=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=Vol-423/paper-12
|storemode=property
|title=Discussion on Uncertainty Ontology for Annotation and Reasoning
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-423/pos_paper2.pdf
|volume=Vol-423
|dblpUrl=https://dblp.org/rec/conf/semweb/DedekEGV08
}}
==Discussion on Uncertainty Ontology for Annotation and Reasoning==
<pdf width="1500px">https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-423/pos_paper2.pdf</pdf>
<pre>
  Discussion on Uncertainty Ontology for Annotation and
              Reasoning (a position paper)

             J. Dedek, A. Eckhardt, L. Galambos, P. Vojtas
           Charles University in Prague, Department of Software Engineering
           {jan.dedek,alan.eckhardt,leo.galambos,peter.vojtas}@mff.cuni.cz

   In this position paper we discuss the what, who, when, where, why
and how of uncertain reasoning based on achievements of URW3XG
[2], our experiments and some future plans.
   What and Why – improving semantic web practice through uncertain
reasoning. This vision is described in the URW3XG charter (see [2]),
especially the objective is “to identify and describe situations […] for
which uncertainty reasoning would significantly increase the potential
for extracting useful information; and to identify methodologies that
can be applied to these situations and the fundamentals of a
standardized representation that could serve as the basis for
information exchange necessary for these methodologies to be
effectively used.” A crucial point in this is uncertainty annotation of
web (extending W3C standards [3]).
   Who and When - will create, maintain and use this annotation. Will
this annotation be done by a human creator using an annotation
supporting tool for web page creation? Or will it be done by a third
party annotation? For this, we will discuss a refinement of URW3XG
use cases. Possible use of this enriched web will be for humans and
services.
   Where - will be this annotations stored. Our proposal is based on the
web crawler Egothor repository [4] (we have crawled data in size of
several TB from .cz domain) and an additional semantic repository
build on the top using data pile technology [5].
   How – to semantically enrich information and how to measure
success and/or progress of such enrichment. This problem consists of
two parts, namely, a data mining task and an ontology modeling task.
Third party annotation of great size can be done only in an automated
way and it should be done according to an ontology.

  Our annotation ontology grows out of URW3XG uncertainty
ontology and extends some features needed for annotation. Below we
2    J. Dedek, A. Eckhardt, L. Galambos, P. Vojtas


show a part of our annotation ontology in Fig. 1. We start here from an
assumption that a part of annotation will be done by a web information
extraction and that this is the main source of uncertainty.




                     Fig. 1. Part of our uncertainty annotation ontology

  Web information extraction splits pages to dominantly tabular and/or
textual. Uncertainty issues connected with information extraction (and
annotation) from tabular pages were discussed in [1]. Extraction of
textual pages will use techniques described in [6]. Both approaches
(and any other approach) generate a level of (un)certainty they have
about their annotations. Also users, human or agents, can review these
uncertainties and provide feedback about them.
  Success of this approach can be measured primarily by the advance
of semantic web functionalities. This is easier to measure for software
agents. More difficult is to design metrics to measure human user
satisfaction. All these aspects will be discussed in this presentation.
  Acknowledgement. This work was partially supported by Czech projects
1ET100300517, 1ET100300419 and MSM-0021620838.

    References.
[1] Eckhardt A., Horváth T., Maruš!ák D., Novotný R. , Vojtáš P.: Uncertainty Issues in
   Automating Process Connecting Web and User, in URSW '07 Uncertainty Reasoning for
   the Semantic Web. CEUR-WS.org/Vol-327/paper9.pdf
[2] Uncertainty Reasoning for the World Wide Web W3C Incubator Group Report 31 March
   2008, http://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/urw3/XGR-urw3/
[3] Search at http://www.w3.org/ for Ruby Annotation, GRDDL, RDFa
[4] Egothor search engine http://www.egothor.org/
[5] Bednárek, D., Obdržálek, D., Yaghob, J., Zavoral, F.: Data Integration Using DataPile
   Structure, In: Proceedings of the 9th East-European Conference on Advances in Databases
   and Information Systems, ADBIS 2005, Tallinn, ISBN 9985-59-545-9, 2005, 178-188
[6] J. D"dek, P. Vojtáš. Linguistic extraction for semantic annotation , accepted for IDC 2008,
   Catania, Sicily, to appear in the Symposium Proceedings, which will be published by
   Springer as a part of their series Studies in Computational Intelligence

</pre>