=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=None
|storemode=property
|title=Building a Requirements Engineering Methodology for Software Product Lines
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-662/paper_8.pdf
|volume=Vol-662
|dblpUrl=https://dblp.org/rec/conf/eis/HuysegomsSD10
}}
==Building a Requirements Engineering Methodology for Software Product Lines==
5th SIKS/BENAIS Conference on Enterprise Information Systems
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