14b), the option to create an offer and log out appears.
After logging in, the performer can add and edit information (Figure 15) about their company, as
they will fulfil orders under the company's name. The information that can be updated includes the
address, phone number, website, and detailed personal information. Additionally, the company logo
can be updated. If no logo is provided, a default logo is displayed.
Upon clicking Create an offer, a page with a form for creating a new offer is displayed (Figure
16a). On this page, all necessary data for the offer is entered: title, description, category, years of
experience, and expected salary. The data is then saved to the database. Upon clicking My Offers, a
list of created offers will appear (Figure 16b). Detailed information can be viewed by clicking Read.
To remove an offer from the database, click the Delete button. If an offer needs to be deactivated (i.e.,
to prevent it from appearing in search results for clients), click the live label, which will change to
"draft". To reactivate it, simply click on "draft" again.
Figure 16: a) Offer Creation Page and b) Created Offers Viewing Page
To view the list of users who want a particular service to be performed, click on "Who Applied"
(Fig. 17a). When clicking on a service, a list of clients who need the service performed will open. The
email for direct contact is also provided, along with the service status. Clicking on the status changes
it to "Done," indicating that the service has been completed. A similar status is displayed for the
client. Upon logging in as a client, the user can edit and view their profile information (Fig. 17b).
They can also change their profile picture.
Upon clicking All Offers, users gain access to a comprehensive list of all created offers (Fig. 18)
and can conduct a search for specific services (Fig. 19). By selecting a service users can navigate to
the information page (Fig. 20) and place a request for its execution.
Upon selecting the "Accounts" option from the menu, a form is displayed where users can input
the details of the account to be promoted (Fig. 21a). Additionally, users can review the list of
previously added accounts and remove any account by selecting the "Delete" button.
In this system, an administrator acts as a moderator, ensuring no irrelevant information is present
in the created offers. Figure 21b shows the page where all created offers are displayed. The
administrator can view the details by clicking the "Read" button and modify the status of an offer,
thus deciding whether it will be available to clients. If the administrator clicks the "Delete" button,
the offer is moved to the Trash page (Figure 21c), making it inaccessible to clients and performers.
By clicking "Restore," the offer becomes available again.
Figure 17: Page for Viewing Services to Be Performed and Client Profile Edit Page
Figure 18: Service search page
Figure 19: Service search
Figure 20: Service information
Figure 21: Page of a) Added accounts, b) Service List Viewing and c) Deleted Services Viewing
4.3. Project testing
The developed project fully complies with all established requirements. The specified technological,
environmental, and development tool standards have been met. Furthermore, the project adheres to
industry best practices and relevant standards. Both functional and business requirements have been
successfully fulfilled. The tools developed within the project are proficient in executing all designated
tasks. The performer is empowered to connect with clients, while the client can promote their
Instagram account effectively.
4.4. Deployment (implementation) of the project
A comprehensive guide has been created for this project.
Introduction. This website is designed to promote Instagram accounts by engaging two distinct
user groups: promotion specialists and individuals in need of such services. The platform also helps
beginners and small businesses find clients, as they will be the ones creating ads showcasing available
services.
General Information about the Software. The software product is named "InstaLation," and it is
implemented as a web-based platform. For front-end development, the following technologies were
used React, HTML, CSS, Bootstrap, JSX, Axios, AOS, and Font Awesome. Node.js, Express,
Jsonwebtoken, Mongoose, Bcrypt, Body-Parser, Multer, and Path were employed for back-end
development. The application is compatible with all major browsers across all platforms.
Problem-Solving Capabilities. "InstaLation" addresses two core objectives: promoting Instagram
accounts and enabling specialists and companies to attract clients. The performer can create a list of
services related to Instagram account promotion, thereby attracting potential clients. The client can
select the desired promotional service from the available options. Ultimately, the client receives a
promoted Instagram account.
The application features include:
User authentication (registration and login),
User type selection,
Profile editing,
The ability to create, deactivate, and delete service offers,
The option to search for services via keyword search.
Description of Key Characteristics and Features. This software product, when deployed on hosting,
operates 24/7. It is essential to note that the service will be inaccessible if an issue arises with the
hosting. Continuous internet connectivity is required to use the service, and network problems may
result in unstable app performance. Additionally, the application does not support older browser
versions that do not comply with the ECMAScript 5 specification.
Functional Limitations and Usage Restrictions. To ensure proper functionality, a browser that
supports ECMAScript 5 is required. A stable internet connection is also essential for the application's
operation. Peripheral input and data display devices are necessary to interact with the web
application. Key software requirements include having Windows 7+, iOS 7+, or Android 4.1+
operating systems.
5. Conclusions
The project successfully developed and implemented an information system designed to enhance the
popularity of Instagram accounts. A comprehensive review of literature sources was undertaken,
followed by a detailed system analysis, selection of appropriate technical tools, system
implementation, and a thorough economic justification for the system's feasibility.
In the initial stage, a detailed examination of existing literature was conducted to deepen the
understanding of the problem. Furthermore, an analysis of existing software solutions was
performed, identifying the strengths and limitations of each approach.
Based on this analysis, a selection of services to enhance the popularity of Instagram accounts
was developed. Key advantages and disadvantages of these services were identified. The findings
lead to the conclusion that developing an information system for promoting Instagram accounts is
both a viable and pertinent undertaking. This system addresses the challenge companies or account
promotion specialists face in creating service offerings. As a result, it empowers individuals seeking
to expand their account's audience by allowing them to select the most suitable company or
specialist.
In the second stage, the Instagram account promotion information system was designed. Using a
hierarchical method, the system type was determined. A context diagram illustrating the system's
interactions was created, and a process decomposition was carried out. A comprehensive list of
business, user, functional, and non-functional requirements was compiled.
In the third stage, a rigorous analysis of the necessary technical tools for implementing the system
as a web-based platform was conducted. The following tools were selected: for front-end
development—React, HTML, CSS, Bootstrap, JSX, Axios, AOS, Font Awesome; and for back-end
development—Node.js, Express, Jsonwebtoken, Mongoose, Bcrypt, Body-parser, Multer, Path. Visual
Studio Code was chosen as the primary code editor.
The software product was meticulously described by established standards during the fourth
stage. Detailed information was provided regarding the general characteristics of the software
product, its functional purpose, database structure, logical architecture, technical components,
invocation and loading procedures, and input and output data. A control example was analysed,
demonstrating that the software product is fully operational and meets the objectives outlined in the
initial project requirements.
Finally, in the fifth stage, comprehensive testing of the project was conducted, followed by the
creating a detailed user manual. The manual outlines the key features of the software, its system
requirements, and functional limitations. This documentation ensures that users can effectively
operate the system and understand its functionalities.
Acknowledgement
The research was carried out with the grant support of the National Research Fund of Ukraine
"Information system development for automatic detection of misinformation sources and inauthentic
behaviour of chat users", project registration number 187/0012 from 1/08/2024 (2023.04/0012).
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