F. VAN ASSCIfE JAMES MARTIN ASSOCIATES
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CONTENTS THE SOFTWARE BACKLOG STORY
c===--------------I SOFTWARE PRODUCTION
4TH GL
CODE GENERATORS HAS BEEN THAT SYSTEM BUILDERS STILL DEVELOPED UNRELIABLE INFORMATION
SYSTEMS BUT NOW MUCH FASTER ( (
L~~~;nr-1 0~-----j 10 ~liLJi.~_____lLLh.~L....JLLh.~.L_.l:Lli.=.:L0l ~ 84 HOWEVER, ~ 87 MAINTENANCE IS NOT REDUCED 1979 REPORT BY U.S. ACCOUNTING DEPARTMENT
47 % 29 % 19 % 3% DISTRIBUTION OF BUGS
REQUIREMENTS
56 % DISTRIBUTION OF EFFORT TO FIX BUGS REQUIREMENTS 82% "':~:::::::::::::::::::_~J CODE
1% (
EVOLUTION OF
TIME SPENT BY DEVELOPERS 100%
L~N:'lE~W~A:lP=lP~IL~H~C~A:1':H(Q):N:S::=_l80% - error corrections - enhancements - extensions - converSIOn 1975 1980 1990 NEW AlPlPILHCAl'H({})NS time spent maintenance
CASE TOOLS:
State of the Art
CONCERNING CASE TOOLS • SOFfWARE ENGINEERING vs INFORMATION SYSTEM ENGINEERING •
WORK BENCH: PROGRAMMER WB, ANALYST WB, DESIGNER WB • UPPER CASE & LOWER CASE' .
FRONT END CASE & BACK END CASE • INTEGRATED PROJECT SUPPORT ENVIRONMENT (WSE) • I-CASE • CASE-SHELL
AREAS TO BE COVERED BY CASE-TOOLS
IMPROVING SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT ,e:./----r/ CONSTRUCT L-_~I/
PLAN l--._
_--Y/ ,.,::./----1"/
MANAGE
DESIGN l--._ _--Y/
ANALYSE ( I·CASE
NEED FOR INTEGRATION • •
WHAT of data models, process models, mmi of all stages of development, administration, project management WHY quality : error prevention; more powerful analysis; productivity : more powerful generation; administration • HOW central encyclopaedia
A TYPICAL I-CASE ARCHITECTURE
I N T E
HIGH LEVEL DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS
j,
HIGH LEVEL SPECIFICATIONS READ customer
WHICH makes ANY OCCURENCE OF booking
WITH received_date EQUAL TO CURRENT_DATE SET out booking fee_amount TO course daily-price· course days_duration • (100 - in customer discount_percentage) / 100 (
ADMINISTRATION • ADHERENCE TO STANDARDS • MODEL MANAGEMENT, MANAGING MULTIPLE MODELS • CONTROLLING USER ACCESS • VERSION CONTROL, VERSION DIFFERENCE REPORTING • SUBSETTING & MERGING • SELECTIVE GENERATION (
EFFECTIVENESS OF TOOLS COMPLEX! LARGE INF. SYS.
MEDIUM SIZE INF. SYS.
SMALL I.S.
TRIVIAL APPLICATIONS • •
• • • • • • No Tools • • • DEVELOPMENT AND RUN COSTS 40 30 20 10 0
Run 40 30 20 10 0 • THE HISTORY OF CASE TOOLS • CASE TOOLS STATE OF THE ART c=:::>. THE EVOLUTION OF APPLICATIONS • THE EVOLUTION OF APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT • EVOLUTION OF CASE TOOLS • EVOLUTION OF CASE TOOL DEVELOPMENT • THE IMPACT OF THESE INNOVATIONS ON PRODUCTIVITY & QUALITY
EVOLUTION IN THE
DOMAIN COVERED BY CASE TOOLS
EVOLUTION IN HeI SUPPORT • WINDOWS
ICONS MOUSE
POINTER DEVICES • OTHER INTERFACES
E.G. SPEECH RECOGNITION
SPEECH SYNTHESIS
CONTENTS • CASE TOOLS STATE OFTHE ART ¢ . THE EVOLUTION OF APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT • EVOLUTION OF CASE TOOL DEVELOPMENT • THE IMPACT OF THESE INNOVATIONS ON PRODUCTIVITY & QUALITY
EVOLUTION
IN APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT
MORE POWERFUL SPECIFICATION
LANGUAGES
NATURAL LANGUAGE
UNDERSTANDING • FROM SIMPLE PSEUDO-NATURAL LANGUAGE TO REAL
NATURAL UNDERSTANDING • CAPTURING THE INFORMATION SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS - THE CONCEPTUAL MODEL - DATA PERSPECTIVE - THE PROCESSIBEHA VIOUR PERSPECTIVE - THE EXTERNAL SPECIFICATIONS • INQUIRY - RETIHEVAL REQUESTS IN NATURAL LANGUAGE
NATURAL LANGUAGE
GENERATION GENERATING NATURAL LANGUAGE SENTENCES FOR EXPRESSING: - THE ER MODEL - DIFFERENT KINDS OF RULES - FIELD DESCRIPTIONS
EXAMPLE RULE-BASED SPECIFICATIONS
A scheduled flight must have its city of arrival different from its city of departure
The cheapest supplier(s)for a product are those that offer this product at a minimum price
Issue a purchase order only if there isn't already one outstanding
The last day of the month issue purchase orders for products of which the quantity in stock is less than its reorder point
RE-ENGINEERING CYCLE
Reverse Engineering
Forward Engineering I Business Analyst I I Data/System Analyst I
I DBAll'rogrammer I I Exisling applicalions I. -i New applications I • THE HISTORY OF CASE TOOLS • CASE TOOLS STATE OF THE ART • THE EVOLUTION OF APPLICATIONS • THE EVOLUTION OF APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT ¢ . EVOLUTION OF CASE TOOLS • EVOLUTION OF CASE TOOL DEVELOPMENT • THE IMPACT OF THESE INNOVATIONS ON PRODUCTIVITY & QUALITY STAR ARCHITECTURE VS NETWORK I I I I l UPPER CASE
LOWER CASE UPPER CASE LOWER CASE
MID RANGE MAINFRAME
EVOLUTION IN
GENERATING CAPABILITIES INDEPENDENT VENDORS WILL SUPPORT MORE
STANDARDISATION • STANDARDISATION OF METHODOLOGY • STANDARDISATION OF METHODOLOGY COMPONENTS • STANDARDISATION OF REPRESENTATION • STANDARDISATION OF INTER FACES • INTERNATIONAL STANDARDISATION EFFORTS - Information Resource Dictionary System Standard - IEEE-CS Task Force or Professional Tools - Portable Common Tool Environment PCTE - Common Ada Intelface Standard - ISO TC971SCSIWG3 on Conceptual
EVOLUTION IN ADMINISTRATION & CONFIGURATION
MANAGEMENT
CONFIGURING APPLICATIONS FROM (VERSIONS OF)
GENERATED SOFTWARE COMPONENTS CONFIGURING SPECIFICATIONS FROM (VERSIONS OF) ANALYSIS & DESIGN COMPONENTS
EXPERT SYSTEMS
EXPERT CONSULTANT DIFFERENT KINDS OF KNOWLEDGE INVOLVED • METHODOLOGY KNOW~EDGE • METHODOLOGY HEURISTICS • DOMAIN KNOWLEDGE -REFERENCE MODELS -MIXING & MATCHING OF PART OF DIFFERENT MODELS -PATTERN RECOGNITION -USING CERTAINTY FACTORS
CONTENTS c:>. • CASE TOOLS STATE OF THE ART
EVOLUTION OF CASE TOOL DEVELOPMENT
• CASE SHELL ,.. ..Standards & Methods
Information System .. specifications • CASE TOOL , r ~
+ SELF REGENERATING CAPABILITIES
- Spec nase . User
Base • THE HISTORY OF CASE TOOLS • CASE TOOLS STATE OF THE ART • THE EVOLUTION OF APPLICATIONS • THE EVOLUTION OF APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT • EVOLUTION OF CASE TOOLS • EVOLUTION OF CASE TOOL DEVELOPMENT ¢ . THE IMPACT OF THESE INNOVATIONS ON PRODUCTIVITY & QUALITY % of 1-:N~E~W:A:P7.P:LI:C_A_TI_O_N_-S----.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.J time spent ... rEENXHTEANNSCIEOMNESNTS
r:;;:-:;;~:;;:~--~~::~------I% of
time spent
1989