Triple: improving data interoperability and federation across RDF knowledge graphs and Solid Pods Jerven Bolleman jerven.bolleman@sib.swiss 1 2 Elias Crum elias.crum@ugent.be 0 2 Iulian Dragan iulian.dragan@sib.swiss 1 2 Jakub Galgonek jakub.galgonek@uochb.cas.cz 2 Mark Ibberson mark.ibberson@sin.swiss 1 2 Tarcisio Mendes de Farias tarcisio.medes@sib.swiss 1 2 Marek Moos marek.moos@uochb.cas.cz 2 Marco Pagni marco.pagni@sib.swiss 1 2 Ruben Taelman ruben.taelman@UGent.be 0 2 Jiří Vondrášek 2 Ana Claudia Sima ana-claudia.sima@sib.swiss 1 2 federated SPARQL 2 Solid Pods 2 Open Research Data 2 Ghent University SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics The TRIPLE project, a collaborative efort between the SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, the University 2024

of Ghent and the IOCB Prague, aims to boost the (re)usability of existing knowledge graph resources and improve software tools for RDF data access, documentation and data model visualization. In addition, TRIPLE will increase interoperability between existing public SPARQL endpoints and private data stored in Solid Pods, thus creating an ecosystem of research data that can be seamlessly integrated through eficient and expressive federated SPARQL queries.

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(A. C. Sima) private data, such as preliminary, unpublished results. The TRIPLE project, a collaborative efort between the SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, the University of Ghent and the IOCB Prague, will address these challenges by developing innovative solutions on four fronts: 1. Storing private (unpublished) data in Solid [ 1 ] Pods, an emerging technology enabling decentralised data vaults to host private RDF endpoints, execute federated SPARQL queries and cache results. 2. Optimising federated queries spanning public and private SPARQL endpoints allowing users to query multiple resources from within their Solid Pod. 3. Adapting state-of-the-art RDF documentation tools and making them available for all

SPARQL endpoints, including Solid Pods. 4. Developing data model visualisations, sets of standardised federated queries, and query analysis tools to help users understand the data and run eficient federated queries.

Finally, a demonstrator will show the impact of these advances when applied to a technically challenging use case of scientific relevance: the search for suitable organisms for bioremediation 1. The components and data flow in the TRIPLE system architecture are illustrated in Figure 1. The TRIPLE project will improve the (re)usability of existing knowledge graph resources and software tools to access them. In doing so, TRIPLE will create conditions for reproducible research in any domain based on open or shared data and software. Furthermore, the interoperability with Solid Pods will enable researchers to integrate their data with knowledge graphs. Acknowledgments We acknowledge support from the CHIST-ERA Open Research Data (ORD) grant. The SIB received funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF). The University of Ghent acknowledges funding from the Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO). The IOCB Prague is grateful for funding from the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic (TAČR) within the National Recovery Plan, project No. TH86010003. 1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioremediation

 [1] A. V. Sambra , E. Mansour , S. Hawke , M. Zereba , N. Greco , A. Ghanem , D. Zagidulin , A. Aboulnaga , T. Berners-Lee , Solid: a platform for decentralized social applications based on linked data , MIT CSAIL & Qatar Computing Research Institute, Tech. Rep . ( 2016 ).