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    <journal-meta />
    <article-meta>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Digital Governance Transformation Capacity in the EU and beyond - Shaping the AI4Gov-X Ecosystem and Platform</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Gianluca Misuraca</string-name>
          <email>gianlucacarlo.misuraca@polimi.it</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Claudio Feijóo</string-name>
          <email>claudio.feijoo@upm.es</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Marzia Mortati</string-name>
          <email>marzia.mortati@polimi.it</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff0">0</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <string-name>Camilla Roveri</string-name>
          <email>camilla.roveri@upm.es</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <string-name>Artificial Intelligence, Public Sector, Competency Framework, Digital Governance, Capacity Building</string-name>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff0">
          <label>0</label>
          <institution>Department of Design, Politecnico di Milano</institution>
          ,
          <addr-line>via Durando 10, 20158, Milan</addr-line>
          ,
          <country country="IT">Italy</country>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution>Inspiring Futures Europe</institution>
          ,
          <addr-line>Calle Espronceda, 13, 28003, Madrid</addr-line>
          ,
          <country country="ES">Spain</country>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution>Proceedings EGOV-CeDEM-ePart conference</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>3</label>
          <institution>Universidad Politécnica de Madrid</institution>
          ,
          <addr-line>Campus de Montegancedo, 28660 Boadilla del Monte (Madrid)</addr-line>
          ,
          <country country="ES">Spain</country>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <abstract>
        <p>Artificial Intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly central to public sector transformation in Europe, yet its adoption poses significant challenges for capacity building, ethical deployment, and cross-role collaboration. The AI4Gov-X initiative addresses these challenges through an integrated ecosystem of training and digital tools, underpinned by a competency framework tailored to governance realities. This workshop is the first in a series of validation activities designed to test and refine that framework. Using interactive methods, participants will assess the clarity and relevance of functional profiles, validate and prioritise competencies, and identify gaps or emerging skills. The session will generate directly usable evidence-validated lists, ranked priorities, and proposals for refinement-that will inform both academic publications and the further development of AI4Gov-X tools. By engaging a diverse group of stakeholders, the workshop will enhance institutional capacity for the responsible and democratic adoption of AI in public administrations.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec id="sec-1">
      <title>1. Introduction</title>
      <p>
        Artificial Intelligence (AI) is central to public sector transformation in Europe, yet its adoption raises
challenges for capacity-building, ethics, and cross-role collaboration [
        <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1 ref2">1, 2</xref>
        ].
      </p>
      <p>
        The AI4Gov-X initiative addresses these through an ecosystem of training and digital tools, built on a
governance-oriented competency framework [
        <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref3">3</xref>
        ]. Drawing on EU strategies [
        <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref4">4</xref>
        ], institutional references
[
        <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref5">5</xref>
        ], and academic work [
        <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref6">6</xref>
        ], the framework distinguishes meta-competences (know-why), governance
competences (know-how), and operational competences (know-what) [
        <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref7">7</xref>
        ]. These are clustered into five
validation.
      </p>
      <p>The 90-minute workshop has four phases. Each is designed to generate evidence for framework
Opening (15 min). Welcome and objectives by the Scientific Director of AI4Gov-X, Gianluca
Misuraca. Participants will briefly indicate their roles and governance levels to contextualise the
findings. The competency framework and profiles are briefly presented to provide a shared basis for
CEUR
Workshop</p>
      <p>ISSN1613-0073</p>
      <p>Activity 1: Validating clustering (35 min). This activity will test the robustness of the framework’s
clustering methodology. Participants will individually review the five functional profiles, assessing
their clarity, completeness, and distinctiveness. Using the Slido platform to ensure anonymity, they will
identify potential shortcomings—such as overlaps, complexity, or missing dimensions—and propose
refinements or alternative groupings. The activity will conclude with a voting exercise to prioritise
areas requiring urgent revision. The outcome will be direct evidence on the validity and usability of the
clustering, complemented by suggestions for structural improvements.</p>
      <p>Activity 2: Validating competencies (25 min). The second activity will assess the validity and
clarity of the competencies linked to each functional profile. Working in groups, participants will review
the competencies profile by profile, annotating items as relevant, unclear, or missing. They will then
prioritise the most critical competences through a dot-voting exercise. This process will generate a
ranked and validated list of competencies, highlighting those that require refinement, and identify gaps
or emerging skills to be incorporated into the framework.</p>
      <p>Final discussion (15 min). The closing plenary will synthesise insights from the previous activities.
Participants will collectively identify urgent gaps, clusters requiring revision, and opportunities for new
training approaches or institutional applications. The discussion will conclude with a prioritisation of
the most critical competencies, resulting in consolidated recommendations and a roadmap for further
development of the framework.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-2">
      <title>3. Expected Outcomes</title>
      <p>The session will yield: (i) a clear mapping of gaps and strengths within the framework; (ii) evidence
on the validity and usability of the clustering methodology; and (iii) refinements to both the overall
structure and the competencies identified. Broader stakeholder involvement will ensure the framework’s
relevance, usability, and impact, reinforcing AI4Gov-X as a reference for capacity building in digital
governance.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec id="sec-3">
      <title>Declaration on Generative AI</title>
      <p>The authors utilised Grammarly for language refinement, including sentence structure and word choice,
and afterwards, they carefully reviewed and edited the manuscript, taking full responsibility for the
final version.</p>
    </sec>
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