Our intelligent shopping assistant, Ma$$ive, is a web application for mobile phones that aims to help users with their everyday grocery shopping by o ering features such as natural language shopping lists, product recommendations, special o ers, recipes and in-shop navigation. This short paper brie y describes the current and planned features of Ma$$ive.
Grocery shopping is one of the most fundamental everyday activities. For most
customers a shopping list is an integral part of the shopping experience. Studies
have suggested that shopping lists serve, e.g., as memory aids [
Retailing provides an interesting domain for ubicomp applications, not least
because of the domain's large business potential. Many proposed ubiquitous
retailing applications are based on instrumented shopping assistants (e.g., an
intelligent shopping cart) and also often rely on RFID product identi cation,
see e.g., [
We have developed a mobile shopping assistant, Ma$$ive, that runs on mobile phones. Ma$$ive is as a web application, and can thus in principle run on any mobile device with an AJAX capable browser, but so far we have focused our development on the Nokia E61i, which is a 3G mobile phone equipped with a QWERTY keyboard and WiFi (Fig. 1). In the following sections, we brie y describe the current and planned features of Ma$$ive.
Contrary to previous shopping assistants, Ma$$ive allows users to write shopping lists using natural language and without requiring any prede ned product taxonomy.
Whereas customers tend to use natural language for describing products,
grocery stores use product speci c information. In order to provide information
about product o ers, location of products etc., the natural language entries in
shopping lists need to mapped into products in a store. As part of Ma$$ive, we
have developed a grocery retrieval engine that supports this task. User
evaluations have indicated that our retrieval engine can determine appropriate products
for approximately 80% of shopping list entries. More details about the retrieval
engine and its evaluation are given in [
In order to speed up text entry on mobile devices, we have integrated predictive text input that uses association rules mined from a large amount of shopping data in order to rank the suggestions made by the system, based on the user's current shopping list. For example, if the user's shopping list already contains ice cream, chocolate sauce might get ranked higher because of a rule ice cream ) chocolate sauce. This leads to the correct item being suggested after fewer key presses when compared to traditional frequency based systems. We conducted a user study, and found that text input speed increased by approximately 40%, while error rates dropped by over 80% compared to the nonpredictive version [8].
In order to make personalised product recommendations, we have combined our grocery retrieval engine with generalized association rules mined from a large set of shopping data. We rst use the grocery retrieval engine to translate the natural language items on the user's shopping list into actual products in the store. We then look for the actual products, and their parent categories, in the antecedents of a large set of generalized association rules. The scores from the grocery retrieval engine are combined with the interest of the association rules in order to rank the recommendations. Details about the implementation and user study results can be found in [9].
In a survey on feature preferences that we conducted in our partner supermarket, features that could help the customer to save money, e.g., price comparison and special o ers, were ranked the highest. To this end, Ma$$ive can display all of the current special o ers in the supermarket. In the future, we plan to sort and rank these based on the users's interests and current shopping list. We could also suggest recipes based on what's on special o er.
A common scenario is that a person is doing his or her grocery shopping after work, but is unsure of what to cook. The person might have some left over ham in the fridge, and would like to make use of it. In this scenario, the person could use Ma$$ive 's recipe search feature to look for recipes containing ham. The ingredients can then easily be added to the shopping list if desired.
In the future, we plan to detect and recommend recipes based on the items on the shopping list. If it seems from already selected items that a certain dish is to be prepared, the missing ingredients could be suggested to the customers as reminders: "Do you also need eggs?"
A common task for shoppers is to nd a particular product. To facilitate this task, we plan to integrate navigation support into Ma$$ive. We will implement di erent ways of providing the information and evaluate these ways with real customers: textual information about where to nd the product (e.g., aisle number), a map view of the shop, pictures showing the direction of where to go, and providing directions using landmarks ("go towards the meat desk") with optional voice output. The user is located using a commercial WiFi positioning engine.
Our plan is to integrate the product recommendations with advertisements. First of all, matching the recommendations against a database of current product o ers makes it possible to rank the advertisements based on how interesting they are to the user. Secondly, the location of the user can be used to trigger the advertisements when the user is near the corresponding products.
Developing Ma$$ive as a web application has proven to be challenging due to unpredictable browser behaviour and very limited debugging options. So far we have been able to work around these limitations, and we expect the situation to improve rapidly as mobile web applications become more and more popular.
The authors are thankful to their present and past colleagues in the project. This work was supported by the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation TEKES, under the project Personalised Ubiservices in Public Spaces. The work was also supported in part by the ICT program of the European Community, under the PASCAL2 network of excellence, ICT-216886-PASCAL2. The publication only re ects the authors' views. 8. Nurmi, P., Forsblom, A., Floreen, P., Peltonen, P., Saarikko, P.: Predictive text input in a mobile shopping assistant: Methods and interface design. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI), ACM (2009) 9. Nurmi, P., Forsblom, A., Floreen, P.: Grocery product recommendations from natural language inputs. In: Proceedings of the First and Seventeenth International Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation, and Personalization. LNCS, Springer (2009) Accepted for publication.