=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=Vol-508/paper-5
|storemode=property
|title=Creating Dynamic Wiki Pages with Section-Tagging
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-508/paper4.pdf
|volume=Vol-508
}}
==Creating Dynamic Wiki Pages with Section-Tagging==
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-508/paper4.pdf
Creating Dynamic Wiki Pages with Section-Tagging
Denis Helic Anwar Us Saeed Christoph Trattner
IWM, TU-Graz IWM, TU-Graz IICM, TU-Graz
Inffeldgasse 16c Inffeldgasse 21A Inffeldgasse 16c
8010 Graz, Austria 8010 Graz, Austria 8010 Graz, Austria
dhelic@iicm.edu anwar.ussaeed@student.tugraz.at ctrattner@iicm.edu
ABSTRACT resources, restructuring, modification, and adaptation of
Authoring and editing processes in wiki systems are often tedious. information object according to the perceived context [6]. The
Sheer amount of information makes it difficult for authors to reuse of existing content in the form of copy-paste mechanisms in
organize the related information in a way that is easily accessible order to restructure and create new documents is applied by
and retrievable for future reference. Social bookmarking systems authors frequently. For example, a typical editing workflow in
provide possibilities to tag and organize related resources that can wiki systems involves investigating volumes of information where
be later retrieved by navigating in so-called tag clouds. Usually, in fact only small part of that information is relevant to the current
tagging systems do not offer a possibility to tag sections of user need. Thus, the user has to browse all the resources again and
resources but only a resource as a whole. However, authors of again to review the related pieces of information from their
new wiki pages are typically interested only in certain parts of relevant or selected resources. This typically requires a lot of
other wiki pages that are related to their current editing process. effort and time.
This paper describes a new approach applied in a wiki-based On the other hand resource organization with tagging and
online encyclopedia that allows authors to tag interesting wiki bookmarking services like Delicious, Citeulike or bibsonomy
pages sections. The tags are then used to dynamically create new have received community focus due to ease of use and
wiki pages out of tagged sections for further editing. information discovery mechanisms. In social tagging and
bookmarking applications users assign free form keywords and
Categories and Subject Descriptors annotations to the addresses (URLs) of an information resource
I.7.1 [Document and Text Processing]: Document and Text (e.g., a web page) [8]. These keywords relate the current user
Editing – Document management, Version control. context to the content of a tagged resource. The weighted set of
keywords (tags) assigned to a resource by all users within a
system is called the tag cloud. Tag cloud is a visual representation
General Terms of tag terms in which their font is scaled according to their
Design, Experimentation frequency weights.
As [3] suggests the user motivation to tag a resource might be
Keywords organizational or communicational on one hand, and on the other
Section Tagging, Wiki systems, Austria-Forum hand the users tag resources for their personal use and/or to share
them with others. For example, users who tag resources for their
1. INTRODUCTION personal use in an organizational sense use social tagging
The popularity of social software has brought up new user applications to organize interesting, important, and related
generated content and metadata resources in the form of wikis, resources according to their current needs. The tags are applied as
blogs, social tagging and bookmarking applications. These new a support for later search and retrieval of tagged resources via
systems have emerged as a major force driving the search or navigating the tag cloud. Typically, the tag cloud
reshaping of information spaces on the World Wide Web to better provides an overview of defined tags showing only the tags
serve both collaborative and personalized information needs of themselves but not the actual content of the tagged resources. The
users. In social software applications Web has drifted towards resources are represented via navigable links. Another motivation
users’ content creation instead of the commercial content as a of using tags is to share them with other users and in such a
major contributing factor to Web resources. scenario tags are typically used in a communicational sense to
send signals to other users about resources that might be of
For instance, wikis are used for sharing, management, and interest in a more general case.
organization of knowledge. Wikipedia is a user-created
encyclopedia and a well known example of a wiki system. Wiki Regardless of users tagging scope- personal resource organization
systems are asynchronous, collaborative authoring and content or sharing it with others- they have to tag the whole resource.
versioning systems where any user can add and edit content. A This, however, does not always fulfill the users need. For
new version of the page is stored in the system after each editing example, users are often viewing content and are interested only
operation [2]. in one part of the whole content. For future use users tag and
bookmark it with a keyword that would be helpful later to retrieve
In wiki systems, user’s content-creation/authoring processes the content. In this case users tag the whole content with a
involve laborious tasks like information selection from diverse navigational keyword useless to represent the context of resource
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but a useful one for them to reach the content section of their collaborative authoring tool such as wiki. Moreover, the intention
interest. This unrelated navigational tag in tag cloud will create is to offer a number of community tools that will support users in
noise. But users have no option to tag a particular interesting retrieving information quickly and reduce the complexity of
section within the whole resource. Such an option of tagging a editing workflow. Among such tools is also the above presented
part of resource may increase the user efficiency for later content section-tagging tool.
retrieving, as well as help reducing noise from document tag
Even if the Austria-Forum wiki is still under development, it
cloud and providing a separate content-focused section tag cloud.
nearly offers ideal environment to test the concept because a huge
To overcome above mentioned problems we present a novel amount of test data is available.
modified social tagging approach. The benefit of such an
approach has been illustrated in a wiki system on the example of
simplifying the editing process. We call this new approach
3. SECTION TAGGING AND
section-tagging as it supports users to assign keywords and PERSONALIZATION
annotate sections of a wiki page. Section tagging is a novel social tagging approach which allows
users to annotate the content of interest within a resource using
To practically implement and test the idea we extended the free form keywords.
functionality of an online encyclopedia called Austria-Forum with
section tagging along with the conventional social tagging. The The implemented approach differs from existing tagging and
rest of the paper is organized as follows. The next section bookmarking services in the following way. First, it allows the
describes in more details the Austria-Forum system. The third tagging of subdocument level content. Second, tag retrieves not
section discusses the idea of section tagging in Austria-Forum and merely the set of links annotated by tag keyword but also the
how it may be used to support content retrieval and to simplify a actual content of the tagged sections. Thus, when the user clicks
typical editing workflow. The fourth section describes the on a tag all sections from wiki pages that have been tagged with
implementation of section-tagging idea within Austria-Forum. the particular term by the specific user are dynamically loaded and
The last section provides conclusions and an overview of the presented to the user in the form of a standard wiki page.
future work. The section of a wiki page is a self explaining piece of
information about some topic of interest. Tagged content snippets
2. AUSTRIA-FORUM in the case of section tagging have conceptual relationship to
Austria-Forum [4] is a networked information system that perceived structure of an information object that the user relates to
manages a very large repository of information items, where new the tag terms. Hence, the context of information snippet of user’s
information items are easily published, edited, checked, assessed, interest is more relevant to the user perception of an information
and certified, and where the correctness and a high quality of each object in relation to the tag terms. The underlying idea of such an
of these items is backed by a person that is accepted as an expert approach is based on personalized content aggregation from
in a particular field. Consequently, each of the information items different wiki pages because the wiki system may not hold the
is citable as any other editorially checked content and might be required information in one page but typically in various pages.
used in education, scientific research, or journalism. The content
Personalization in Austria-Forum refers to the content annotation
of Austria-Forum is always related to Austria – as such Austria-
and aggregation from different wiki pages according to users’
Forum might be seen as an Austrian online encyclopedia.
intent. A typical personalization scenario involves users
In the first experimental phase of Austria-Forum the system had collecting, customizing, and modifying diverse text snippets from
an editorial board of more than 20 editors and a growing different wiki pages within an informational focus being described
community of users. The number of users who contributed with by the given tag keyword.
the content was more than 100. The number of unique users who
System offers two levels of personalization:
have visited the site is around 4000 each month.
- Users can tag and annotate sections of wiki pages as well as
The current number of contributions is around 80000 (including full pages and hence personalize the content of interest.
pictures and videos as well as the content converted from the - A dynamic personalized wiki page content view is created
well-known Austrian cultural information system AEIOU [1]), out for a user by aggregating all sections tagged by him with a
of which around 6000 are user-generated contributions – particular keyword. The aggregated sections are retrieved
approximately 8% of all contributions. Most of these user from the same versions of wiki pages which were used while
contributions are pictures and photos, with a small number of tagging. The rank of a particular section within this
blogs, discussion forum posts, and comments. Although these aggregated set is determined by the frequency of same tag
numbers are quite substantial for a site that has been online assigned by other users to this section.
experimentally a more active community involvement is desired.
Community tools and facilities are already present in the system. The resulting dynamic personalized wiki page can further be
However, as a number of users suggested, usability and a better collaboratively edited to create a logically complete information
integration of different community tools with the main system object reflecting the particular user context. The system facilitates
needs to be improved. further the personal/collaborative knowledge creation and
management. Dynamic wiki pages created by collecting snippets
Therefore, the original system that was technically based on an in- of information from diverse wiki pages allow users to restructure
house developed content-management system has been replaced and organize information on multiple axes of personalization.
by an open-source wiki software called JSPWiki [5]. The idea
here is that more users will be attracted to a well-known
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Currently, the section tagging is primarily used for supporting The JSPWiki system is based on a clean and extensible plug-in
editing workflow in the system. For example, suppose that an and filter architecture that allows easy addition and configuration
author is writing a new contribution on the Mozart’s birth house. of new modules.
Before writing about the birth house the author wants to have an
The filter mechanism allows on the fly parsing and modifying of
introductory section about Mozart that includes the basic
wiki pages before they are rendered.
biographical information, the list of Mozart symphonies and a
picture of the Mozart monument in Vienna. The basic On the other hand, the plug-in mechanism allows server-side
biographical information is included in the first section of the code to be referenced from within a wiki page. This code
page on Mozart biography, the list of symphonies is described in dynamically produces wiki content that can be included in the
the page on Mozart’s work and the Mozart monument is depicted wiki page that refers to the plug-in.
in the page that talks about monuments in Vienna. Thus, the
author tags all the appropriate section in pages in question with a Thus, technically the ST module is a filter module as it inserts
tag “Mozart”. In the personal section-tag cloud the tag “Mozart” section-tagging functionality into already existing wiki pages by
is now visible. When the author clicks on that tag a new dynamic pre-processing them; the PCC module is a plug-in module that
wiki page including three tagged sections from three different dynamically creates a new wiki page according to the selected tag
wiki pages is created on the fly. The author chooses to save the and the tagged sections from various wiki pages.
dynamically created page in the system. Now, the author can
access the new page as any other wiki page and edit it by 4.1 Section-Tagging Module
restructuring sections and adding new sections about Mozart’s ST module is a filter for pre-processing of rendered wiki pages.
birth house. This unit is responsible for extending document object model
(DOM) of a rendered wiki page via a JavaScript module called ST
4. IMPLEMENTATION ASPECTS form module. As shown in Figure 1, this module supplies a simple
As described before, the core of the section-tagging mechanism is to use pop-up form (red colored box in front of section) that
to allow users to tag not only a whole wiki page, but also to tag a visualizes particular semantic section information by an
particular section (identified with a heading). In this way users onmouseover effect and letting the user tag a section using the
add semantic information to arbitrary sections of different wiki onclick event. Moreover the ST form module also supplies the
pages. In the next step, it is possible to extract sections referred by database connector module with information about the currently
a particular tag and to create a new personalized wiki page out of tagged section number and page version.
tagged content snippets. The actual centerpiece of the ST module is a unit called ST plug-
The implementation of the section concept is comprised of two in. It loads and manipulates the data from the ST data storage
functional modules, called Section-Tagging (ST) and backend module, extracts user data from the ST security module
Personalized-Content-Creation (PCC) module. and handles data sent by the ST form module via
XMLHTTPRequest (see Figure 2).
Figure 1: ST form module
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As a data storage module the open-source content-management In order to have a clear relationship between page sections, page
system Scuttle [7] is deployed. The database itself is not accessed versions and corresponding tags and still offer a readable URI
by the API which the systems offers but by the database connector without changing the database structure itself, the well known
module which extracts user data such as username and IP address (X)HTML method of creating links within a hypertext document
directly from the JSPWiki user session module. This user data was adopted in the following form:
record is stored together with a special section URI to the Scuttle
http://#_
database by the plug-in module every time a section is tagged by
the user, in order to guarantee an unambiguous relationship Thus a section of a wiki page can be easily addressed to a tag and
between user and tagged sections. vice versa by adding a fraction identifier holding information
about the section ID () and page version ().
JSPWiki
GetUser
Engine GetPage
Version() Data()
Section1
TextTextTextTextTextTextText
TextTextTextTextText…
Section2
Text Text Text Text Text Text
Text Text Text Text Text Text
Section3
Text Text Text Text Text Text
Text Text Text Text Text Text
…
Security
Module
Database DataStorage
Filter Plugin Connector
Module Module Module (Scuttle)
ST Module
Section1
TextTextTextTextTextTextText
TextTextTextTextText… Tag1, Tag2 ok
Section2
Text Text Text Text Text Text
Browser Text Text Text Text Text Text
Section3
Text Text Text Text Text Text
Text Text Text Text Text Text
…
View
Figure 2: Architectural diagram of the ST module
4.2 Personalized-Content-Creation Module 5. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK
The PCC module is implemented as a plug-in that can be included A novel approach for tagging sections of wiki pages has been
in any wiki page. Currently, this module is included in a presented. This approach is able to personalize the users’ content
personalized wiki page that is shown on the right-side of the user in an efficient way. This approach has reduced the manual effort
screen. It shows a standard tag cloud with tags assigned by a required to author a wiki-page about a topic. Often, the wiki
particular user to wiki page sections of interest. When a user system may not have the required info in one page but typically in
clicks on a tag the PCC module retrieves all tagged sections using various pages. Therefore, a combination of the social tagging
the appropriate wiki page versions. The sections are then approach with the wiki concept in an innovative manner facilitates
dynamically combined into a wiki page that is shown to the user. an easy retrieval of the relevant content in the form of a new
The user has then the possibility to edit and modify this new wiki dynamically created wiki page. Such dynamic wiki pages created
page using the standard wiki editor and to save the editing by collecting snippets of information from diverse wiki pages
operations in a completely new wiki page for later retrieval. allow users to restructure and organize information on multiple
Moreover, the dynamic page can be still retrieved at all times by axes that best fit their current needs.
simply clicking on the appropriate tag. Note that the dynamic The future work includes:
page is always created on the fly, thus whenever the user adds tags - Testing and evaluating the section-tagging approach with a
to sections of some other wiki pages this will be reflected in the number of users during the experimental phase of Austria-
dynamic page as the page will include the new sections. Forum.
21
- Sharing of section tags between users, i.e. not only a symposium on wikis, p.3-15, October 16-18, 2005, San
personalized section-tag cloud should be generated but also Diego, California.
a global one with tags from all users. DOI= http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1104973.1104974.
- Interesting aspects of global section-tag clouds will be the [3] Ames, M. and Naaman, M. 2007. Why we tag: motivations
tag and section selection strategy in the case that there are for annotation in mobile and online media. In Proceedings of
numerous sections tagged by a particular tag. A the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing
collaborative filtering approach taking into the account the Systems (San Jose, California, USA, April 28 - May 03,
user profiles might be needed to limit the sections only to 2007). CHI '07. ACM, New York, NY, 971-980. DOI=
those that are most relevant. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1240624.1240772.
- Extending the section-tagging approach to arbitrary Web [4] Austria-Forum, http://www.austria-forum.org. (Last visited:
resources. This can be implemented as browser plug-in in March 30, 2009).
future which will gather the tagged content in a dynamic [5] JSPWiki, http://www.jspwiki.org. (Last visited: March 30,
wiki system as a Web based service. 2009).
[6] Nelson, L., Smetters, D., and Churchill, E. F. 2008.
6. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Keyholes: selective sharing in close collaboration. In CHI '08
We would like to thank Prof. Hermann Maurer and Mr.
Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing
Muhammad Tanvir Afzal for providing supporting discussions,
Systems (Florence, Italy, April 05 - 10, 2008). CHI '08.
valued inputs, and comments. The research of this contribution is
ACM, New York, NY, 2443-2452. DOI=
funded by Higher Education Commission of Pakistan and
http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1358628.1358701.
TUGraz.
[7] Scuttle, http://sourceforge.net/projects/scuttle. (Last visited:
March 30, 2009).
7. REFERENCES
[1] AEIOU - Annotierbare Elektronische Interaktive [8] Tony Hammond, Timo Hannay, Ben Lund, and Joanna Scott.
Oesterreichische Universal-Informationssystem, Social Bookmarking Tools (I): A General Review. D-Lib
http://aeiou.iicm.tugraz.at. (Last visited: March 30, 2009). Magazine, 11(4), April 2005.
[2] Alain Désilets , Sébastien Paquet , Norman G. Vinson, Are
wikis usable?, Proceedings of the 2005 international
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