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				<title level="a" type="main">Using Concept and Structure Similarities for Ontology Integration</title>
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							<persName><forename type="first">Xiulei</forename><surname>Liu</surname></persName>
							<email>xiulei.liu@surrey.ac.uk</email>
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							<persName><forename type="first">Payam</forename><surname>Barnaghi</surname></persName>
							<email>p.barnaghi@surrey.ac.uk</email>
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							<persName><forename type="first">Klaus</forename><surname>Moessner</surname></persName>
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							<persName><forename type="first">Jianxin</forename><surname>Liao</surname></persName>
							<email>liaojianxin@ebupt.com</email>
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								<orgName type="institution">Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications</orgName>
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						<title level="a" type="main">Using Concept and Structure Similarities for Ontology Integration</title>
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<div xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><p>We propose a method to align different ontologies in similar domains and then define correspondence between concepts in two different ontologies using the SKOS model.</p></div>
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<div xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><p>Introduction. Recently ontologies are created to provide knowledge representation. They use common representation languages such as OWL, but there are many heterogeneous ontologies <ref type="bibr" target="#b0">[1]</ref><ref type="bibr" target="#b1">[2]</ref><ref type="bibr" target="#b2">[3]</ref>. In this paper we first propose a lexical and structural analysis and compute the concept similarity as a combination of attributes, second use the SKOS model to define correspondence between concepts <ref type="bibr" target="#b3">[4]</ref>. Ontology Alignment Framework.To perform the matching between concepts in different ontologies, we focus both on syntactical and text in entity descriptions and also their semantic structure in the ontology representations. This process, illustrated in the block diagram shown in Figure <ref type="figure">1</ref>, is divided into two main sub-tasks: Alignment and SKOS translation. The inputs are two ontologies and result of the process is an SKOS-based ontology that contains automatically defined associations.The alignment task analyses lexical and structural attributes of ontologies to automatically produce associations between concepts. The relation is defined: R(A, B) =&lt; A, B, Relation, S(A, B) &gt; where A and B are ontology concepts, Relation describe semantic relations between these concepts which have five types: equal beIncluded, include, disjoint, related, and S(A, B) is similarity measure for two concepts based on their structure and lexical analysis. Defining SKOS-based Associations. After identifying possible relations between concepts, they are imported based on the SKOS model. This will provide an interconnection between two ontologies based on standard set of properties defined in the SKOS model. The SKOS mapping properties include skos:closeMatch, skos:exactMatch, skos:broadMatch, skos:narrowMatch and skos:relatedMatch. The properties maintain a mapping between SKOS concepts adapted from schemes. The relations in concept pairs defined in the previous section are based on synset relations in WordNet. They are obtained according to accessing the extended synset collection for each representative word that describes entities and calculating structural similarity We will map between synset and SKOS relations. By applying these mappings, the final product of the ontology integration process will include assertion axioms in which the related concepts from different ontologies are linked to each other based on SKOS relations. The integrated ontology will be a collection of concepts and properties from both ontologies and will also include the SKOS association properties. Figure <ref type="figure">2</ref> illustrates a part of the SKOS relations and concept alignment between two ontologies from the dataset (a complete set of our evaluation results using OAEI2008 dataset can be accessed from: http://tinyurl.com/38veolh).</p></div><figure xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:id="fig_0"><head>Fig. 1 .Fig. 2 .</head><label>12</label><figDesc>Fig. 1. The ontology alignment process</figDesc><graphic coords="1,160.70,538.36,293.97,80.94" type="bitmap" /></figure>
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<div xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0"><p>Acknowledgement.The work is partially supported by the m:Ciudad project funded by the European 7th Framework Programme, contract number: 215007. Xiulei Liu's and Jianxin Liao's research is supported by Chinese National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (No. 60525110) and Chinese National 973 Program (No. 2007CB307100, 2007CB307103).</p></div>
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