=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=Vol-3899/paper24
|storemode=property
|title=Cybersecurity of hierarchical structured systems in emergency response
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3899/paper24.pdf
|volume=Vol-3899
|authors=Liubomyr Sikora,Nataliia Lysa,Olga Fedevych,Nazarii Khyliak
|dblpUrl=https://dblp.org/rec/conf/advait/SikoraLFK24
}}
==Cybersecurity of hierarchical structured systems in emergency response==
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3899/paper24.pdf
Cybersecurity of hierarchical structured systems in
emergency response⋆
Liubomyr Sikora 1,†, Nataliia Lysa 1,† Olga Fedevych1,∗,† and Nazarii Khyliak1,∗,†
1
Lviv Polytechnic National University, 28a Bandery Str., Lviv, 79000, Ukraine
Abstract
The article considers decision-making schemes and models for threat elimination during emergencies in
hierarchical systems based on information and system technologies. An analysis of publications, both
classical and modern, was carried out. The relevance of a purposeful automated control systems study was
shown, and the features of design using cognitive decision-making methods that would secure the
possibility of avoiding structural errors were indicated. A method for assessing risks due to the cognitive
component, i.e., operator errors, taking into account his intellectual characteristics, was developed, and
intellectual activity cognitive coefficients tables were constructed. The application of the theory of systems
and information technologies to the study of large-scale systems with a hierarchical structure of their
organization, which is considered as a goal-oriented structure of interconnected subsystems for the
implementation of target tasks, taking into account active attacks and threats and the cognitive component
of the operator - manager, was considered.
Keywords
Information, system, structure, risk, potentially dangerous objects 1
1. Introduction
In modern production facilities with a complex hierarchical structure, emergencies can be caused by
failures, interference, malfunctions in information management structures, production units, and
technology disruptions.
In case of errors that may occur in the process of analyzing a limit or emergency situation and
incorrect decisions, the dynamics of events will have catastrophic con-sequences. To prevent such a
scenario, operational and technical personnel must have an appropriate level of systematized
knowledge to identify hazard sources and impact factors and to build cause-and-effect relationships
- the basis for analyzing the state of potentially hazardous objects (PHOs) in the hierarchical
structure of the system. This system and information basis are necessary for building event
development scenarios, identifying bottlenecks, and making decisions to eliminate threats and
emergencies.
Operational and technical personnel must have the skills to build structural communication
schemes, decompose units and assemblies, process lines and functional units, determine their critical
parameters, and be able to develop action plans in normal and emergency conditions based on system
and information technologies to ensure the sustainable functioning of the infrastructure.
A condition for the smooth and efficient functioning of complex systems in extreme conditions
is the formed and logically ordered knowledge of the subject area in the cognitive structure of the
AdvAIT-2024: 1st International Workshop on Advanced Applied Information Technologies, December 5, 2024, Khmelnytskyi,
Ukraine - Zilina, Slovakia
∗ Corresponding author.
†
These authors contributed equally.
lssikora@gmail.com (L. Sikora); lysa.nataly@gmail.com (N. Lysa); olha.y.fedevych@lpnu.ua (O. Fedevych);
n.khyliak@gmail.com (N. Khyliak);
0000-0002-7446-1980 (L. Sikora); 0000-0001-5513-9614 (N. Lysa); 0000-0002-8170-3001 (O. Fedevych); 0009-0000-2431-
1514 (N. Khyliak)
© 2024 Copyright for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
CEUR
ceur-ws.org
Workshop ISSN 1613-0073
Proceedings
neural system of the operational personnel and the skills of using them under adverse working
conditions [2, 6, 7]. To solve this problem, it is necessary to develop a concept of knowledge
structuring and determine the risk interval and methods of personnel selection for the
implementation of a sustainable goal-oriented strategic level of management of man-made
infrastructure with П-hierarchical levels.
The study aims to develop methods for ensuring effective management of production infrastructure
with a hierarchical organization in the face of a complex of active threats and internal and external
conflicts, which can lead to management failure, accidents, and the collapse of the structure of a
complex system.
2. References analysis
In accordance with this purpose, let’s consider the works of researchers published in monographs
and articles from 2011-2023.
Monograph [1] considers the problems of intelligent control using logic digital automata as the
basis for creating control processes.
The monograph [3] substantiates the methods of systematics of decision-making in complex
systems with robust properties to counteract strong disturbances to the system control processes.
Books [2,4,7,8] consider logical and cognitive models of management decision-making in the face
of threats and information attacks on control systems.
Based on system analysis, the monograph [6] developed the concept of formation of information
and intellectual operations for implementing security management strategies in the ACS.
Books [10-13] analyze models of psychological factors influencing the process of managing
complex systems and evaluate multiplicative criteria.
Monographs [4, 5] consider the strategic security problems of complex systems and methods of
designing an information security system under the influence of active attacks on data flows and the
management process.
The monograph [9] considers the complex problem of creating automated information systems
to ensure effective and sustainable management of complex hierarchical man-made complexes.
Works [14-17] consider neuro-fuzzy logic methods for building networks for processing data
flows in the control process under interference conditions.
Works [18-22] consider methods of forming and making targeted decisions in the face of
information attacks and logical and cognitive failures using fuzzy logic to develop algorithms for
assessing the situation in complex systems.
Monograph [23] discusses methods for creating algorithms and operating automata based on the
terminal logic of forming control actions.
Work [24] substantiates the use of artificial intelligence methods for data and multimedia
processing, their use in decision-making procedures for control in complex systems.
Article [25] considers the problematic tasks of forming management decisions using information
and intelligent technologies..
3. Main research results
The intensive development of man-made social infrastructure (industry, energy, transport, aviation,
municipal systems of cities, villages, megacities, mining, oil and gas, construction) consumes large
amounts of energy and material resources. To operate, they require labor resources (workers,
technicians, engineers, scientists, high-level experts, advisors with strategic importance and
experience in solving crisis problems).
Research methods that were used to solve the problem of effective targeted management of the
production hierarchical infrastructure in the face of threats, conflicts, information, and cognitive
attacks:
1. Methods of system analysis of the structure and dynamics of production infrastructure
components with a given goal orientation;
2. Information technologies for processing situational data on the state of active objects and
their intellectual interpretation;
3. Logical and cognitive models for assessing the ability of personnel to make decisions in crisis
situations;
4. Methods for assessing the risks of emergencies at the terminal control cycles using cause-
and-effect diagrams.
Infrastructural man-made complexes are hybrid systems with a hierarchy of production and
management structures (from man-made to strategic and global).
The development of information technologies for crisis management has its own basis.
New approaches to personnel training are based on the concept of modern scientific methods
(systems analysis, crisis management, technical systems management, databases and knowledge,
expert systems and computer engineering, communication and telecommunications networks
(space, satellite navigation systems).
However, the foundation of the energy, metallurgy, construction, social sector, and other
industries requires high-level engineering and fundamental knowledge of mathematics, physics, and
thermodynamics of energy-active processes, as well as electronics and nuclear physics and automatic
control systems.
Accordingly, man-made infrastructure requires comprehensive knowledge, not just digital and
information technologies, to ensure its functioning and project implementation.
An important task of applying the theory of systems and information technology is to study large-
scale systems with a hierarchical structure of their organization, which can be considered as a family
of appropriately connected subsystems for the implementation of target tasks. From this perspective,
systems theory studies the structure as an integrity that ensures the achievement of the goal [1, 4,
6]. Accordingly, all subsystems are connected through connection operators, which ensures the
integrity of the functional system and determines the role of each substructure in the system
structure and its purposeful behavior. This requires a revision of the classical (ACS) theory -
automatic control systems and transition to a new concept - intelligent integrated control systems
for man-made infrastructure (IICSMMI).
The use of system analysis, algebra of categories to represent organizational and functional
components of man-made infrastructure, data processing methods of information technology to
assess the state of energy-active objects, intellectual interpretation of the dynamic situation content
in the state space and the target space provides an opportunity to control the functioning of
technological units and assess the level of maximum loads, the risks of entering an emergency state.
The use of statistics, situational logic-cognitive analysis and cause-effect diagrams is the basis for
building scenarios for the development of events in the terminal control cycles and assessing the risk
of an emergency. Preventing an emergency is the main task for operational personnel with the
appropriate level of knowledge, professional training, and cognitive intelligence to make targeted
decisions.
Let's consider the elements of system structuring in accordance with the goal of the basic task.
Definition 1. Example text of a theorem. A generalized system 𝑆𝑆𝑖𝑖 ⊂ 𝑋𝑋𝑖𝑖 × 𝑌𝑌𝑖𝑖 with objects
𝑋𝑋𝑖𝑖 =⊗ �𝑋𝑋𝑖𝑖,𝑗𝑗 , 𝑗𝑗 ∈ 𝐼𝐼𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖 � 𝑌𝑌𝑖𝑖 =⊗ �𝑌𝑌𝑖𝑖,𝑗𝑗 , 𝑗𝑗 ∈ 𝐼𝐼𝑦𝑦𝑖𝑖 � on component sets𝑉𝑉 = (𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖1 𝑥𝑥 ⋯ 𝑥𝑥𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 ) and 𝑉𝑉�𝑖𝑖 =
𝑖𝑖,𝑗𝑗 𝑖𝑖,𝑗𝑗
{𝑉𝑉𝑖𝑖1 , ⋯ 𝑉𝑉in } forms a structure with the set {𝑋𝑋𝑖𝑖 }, if it can form a connection. �𝑋𝑋𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 ∈ 𝑍𝑍𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖 �, {𝑋𝑋𝑖𝑖 } =⊗
�𝑋𝑋𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 : 𝑋𝑋𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 ∈ 𝑋𝑋�𝑖𝑖 �- input. The output object of the system 𝑍𝑍𝑦𝑦𝑖𝑖 =⊗ �𝑦𝑦𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 : 𝑦𝑦𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 ∈ 𝑦𝑦�𝑖𝑖 � There are many types
𝑚𝑚
of connections for each system 𝑆𝑆𝑖𝑖 ⊂ 𝑋𝑋𝑖𝑖 × 𝑌𝑌𝑖𝑖 :(𝑆𝑆𝑖𝑖 = 𝑋𝑋𝑖𝑖 × 𝑌𝑌𝑖𝑖 ) → �𝑆𝑆𝑖𝑖𝑧𝑧 ⊂ �𝑋𝑋𝑖𝑖𝑥𝑥 × 𝑍𝑍𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖 � × �𝑌𝑌𝑖𝑖𝑥𝑥 × 𝑍𝑍𝑦𝑦𝑖𝑖 �� ,
𝑖𝑖=1
which differ by the sets �𝑍𝑍𝑋𝑋𝑖𝑖 , 𝑍𝑍𝑦𝑦𝑖𝑖 �.
Accordingly, the class of connected systems can be defined in the form of a cascade connection,
which reflects the class of the aggregated technological structure:
𝑆𝑆𝑧𝑧̅ = {𝑆𝑆𝑖𝑖𝑧𝑧 : 𝑆𝑆𝑖𝑖𝑧𝑧 ⊂ (𝑋𝑋𝑖𝑖𝑥𝑥 × 𝑍𝑍𝑥𝑥𝑖𝑖 ) × (𝑌𝑌𝑖𝑖𝑥𝑥 × 𝑍𝑍𝑦𝑦𝑖𝑖 )} (1)
and an operation of the form 𝑜𝑜𝑆𝑆𝑧𝑧̅ × 𝑆𝑆𝑧𝑧̅ → 𝑆𝑆𝑧𝑧̅ , which defines the composition: 𝑆𝑆1 𝑜𝑜𝑆𝑆2 = 𝑆𝑆3 , where
𝑆𝑆1 ⊂ 𝑋𝑋1 × (𝑌𝑌1𝑥𝑥 × 𝑍𝑍𝑥𝑥1 ); ∣
𝑆𝑆2 ⊂ (𝑋𝑋2𝑥𝑥 × 𝑍𝑍𝑦𝑦2 ) × 𝑌𝑌2 ; ∣ (2)
𝑆𝑆1 𝑆𝑆2
𝑆𝑆3 ⊂ (𝑋𝑋1 × 𝑋𝑋2𝑥𝑥 ) × (𝑌𝑌1𝑥𝑥 × 𝑌𝑌2 ); ∣ 𝑥𝑥 → 𝑦𝑦 → 𝑍𝑍 ∈ 𝑆𝑆3
These three statements show cascading representation with the corresponding representation in
the state space (𝑋𝑋 𝑛𝑛 × 𝑇𝑇) will be:
�(𝑋𝑋1 , 𝑋𝑋2 ), (𝑌𝑌1 , 𝑌𝑌2 )� ∈ 𝑆𝑆3 ⇔ ∃𝑧𝑧�𝑥𝑥1 (𝑦𝑦1 , 𝑍𝑍)� ∈ 𝑆𝑆1 �(𝑥𝑥2 , 𝑍𝑍), 𝑦𝑦2 � ∈ 𝑆𝑆2 (3)
Definition 2. A parallel structure is defined by components with an operation that reflects the
direct product of subsystems: 𝑆𝑆�𝑧𝑧 × 𝑆𝑆�𝑧𝑧 → 𝑆𝑆�𝑧𝑧 using the operation (⨁) of a parallel connection in the
form: 𝑆𝑆1 ⨁𝑆𝑆2 → 𝑆𝑆3 .
If a given system infrastructure in the form of:
𝑆𝑆1 ⊂ (𝑋𝑋1𝑥𝑥 × 𝑍𝑍𝑥𝑥1 ) × 𝑌𝑌1 , (4)
𝑆𝑆2 ⊂ (𝑋𝑋2 × 𝑍𝑍𝑥𝑥2 ) × 𝑌𝑌2 ,
then the parallel structure represented through the composition of substructures with a given
class of functional purpose:
𝑆𝑆3 ⊂ (𝑋𝑋1𝑥𝑥 × 𝑋𝑋2𝑥𝑥 × 𝑍𝑍) × (𝑌𝑌1 × 𝑌𝑌2 ), 𝑍𝑍𝑥𝑥1 = 𝑍𝑍𝑥𝑥2 = 𝑍𝑍, (5)
��(𝑥𝑥1 , 𝑥𝑥1 , 𝑧𝑧), (𝑦𝑦1 , 𝑦𝑦1 )� ∈ 𝑆𝑆3 ⇔ �(𝑥𝑥1 , 𝑧𝑧), 𝑦𝑦1 � ∈ 𝑆𝑆1 &�(𝑥𝑥2 , 𝑧𝑧), 𝑦𝑦2 � ∈ 𝑆𝑆2 �
In accordance with the concept of infrastructure targeting, a decomposition scheme of the
hierarchy of units has been developed (Fig. 1).
Figure 1: Scheme of sequential decomposition of an intelligent hierarchical system (IHS)
According to Fig. 1, let’s define the levels of structuring of the man-made system:
1. Hierarchical integrated system that implements targeted strategic infrastructure
management [2];
2. Production complex with an automatic control system.
3. The structure of the intellectual type of strategic goals generation for infrastructure
functioning.
4. Technological production structure, which includes an aggregate line with production
technology, an automatic process control and management system, operational
management, and strategic coordination, which ensures the functioning of the
infrastructure under the influence of active threats to the structure, resources, and
production process.
Accordingly, the structure in Fig. 1 is one of the ways to represent the organization of
production in the man-made infrastructure complex.
3.1. Assessment of the suitability of operational personnel for managing a
targeted energy-active system
Table 1. skills assessment and a diagram of operational skills based on system analysis,
information, and cognitive technologies were developed to assess the suitability of operational
personnel. [8,11,19,20] (Fig. 2).
In accordance with the developed Table 1, a sequential assessment diagram was developed to
determine targeted suitability for production and management activities of operational
personnel in the energy and glass industry based on the authors' scientific and production
experience.
The scientific and technical analysis of professional activity is based on the study of crisis
problems in the control of information and measuring systems in complex industries (laser
stabilizers of the molten glass surface level (T0 C - 1200-15000C) and laser systems for
monitoring the concentration of coal dust after grinding in mills and feeding into power unit
boilers through pipelines with a temperature (T0C = 200-6000C).
Such harsh conditions of the technological process functioning impose appropriate conditions
for developing projects, their implementation and installation in industrial conditions.
The temperature in the technological shops varies according to the season (20-600C).
Hardware implementation at glass plants (Kyiv, Gostomel, Rokytne, Kostopol, Lviv) and power
units of Burshtyn TPP (1995-2015).
Accordingly, the level of complexity of IMS-laser control requires appropriate training of
personnel (CIP - AC).
The information and measurement control and automation systems (CIP - AC) are the basis
of the technological process structure and ensure compliance with the production regime and
trouble-free operation of technological units (glass furnace, high-temperature steam generation
boilers of the power unit) and signaling of limit situations (alarm - Alarm, pre-emergency mode
- Avaria).
In accordance with the man-made infrastructure with a hierarchical production control and
management process organization. At the same time, each rank level (level, strata) has
requirements for the quality of knowledge, scientific and engineering training, and
psychological and cognitive characteristics according to the level of responsibility and authority
in the infrastructure and management hierarchy.
Accordingly, let’s distinguish between service, engineering, operational, administrative,
security and management, and strategic.
Test for stability
Strategic management level
Information attacks (ІА, АCS)
DSS ES Х
System targeted attacks (ІА, ACS)
Engineering and system
management
Resource and structural attacks
(АCS, STRK (TS))
Operational and technical
administration
Complex cognitive and logical
attacks on personnel
Technical operational
management
Externally set accident risk
levelаварій
Service AVAR
Intensity of attacks
Acceptable risk
Figure 2: Scheme of formation of knowledge, systemic and cognitive failures of personnel in the
performance of official tasks.
Ranking of technological infrastructure personnel by functional requirements:
𝑃𝑃(𝑆𝑆𝑛𝑛 𝑅𝑅1 ) - personnel for the maintenance of units and blocks;
𝑃𝑃(𝑆𝑆𝑚𝑚 𝑅𝑅2 ) - personnel for repair and installation works;
𝑃𝑃(𝑆𝑆𝑘𝑘 𝑅𝑅3 ) - personnel of laboratories of automation and control and measurement systems;
𝑃𝑃(𝑆𝑆𝑖𝑖 𝑅𝑅4 ) - personnel (engineers, technicians) for shift maintenance of complexes of units and
power units;
𝑃𝑃�𝑆𝑆𝑝𝑝 𝑅𝑅5 � - personnel for control and maintenance of automatic control systems (ACS-TP);
𝑃𝑃(𝑆𝑆𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑅𝑅6 ) - personnel of shift operational control of a closed-cycle technological system;
𝑃𝑃(𝑆𝑆𝑑𝑑 𝑅𝑅7 ) - operational and administrative personnel and document management and
computer network services;
𝑃𝑃(𝑆𝑆𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 𝑅𝑅8 ) - personnel for maintenance of information and automated systems;
𝑃𝑃(𝑆𝑆𝑇𝑇 𝑅𝑅9 ) - personnel of the chief technologist service;
𝑃𝑃(𝑆𝑆𝐹𝐹 𝑅𝑅10 ) - financial and administrative management and planning personnel;
𝑃𝑃�𝑆𝑆𝑔𝑔 𝑅𝑅11 � - Chief Engineer's Service (departments, information security service, fire and
technological safety service);
𝑃𝑃(𝑆𝑆𝐸𝐸 𝑅𝑅12 ) - expert advisory service and DSS (decision support system) for senior management;
𝑃𝑃(𝐺𝐺𝑛𝑛 𝑅𝑅13 ) - senior managers and members of the Management Board and directors,
shareholders' representatives;
𝑃𝑃(𝐺𝐺𝑛𝑛 𝑅𝑅14 ) - the chairman of the board and the supervisory board of the industrial complex;
𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴𝑘𝑘 𝑅𝑅20 ) - owners (individual, team);
𝑃𝑃�𝐸𝐸𝑅𝑅 𝑅𝑅𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 (𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆)� - external teams of strategic level advisors and national and international
experts (Certified by type of activity).
The requirements for technical, administrative and managerial personnel are formed in
accordance with the rank.
4. Results & discussion
In accordance with the rank, test requirements for a person's cognitive, knowledge, and
psychological characteristics are formed in tables and a scheme of risk situations.
Accordingly, lets provide information, logic, system and cognitive aptitude of personnel
(Table 1).
Table 1
Information, logic, system and cognitive aptitude of personnel
№ Name Code KF α risk
1. ZAd 0.5-1
Ability to take active
management actions
α r < 0.2
2. Targeted to the recognition CSitПS 0.8-1
situation
α r < 0.25
3. Reaction and active factors Rek (AF) 0.6-1 α r < 0.5
4. Encouraging goal-oriented CDi 0.7-1 α r < 0.3
activities
5. Building sets of target C(Di) 0.9-1 α r < 0.25
alternatives
6. Choosing strategies VStrarU 0.8-1 α r > 0.5
7. Subconscious choice of goal ПSv(Ci) 0.7-1 α r > 0.5
orientation
8. Targeted selection V (Ci) 0.8-1 α r < 0. 2
9. Conscious risk assessment α risk 0.7-1 α r < 0.25
10. Formation of situations images FIcon Sit 0.6-1 α r > 0.5
in the system under threats
11. Understanding the essence of Sens (Icon) 0.7-1 α r > 0.5
situation image in information
attacks
12. Realizing the image essence of Sens (Ci) 0.7-1 α r > 0.5
the target situation
13. Targeted operations in the face Di(Ci/Ui) 0.5-1 α r > 0.5
of threats
14. Confidence in their actions KV sp 0.8-1.0 α r > 0.2
15. Complex confidence S g K V ( Аі ) 0.7-1.0 α r > 0.2
(knowledge, intelligence) ZpKV А j ( ) 0.6-1.0
α r > 0.3
16. Self-confidence in your SKV ( Аі ) 0,8-1,0 α r > 0.5
knowledge
17. Professional self-confidence S Z КV ( Аі ) 0,8-1,0 α r > 0. 7
18. Trust of external experts in the Rd ( Аі ) 0,2-1,0 α r > 0.5
person
19. Professional trust in the K ZP ( Аі ) 0,2-1,0 α r > 0.5
personality of a cognitive agent
20. Self-confidence in the ability to К cogn ( Аі ) 0,75-1,0
solve the problem ( )
К du А 0,8-1,0
α r > 0.8
21. Determination to act in the face К d (Drisk ) 0,85-1,0 α r > 0.75
of risk 0,9-1,0
Table 2
Ranking table of the level of scientific and technical knowledge based on the results of specialized
industry tests, which are formed on the basis of the study
№ Points K 𝑽𝑽 Kd α risk
1. Systemic background 0,0-100 0,1-1,0 0,1-0,5
knowledge
2. Engineering and technical 0,2-100 0,5-1,0 >0.5
examples
3. Operational management 50-100 0,6-1,0 >0.7
4. Strategic level 80-100 0,7-1,0 >0.75
Table 3
Ranking table of the level of professional aptitude based on the results of logical, cognitive and
psychological tests of personnel screening
№ Test control points Amount of points Confidence factor Risks 𝑎𝑎𝑣𝑣
K(B)
1. Excellent 88-100 0,9-1,0 0,05-0,1
2. Very good 81-88 0,7-0,85 0,1-0,2
3. Good 71-80 0,55-0,65 0,1-0,25
4. Satisfactorily 51-70 0,3-0,5 0,3-0,6
5. Unacceptably 0-51 0,0-0,01 0,9-1,0
On the basis of the developed risk assessments (𝛼𝛼𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 ) and the introduced cognitive coefficients
(𝐾𝐾𝑑𝑑 ) - trust and coefficients of knowledge requirements (𝐾𝐾𝑉𝑉 ), the methods of assessing professional
suitability are substantiated. On the basis of (Table 1), a diagram for assessing the target suitability of
personnel for managerial activities in the hierarchical structure of a man-made system has been
developed as a basis for maintaining the level of cybersecurity under the influence of information
attacks and threats, which can lead to disorientation in the situation and its incorrect assessment in the
formation and decision-making.
Figure 3: Scheme of formation of knowledge, systemic and cognitive failures of personnel in the
performance of official tasks.
The diagram (Fig. 3) of goal suitability assessment and preliminary studies and schemes (Figs.
1-3) are the basis for the construction of professionally oriented tests.
4.1. Prospects for research on the problems of managerial stress resistance and
professional engineering and technical activity
The current stage of society development, industrial infrastructure, and social and communal
conglomerates is characterized by a set of regional and global problems. The problems that have
developed in the infrastructure of society, global ecosystems, energy, transport and the entire
economic and industrial complex are becoming increasingly complex and cannot be solved by simple,
deregulatory solutions.
The growing process of informatization of technologies and society (start-up technologies, the
Internet, artificial intelligence, process automation, intelligent technologies, global data and
knowledge bases) cannot ensure the mass welfare of the population, as this requires a certain level
of education, not self-deception of opportunities. The low level of managerial culture at all levels of
the hierarchy and the educational base leads to strategic mistakes of global and local accidents of the
systemic type (e.g., Chornobyl, Yokohama, dam breaks, environmental disasters, Saano-Shushenska
TPP), which are characterized by resource, financial and large losses of population.
The war leads to the collapse of infrastructure and large population losses, the ruin of social,
communal and strategic structures. These problems can be solved only through the constructive use
of material and energy resources, labor, and scientific and engineering potential to upgrade
infrastructure. This problem can be solved with effective management at different levels of the
hierarchy of state infrastructure organizations, raising the level of professionalism on the basis of
modernized educational programs of training and vocational education, selection of managerial
personnel on the basis of new concepts of testing and aptitude assessment, taking into account
cognitive, psychological and intellectual characteristics to assess the ability to each type of
professional activity.
5. Conclusion
Depending on the system structure and the situation, there are changes in the state of the
hierarchical system in the terminal space [Tm×TR] in relation to the dynamics of the pace of events,
which leads to the thickening of situations on the real-time axis and to the occurrence of an
emergency in case of untimely adoption of protection measures. Therefore, for the rapid elimination
of emergencies, it is necessary to develop: structural diagrams of technological processes; models,
schemes for data selection and processing; methods of classifying situations and making decisions;
schemes for the development of possible event scenarios; schemes of personnel behavior and
instructions for emergency response based on information and system technologies.
On the basis of the proposed approach, using the logic of actions and the theory of situational
management, models of the structure of systems for active control of technological processes under
conditions of dynamic disturbances on objects both of the systemic, structural, and cognitive-
informational types were developed. The concept of goal orientation and coordination of logical and
cognitive models of forming control decisions of a system with a hierarchical structure under the
influence of threats and information attacks as a basis for the synthesis of robust decision-making
strategies in crisis emergency situations were substantiated.
Declaration on Generative AI
The authors have not employed any Generative AI tools.
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