Lots of older people use the Internet and its services: they communicate with their friends and family by e-mail and instant messaging, manage their bank accounts, book travel, compare prices and sometimes even shop online. Around 2020, there will be more 60 year-olds than there are 20 year-olds. Senior citizens will be a preferred target for online services. European Legislation and Web Standardization Committees are already addressing this question. This video aims to educate the designers of tomorrow about the difficulties faced by seniors. Through testimonials, they will learn about the various aspects they must take into consideration to facilitate the use of their interfaces by older people.
INTRODUCTION
Everyone recognizes that the internet is being used by
increasingly younger children. But the real challenge that
the scientists of the 21st century will have to resolve, will
be the use of computers by increasingly older people.
According to reference [
Failing eyesight affects all seniors and causes reading difficulties especially when small size and special fonts are used. Vision decline also raises problems while distinguishing clickable elements and catching message from animated elements. A lot of seniors also encounter color perception weakening so that they need high contrast ratio between text and background to read easily. Hearing loss also affects a lot of seniors but raises fewer difficulties for surfing the web. However, catching message from audio resources may become challenging.
Motor skill diminishing affects a majority of the elderly, so that doing a precise aim with the mouse becomes arduous. Scrolling menu especially cause problems.
A lot of studies show that the ability to perform mental operations changes with age. The mental abilities affected by aging are essentially information processing, attention, memory, executive functioning, visiospatial abilities and language. While surfing the web, seniors trend to loose themselves virtually and encounter difficulties to detect and use the navigation mechanism. They slower process data and are therefore often overwhelmed by the information stream on a web page. Finally, cognitive decline also affects adaptability ability so that the elderly often refuse new techniques.
This literature review was widely helped by the interactions of Isabelle Motte in the W3C WAI-AGE working group [15] working on the second version of W3C accessibility guidelines [16].
THE VIDEO SCREENPLAY The interviewed people are six seniors, a specialist in sociology of science and technology, a general practitioner and a voluntary trainer for a senior group. These different speakers alternate to introduce the major question of population aging, to present some activities of seniors on the web and to underline their specific difficulties. We tried to illustrate as much as possible the difficulties referred in our literature review trough sequences presenting testimonials with seniors.
CONCLUSION Our aim was to make young designers aware of the question of population aging and of the specific accessibility difficulties of seniors. We studied literature and structured the seniors accessibility difficulties according to the sensory changes associated to aging. The final video implies different speakers among which seniors filmed during web surf sessions. The film was produced by the SAVE (Service Audio-Visuel et électronique) of the University of Namur. (2) AARP. Designing Web Sites for Older Adults: Heuristics. Retrieved on May 25, 2008 from http://www.aarp.org/olderwiserwired/owwresources/designing_web_sites_for_older_adults_heur istics.html. (3) Agelight LLC. Interface Design Guidelines for Users of all Ages. Retrieved on May 25, 2008 from http://www.agelight.com/webdocs/designguide.pdf. (4) Boucher A. Ergonomie web pour des sites web efficaces, Eyrolles 2007, 207-209. (5) Carmichael, A. Style Guide for the design of interactive television services for elderly viewers. Retrieved on April 6, 2009 from http://www.computing.dundee.ac.uk/projects/UTOPI A/publications/Carmichael%20%20DesignStyleGuideFinal.pdf. (6) Coyne, K.P. & Nielsen, J. Web Usability for Senior Citizens - design guidelines based on usability studies with people age 65 and older. Retrieved on May 25, 2008 from http://www.useit.com/alertbox/seniors.html. (7) De Redish, J. & Chisnell, D. Designing Web Sites for Older Adults: A Review of Recent Literature. Retrieved on May 25, 2009 from http://assets.aarp.org/www.aarp.orog_/articles/researc h/oww/AARP-LitReview2004.pdf. (8) Fidgeon, T. Usability for Older Web Users, report from WebCredible Group, Retrieved on May 25, 2008 from http://www.webcredible.co.uk/user-friendlyresources/web-usability/older-users.shtml. (9) Holt, B. Creating Senior Friendly Websites, Issue Brief 1(4) Centre for Mediacare Education Retrieved on May 25, 2009 from http://www.medicareed.org/PublicationFiles/V1N4.pd f. (10) NIH & NLM. Making Your Web Site Senior Friendly: A Checklist , National Institute on Aging and National Library of Medicine , Retrieved on May 25, 2008 from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/checklist.pdf. (12) SOPRANO project SOC. Review of social & cultural aspects, pages 12-42. Retrieved on May 25, 2008 from http://www.sopranoip.org/ecportal.asp?id=226&nt=18&lang=1. (14) W3C EOWG. Web Accessibility for Older Users : A Litterature review (Working Draft), W3C Education and Outreach Working Group, Copyright © World Wide Web Consortium, (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics, Keio University). All Rights Reserved. http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/2002/copyright -documents-20021231 Retrieved May 25, 2008 from http://www.w3.org/TR/wai-age-literature/. (15) W3C WAI-AGE Group. WAI Guidelines and older users: findings from a litterature review. [Editor's DRAFT - 11 March 2009]. Copyright © World Wide Web Consortium, (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics, Keio University). All Rights Reserved. http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/2002/copyright -documents-20021231 Retrieved on April 6, 2009 from http://www.w3.org/WAI/WAI
AGE/comparative.html. (16) W3C WCAG 2.0 Recommendation. Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0 - W3C Recommendation 11 December 2008. Copyright © World Wide Web Consortium, (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics, Keio University). All Rights Reserved. http://www.w3.org/Consortium/Legal/2002/copyright -documents-20021231 Retrieved on April 6, 2009 from http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-WCAG2020081211/.