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  <front>
    <journal-meta />
    <article-meta>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Global Research Trends in the Application of Advanced AI Tools: A Bibliometric Perspective on Fuzzy Logic-based Studies</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Huseyin Bicen</string-name>
          <email>huseyin.bicen@neu.edu.tr</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Cigdem Hursen</string-name>
          <email>cigdem.hursen@neu.edu.tr</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Erinc Ercag</string-name>
          <email>erinc.ercag@kyrenia.edu.tr</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff0">
          <label>0</label>
          <institution>Near East University</institution>
          ,
          <addr-line>Nicosia</addr-line>
          ,
          <country country="CY">Cyprus</country>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution>University of Kyrenia</institution>
          ,
          <addr-line>Kyrenia</addr-line>
          ,
          <country country="CY">Cyprus</country>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <fpage>71</fpage>
      <lpage>79</lpage>
      <abstract>
        <p>This study aims to determine the trend of published studies on the application of advanced artificial intelligence tools in the field of Fuzzy Logic. In this study, where documents published in the SCOPUS database were analyzed, the bibliometrix technique, one of the bibliometric analysis methods, was preferred. In the study where 232 documents were examined, it was determined that the published documents were between the years 1990 and 2025 and that the documents were published in 201 sources. It was determined that most of the published documents were published in the article document type. When the most cited studies at the global and local level were examined, it was seen that the most cited publication at the global level was “MELLIT A, 2008, PROG ENERGY COMBUST SCI”. It was determined that the most cited studies at the local level were “BOSE BK, 2017, PROC IEEE” and “MELLIT A, 2008, PROG ENERGY COMBUST SCI”. It was determined that the most trending topic in the published documents was “neural networks” and then “expert systems”. It is believed that the results obtained from the research will shed light and guide researchers who will work in this field.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>eol&gt;Fuzzy Logic</kwd>
        <kwd>AI</kwd>
        <kwd>AI Tools</kwd>
        <kwd>Bibliometric Analysis</kwd>
        <kwd>Bibliometrix</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec id="sec-1">
      <title>1. Introduction</title>
      <p>
        Nowadays, smart technologies and data-driven decision-making processes have become a necessity. For
this reason, the integration of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) tools into many sectors is increasing.
With these tools, fuzzy logic has come to the fore in many areas, from the healthcare sector to industrial
automation systems, to manage uncertainty and make many complex decisions. To give an example from
the studies, fuzzy logic and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) were applied in early-stage Alzheimer’s
diagnosis and allowed the evaluation of uncertain human behaviors [
        <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">1</xref>
        ]. In addition, in another study,
fuzzy logic contributed to strategic planning in collaborative cobot applications, both technical and
social risk assessment [
        <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2">2</xref>
        ]. Bibliometric studies have determined that fuzzy logic is important by
emphasizing its strategic role together with technological transformations in studies related to Industry
4.0 [
        <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref3">3</xref>
        ]. In addition, fuzzy logic artificial intelligence tools and many innovative applications can be
used in many diferent fields, such as power electronics and motion control. Comparative studies
for cloud computing reveal the superior performance of fuzzy logic over artificial neural networks
(ANN) for resource planning [
        <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref4">4</xref>
        ]. In addition, in project management, artificial intelligence applications
ranging from neural networks to optimization algorithms improve resource optimization of real-time
decision-making mechanisms [
        <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref5">5</xref>
        ]. This study was carried out with the aim of "Global Research Trends
in the Application of Advanced Artificial Intelligence Tools: A Bibliometric View of Fuzzy Logic-Based
Studies".
      </p>
      <sec id="sec-1-1">
        <title>1.1. Related Research</title>
        <p>
          Nowadays, the use of generative artificial intelligence in higher education is increasing day by day. The
qualitative development made by [
          <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref6">6</xref>
          ] investigated how ChatGPT can be used in pedagogical applications.
ChatGPT provides benefits in many diferent areas such as personalized learning, automatic evaluation,
content production, translation, and research support. All uses require human supervision for ethical
reasons and the risk of misuse. In addition, it is an important tool for educators. Another study [
          <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref7">7</xref>
          ] 8
students and 3 teachers who participated in the research conducted with a phenomenological pattern
in the language teaching and learning process of ChatGPT. Research findings show that ChatGPT may
provide benefits in language education, but it also brings with it some dificulties.
        </p>
        <p>
          In their study, [
          <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref8">8</xref>
          ] based on the thematic analysis of 50 studies conducted between 2016 and 2022.
According to artificial intelligence (AI) literacy education in secondary education, Project-based learning
is the most common pedagogical approach; hardware, software, and unplugged tools were used.
Students’ cognitive, afective, and ethical developments were evaluated. In addition, teaching methods,
contents, and measurement tools were analyzed, and suggestions were made to educators. [
          <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref9">9</xref>
          ] ofers
an innovative approach in which Bloom’s Taxonomy is reversed to integrate artificial
intelligencesupported learning into programming education. With artificial intelligence tools such as WebSim.ai,
the focus is on students’ ability to understand and analyze AI-generated solutions. Thus, students start
with production and progress to deep understanding using Reverse Bloom’s Taxonomy. [
          <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref10">10</xref>
          ] This study
ofers an innovative curriculum content integrated into an advanced computer engineering graduation
project with the role of artificial intelligence tools in software development. Students gain skills in
dealing with errors in development with artificial intelligence.
        </p>
        <p>
          [
          <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref11">11</xref>
          ] investigated the relationship between the widespread use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools
in terms of their efects on critical thinking and the mediating role of cognitive load transfer. As a
result of the survey and interviews conducted with 666 participants, it was seen that constant use of
AI tools negatively afects critical thinking skills. [
          <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref12">12</xref>
          ] investigated the role of ChatGPT in solving
physics problems and improving educational practices with the integration of artificial intelligence (AI)
tools into physics education. A systematic literature review analyzed with PRISMA found that AI tools
support lesson planning, ofer innovative teaching methods, and improve problem-solving skills.
        </p>
        <p>
          In his study, [
          <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref13">13</xref>
          ] examined the GPT-4 Discovery Program carried out at the University of New Mexico
Library Faculty and discussed the competency conditions required for adaptation to artificial intelligence
in academic librarianship. The program increased participants’ AI literacy and self-confidence through
hands-on learning. Awareness in lifelong learning, ethics, and collaboration processes is emphasized,
and strategies are presented.
        </p>
        <p>
          [
          <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref14">14</xref>
          ] focuses on artificial intelligence applications in modern production and discusses how artificial
intelligence improves quality, eficiency, and decision-making processes.
        </p>
        <p>
          [
          <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref15">15</xref>
          ] aims to monitor the stress levels of workers with a chat bot that performs emotional analysis,
video recordings that recognize emotions through facial expressions and voice, and personality tests,
which include Human Digital Twin (HDT) and artificial intelligence technologies in order to increase the
safety and well-being of workers in industrial environments such as oil and gas. [
          <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref16">16</xref>
          ]’s study examines
the efects of advanced artificial intelligence tools such as ChatGPT, Gemini Advanced and Co-pilot in
the field of health. AI; It contributes to personalized treatment, early diagnosis, optimization of clinical
workflows, and medical research. In his study, [
          <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref17">17</xref>
          ] examined advanced Business Intelligence (BI) tools
and data integration solutions to reduce increasing operational costs in the healthcare industry. BI
tools have been shown to provide cost savings by identifying ineficiencies and improving processes
through data-driven analysis. [
          <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref18">18</xref>
          ] examined the role of deep learning algorithms in combating human
traficking. Artificial intelligence-supported surveillance systems detect suspicious patterns, allowing
victims to be rescued and criminal networks to be weakened. [
          <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref19">19</xref>
          ] examines Artificial intelligence (AI),
cyber security, and security compliance processes; It states that it provides the ability to detect threats in
real time, analyze data, and automate compliance tasks. [
          <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref20">20</xref>
          ] examined the role of artificial intelligence
software in personalized marketing automation in SMEs and its impact on customer experience and
sales, revealing that it increases customer interaction and loyalty thanks to machine learning, natural
language processing, and predictive analysis. In the study of [
          <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref21">21</xref>
          ], data management, open source
softwar,e and hardware requirements were examined by examining artificial intelligence (AI) tools
for academic research, emphasizing the role of RAG systems in document processing and reference
provision. [
          <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref22">22</xref>
          ] examined the aspect of artificial intelligence (AI) in increasing resilience in diferent
areas and shows that it strengthens resilience by providing rapid analysis, prediction, and support in
areas such as disaster management, climate resilience, healthcare, cyber security, business continuity,
urban sustainability, and psychological resilience.
        </p>
        <p>To achieve the research purpose, the following questions were answered:
1. What is the distribution of publications in terms of main information, such as year, document
type, etc.?
2. Which documents are cited most globally and locally?
3. What is the most trending topic?
4. What is the distribution of publications by year?
5. What are the most relevant sources?</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-2">
      <title>2. Method</title>
      <p>
        In this study, which was conducted to determine the trend towards the application of advanced artificial
intelligence tools in the field of Fuzzy Logic, the SCOPUS database was used. SCOPUS was preferred
because it is “a database that provides a comprehensive overview of global interdisciplinary scientific
information covering the fields of science, technology, medicine, social sciences, arts and humanities” 1.
Additionally, the Scopus database was chosen because it provides easy access to researchers. For the
literature search, the “article title, abstract, keywords” search option in the SCOPUS database was
selected and the keywords TITLE-ABS-KEY (“Fuzzy Logic*" AND “Articfiial Intelligence*" OR "Advanced
AI Tools*") were used. All filters included in the data scan are given in Table 1. The literature search
conducted by the researchers was completed on June 20, 2025. In this context, the analyzed data were
limited to the studies indexed in SCOPUS until June 20, 2025. The data collected for the research
were analyzed with bibliometrix2, an open source tool that includes bibliometric analysis methods
developed by [
        <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref23">23</xref>
        ]. In addition, the Biblioshiny3 web application was used in the analysis of the data.
This study provides a trend overview of trends in Fuzzy Logic and Artificial Intelligence, but it has
some limitations. The analysis is limited to Scopus, and citations may influence the results. It is also
limited to the specified keywords.
      </p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-3">
      <title>3. Findings</title>
      <p>The study focused on general information about 232 documents, the most cited documents globally and
locally, and trending topics.</p>
      <sec id="sec-3-1">
        <title>3.1. Basic Information of Published Studies on the Application of Advanced</title>
      </sec>
      <sec id="sec-3-2">
        <title>Artificial Intelligence Tools in the Field of Fuzzy Logic</title>
        <sec id="sec-3-2-1">
          <title>The main information for the 232 documents analyzed in the study is given in Table 1.</title>
          <p>As seen in Table 1, the documents published on the application of advanced artificial intelligence
tools in the field of Fuzzy Logic were carried out between 1990 and 2025. In the mentioned years, a total
of 232 studies were published in 201 sources such as journals, books, and similar. 80 of the publications
were published in the article document type, 14 were books, 35 were book chapters, 61 were conference
papers, 7 were conference reviews, and 35 were reviews. From the findings, it was determined that the
authors preferred to write their publications in the "article" type.
1Scopus https://www.scopus.com/home.uri
2Bibliometrix https://www.bibliometrix.org/home/index.php/layout/bibliometrix
3Biblioshiny https://www.bibliometrix.org/home/index.php/layout/biblioshiny</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec id="sec-3-3">
        <title>3.2. Most Cited Documents Globally and Locally</title>
        <p>The study also aimed to determine the citation status of documents published in the SCOPUS database.
In this context, documents were examined according to their citation status both globally and locally.
Table 2 provides the findings for the most cited documents globally.</p>
        <p>As seen in Table 2, the top 10 most cited studies on the application of advanced artificial intelligence
tools in the field of Fuzzy Logic are, respectively; “MELLIT A, 2008, PROG ENERGY COMBUST SCI”,
“MELLIT A, 2009, RENEWABLE SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REV”, “BOSE BK, 1994, PROC IEEE”, “BOSE BK,
2017, PROC IEEE”, “PIMENOV DY, 2023, J INTELL MANUF”, “CHENG C-H, 2010, INF SCI”, “HANSON III
CW, 2001, CRIT CARE MED”, “KAUR S, 2020, IEEE ACCESS”, “CARRILLO-PEREZ F, 2022, J ESTHETIC
RESTORATIVE DENT” and “MOHAGHEGH SD, 2005, JPT J PET TECHNOL”. It is seen that these
studies, which are cited globally and are extremely valuable in the field, started to be published in 2008
and continued until 2023. It was determined that the most cited researcher globally is “MELLIT A” with
2 diferent documents. It is recommended that researchers who will conduct future studies in this field
read the documents published by these authors. In addition, it can be said that the first 10 most cited
documents globally will guide researchers and shed light on their work. The analysis of the most cited
documents locally is given in Table 3.
When the most cited documents at the local level were examined, it was determined that the studies
were distributed between the years 2008 and 2023, and “BOSE BK, 2017, PROC IEEE” and “MELLIT A,
2008, PROG ENERGY COMBUST SCI” shared the first place with 5 citations.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec id="sec-3-4">
        <title>3.3. Distribution of Trending Topics</title>
        <p>The findings obtained from the analysis conducted to determine trending topics in the documents
published on the application of advanced artificial intelligence tools in the field of Fuzzy Logic are given
in Table 4.</p>
        <p>As seen in Table 4, the most frequently used word in published documents on advanced artificial
intelligence tools in the field of Fuzzy Logic was determined as “neural networks” (  = 28). Another
word most frequently used by the authors in the studies was determined as “expert systems” ( = 20).
Other trending topics in the studies were; “fuzzy sets” ( = 13), “knowledge based systems” ( = 7),
“decision support systems” ( = 6), “computer vision” ( = 6) and “machine tools”, “fuzzy control”,
“bayesian networks” and “problem solving” with 5 frequencies, respectively.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec id="sec-3-5">
        <title>3.4. Distribution of Publications by Year</title>
        <p>The distribution of published documents on the use of advanced artificial intelligence tools in the field
of Fuzzy Logic by year is given in Table 5.</p>
        <p>As seen in Table 5, the first studies on the use of advanced artificial intelligence tools in the field of
Fuzzy Logic began in 1990 ( = 1). While no publications were found in 1991, only one publication
was found in the SCOPUS database in 1992 and 1993. An examination of the findings revealed that
the 2020s were the most productive years, quantitatively. While 17 documents were published in the
SCOPUS database in 2020, 23 were published in 2021, 27 in 2022 and 2023, 38 in 2024, and 23 in 2025.
This number is expected to increase towards the end of 2025. The results indicate that interest in the
use of advanced artificial intelligence tools in the field of Fuzzy Logic has gained significance since 2020.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec id="sec-3-6">
        <title>3.5. Most Relevant Sources</title>
        <p>The distribution of the most productive sources in this field, which include documentation on the use
of advanced artificial intelligence tools in the field of Fuzzy Logic, is given in Table 6.</p>
        <p>As seen in Table 6, the source that published the documents on the use of advanced artificial
intelligence tools in the field of Fuzzy Logic the most was determined as “LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER
SCIENCE (INCLUDING SUBSERIES LECTURE NOTES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND
LECTURE NOTES IN BIOINFORMATICS)” ( = 6). The other most productive sources, quantitatively,
are “LECTURE NOTES IN NETWORKS AND SYSTEMS” ( = 5), “ADVANCES IN INTELLIGENT
SYSTEMS AND COMPUTING” ( = 3), “HELIYON” ( = 3), “LECTURE NOTES ON DATA
ENGINEERING AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES” ( = 3), “APPLIED SCIENCES (SWITZERLAND)”
( = 2), “ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: APPROACHES, TOOLS, AND APPLICATIONS” ( = 2),
“DYNA (COLOMBIA) ( = 2)”, “EAI/SPRINGER INNOVATIONS IN COMMUNICATION AND
COMPUTING” ( = 2) and “ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE” ( = 2).
The distribution of the most productive sources by year is visualized in Figure 2.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-4">
      <title>4. Discussions and conclusions</title>
      <p>
        This study aims to determine the trend of published studies on the application of advanced artificial
intelligence tools in the field of Fuzzy Logic. In this study, where documents published in the SCOPUS
database were analyzed, the bibliometrix technique, one of the bibliometric analysis methods, was
preferred. In the study where 232 documents were examined, it was determined that the published
documents were between the years 1990 and 2025 and that the documents were published in 201 sources.
It was determined that most of the published documents were published in the article document
type. When the most cited studies at the global and local level were examined, it was seen that the
most cited publication at the global level was “MELLIT A, 2008, PROG ENERGY COMBUST SCI”. It
was determined that the most cited studies at the local level were “BOSE BK, 2017, PROC IEEE” and
“MELLIT A, 2008, PROG ENERGY COMBUST SCI”. It was determined that the most trending topic in the
published documents was “neural networks” and then “expert systems”. These findings demonstrate the
importance of AI in energy systems and sustainability studies. These findings are consistent with studies
that demonstrate the capacity of AI to address uncertainty in complex environments in studies such as
Industry 4.0 [
        <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref3">3</xref>
        ] and collaborative robotics [
        <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2">2</xref>
        ]. The frequent use of terms such as “neural networks” and
“expert systems” together suggests that FL is often used in hybrid models and is compatible with areas
such as cloud computing [
        <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref4">4</xref>
        ] and project management [
        <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref5">5</xref>
        ]. Consequently, Fuzzy Logic is important for
supporting data-driven decision making. This suggests that future research should focus on hybrid
integration, scalability, and ethical studies.
      </p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-5">
      <title>Declaration on Generative AI</title>
      <sec id="sec-5-1">
        <title>The authors have not employed any Generative AI tools.</title>
      </sec>
    </sec>
  </body>
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