=Paper=
{{Paper
|id=None
|storemode=property
|title=On the Future of CASE Tools
|pdfUrl=https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-961/paper13.pdf
|volume=Vol-961
|dblpUrl=https://dblp.org/rec/conf/caise/Assche89
}}
==On the Future of CASE Tools==
https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-961/paper13.pdf
CASE89 STOCKHOLM
ON THE FUTURE OF CASE TOOLS
W[l]
IIIIIIlIIIII -l)
(
/~ ..../
(
F. VAN ASSCIfE
JAMES MARTIN ASSOCIATES
CONTENTS
\
¢ • THE HISTORY OF CASE TOOLS
• CASE TOOLS STATE OF THE ART
• THE EVOLUTION OF APPLICATIONS
• THE EVOLUTION OF APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT
• EVOLUTION OF CASE TOOLS
• EVOLUTION OF CASE TOOL DEVELOPMENT
• THE IMPACT OF THESE INNOVATIONS ON PRODUCTIVITY
& QUALITY
THE SOFTWARE BACKLOG STORY
INVISIBLE BACKLOG
VISIBLE BACKLOG
c===--------------I SOFTWARE PRODUCTION
THE RESULT OF USING
4TH GL
CODE GENERATORS
HAS BEEN THAT SYSTEM BUILDERS STILL
DEVELOPED UNRELIABLE INFORMATION
SYSTEMS BUT NOW MUCH FASTER
INCREASED PRODUCTIVITY
~------.~-----------,60
I-----------=:!..LJ:~i - - - - - - - - - - - - j 50
:I---------~40
\I-~~7l__-----~ 30
(
,l--]~~____._.,._-_4_"_-J 20
~~~;nr-1 0~-----j 10
L- 0
~liLJi.~_____lLLh.~L....JLLh.~.L_.l:Lli.=.:Ll
(
~ 84 HOWEVER,
~ 87 MAINTENANCE IS NOT REDUCED
1979 REPORT BY
U.S. ACCOUNTING DEPARTMENT
STUDY OF 9 FEDEUAL SOFTWAUE PUOJECTS
Total Amount 6.8 Million US$
47 % 3.3 M Delivered but never used
29 % 2.0M Paid but never delivered
19 % 1.3 M Abandoned or reworked
3% 0.2M Used after change
2% 0.1 M Used as delivered
DISTRIBUTION OF BUGS
REQUIREMENTS
56 %
DISTRIBUTION OF EFFORT TO FIX BUGS
(
REQUIREMENTS
82%
"':~:::::::::::::::::::_J~ CODE
1%
OTHER
4%
EVOLUTION OF
TIME SPENT BY DEVELOPERS
100%
L~N:'lE~W~A:lP=lP~IL~H~C~A:1':H(Q):N:S::=_l80%
50% - (Q)ILlDl AlPlPILHCAl'H(Q)NS
- error corrections
- enhancements
- extensions
- converSIOn
1975 1980 1990
time spent
NEW AlPlPILHCAl'H({})NS
maintenance
1975 1980 1990
CONTENTS
• THE HISTORY OF CASE TOOLS
¢ • CASE TOOLS STATE OF THE ART
• THE EVOLUTION OF APPLICATIONS
• THE EVOLUTION OF APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT
• EVOLUTION OF CASE TOOLS
• EVOLUTION OF CASE TOOL DEVELOPMENT
• THE IMPACT OF THESE INNOVATIONS ON PRODUCTIVITY
& QUALITY
CASE TOOLS:
State of the Art
(
• TERMINOLOGY
• AREAS TO BE COVERED BY CASE TOOLS
• THE NEED FOR INTEGRATION
• A TYPICAL I-CASE ARCHITECTURE
• HIGH-LEVEL DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS
• ADMINISTRATION
• EFFECTIVENESS OF CASE TOOLS
• REDUCTION OF COSTS
TERMINOLOGY
CONCERNING CASE TOOLS
• SOFfWARE ENGINEERING vs INFORMATION SYSTEM ENGINEERING
• WORK BENCH: PROGRAMMER WB, ANALYST WB, DESIGNER WB
• UPPER CASE & LOWER CASE' .
FRONT END CASE & BACK END CASE
• INTEGRATED PROJECT SUPPORT ENVIRONMENT (WSE)
• I-CASE
• CASE-SHELL
AREAS TO BE
COVERED BY CASE-TOOLS
lNFORMAllON' BUSINESS BUSINESS TECHNICAL
SmATEGY AREA SYSTEM DESIGN &. TRANSmQN PRODUcnON
PLANNING ANALYSIS DESIGN CONSTRUCTION
INFORMATION SYSTEM
DEVELOPMENT
CONFIGURATION
MANAGEMENT
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
IMPROVING SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT
PLAN
l - - ._ _ --Y/
,e:./----r/ ,.,::./----1"/
CONSTRUCT MANAGE ANALYSE (
L-_~I/
DESIGN
l - - ._ _ --Y/
I·CASE NEED FOR INTEGRATION
• WHAT
of data models, process models, mmi
of all stages
of development, administration, project management
• WHY
quality : error prevention; more powerful analysis;
productivity : more powerful generation; administration
• HOW
central encyclopaedia
A TYPICAL I-CASE ARCHITECTURE
I
N
T
E
G ......
R
A
T
a
R
WORKSTATION CENTRAL PLATFORM TARGET
HIGH LEVEL DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS
SCREENS and PROCEDURE
E·R ACTION 100% COMPLETE
DIALOGUES MODEL DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS
DIAGRAMS
DATA
STRUCTURE
DIAGRAM
j, j, j,
MAN MACHINE CODOl PROGRAMS 100% COMPLETE
DATA DASE
INTERFACE EMDEDDED SQl GENERATED APPLICATION
HIGH LEVEL SPECIFICATIONS
READ customer
WHICH makes ANY OCCURENCE OF booking
WITH received_date EQUAL TO CURRENT_DATE
SET out booking fee_amount TO course daily-price· course
days_duration • (100 - in customer (
discount_percentage) / 100
ADMINISTRATION
• ADHERENCE TO STANDARDS
• MODEL MANAGEMENT, MANAGING MULTIPLE MODELS
• CONTROLLING USER ACCESS
• VERSION CONTROL, VERSION DIFFERENCE REPORTING
• SUBSETTING & MERGING
• SELECTIVE GENERATION
EFFECTIVENESS OF TOOLS
•
COMPLEX!
LARGE
INF. SYS. •
MEDIUM SIZE
INF. SYS. •
• •
SMALL
I.S.
• • •
(
TRIVIAL
APPLICATIONS
• • •
No Tools Isolated Tools ICASE
4GLlApplic.
gen.
EVOLUTION OF
DEVELOPMENT AND RUN COSTS
40 40
30 30
20 20
10 10
Run
0 0
1974 1989
CONTENTS
• THE HISTORY OF CASE TOOLS
• CASE TOOLS STATE OF THE ART
c=:::>. THE EVOLUTION OF APPLICATIONS
• THE EVOLUTION OF APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT
• EVOLUTION OF CASE TOOLS
• EVOLUTION OF CASE TOOL DEVELOPMENT
• THE IMPACT OF THESE INNOVATIONS ON PRODUCTIVITY
& QUALITY
EVOLUTION IN THE
DOMAIN COVERED BY CASE TOOLS
• MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS
• LOW LEVEL SOFTWARE (OPERATING SYSTEMS, COMPILERS,
DBMS, ...)
• REAL TIME SYSTEMS
• DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS
• ENTERPRISE MODELLING
• DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS
EVOLUTION IN HeI SUPPORT
• GRAPHICS
• WINDOWS
ICONS
( MOUSE
POINTER DEVICES
• OTHER INTERFACES
E.G. SPEECH RECOGNITION
(
SPEECH SYNTHESIS
CONTENTS
• THE HISTORY OF CASE TOOLS
• CASE TOOLS STATE OFTHE ART
• THE EVOLUTION OF APPLICATIONS
¢. THE EVOLUTION OF APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT
• EVOLUTION OF CASE TOOLS
• EVOLUTION OF CASE TOOL DEVELOPMENT
• THE IMPACT OF THESE INNOVA TIONS ON PRODUCTIVITY
& QUALITY
EVOLUTION
IN APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT
• OBJECT ORIENTED APPROACH
• MORE POWERFUL SPECIFICATION LANGUAGES
• CUSTOMIZING TEMPLATE APPLICATIONS
• RE-ENGINEERING
MORE POWERFUL SPECIFICATION
LANGUAGES
• ADVANCED KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION TECHNIQUES
• NATURAL LANGUAGE
• RULE BASED SYSTEMS
• EXPRESSING TEMPORAL & DYNAMIC ASPECTS
• COMBINING & REFORMULATING DIFFERENT SPECIFICATION
LANGUAGES
NATURAL LANGUAGE
UNDERSTANDING
• FROM SIMPLE PSEUDO-NATURAL LANGUAGE TO REAL
NATURAL UNDERSTANDING
• CAPTURING THE INFORMATION SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS
- THE CONCEPTUAL MODEL
- DATA PERSPECTIVE
- THE PROCESSIBEHA VIOUR PERSPECTIVE
- THE EXTERNAL SPECIFICATIONS
• INQUIRY
- RETIHEVAL REQUESTS IN NATURAL LANGUAGE
FOR USERS and DEVELOPERS
NATURAL LANGUAGE
GENERATION
GENERATING NATURAL LANGUAGE SENTENCES FOR
EXPRESSING:
- THE ER MODEL
- DIFFERENT KINDS OF RULES
- FIELD DESCRIPTIONS
EXAMPLE RULE-BASED SPECIFICATIONS
STATIC CONSTRAINTS
A scheduled flight must have its city of arrival
different from its city of departure
STATIC DERIVATION RULE
The cheapest supplier(s)for a product are those
that offer this product at a minimum price
DYNAMIC INTEGRITY RULE
Issue a purchase order only if there isn't already
one outstanding
DYNAMIC ACTION RULE
The last day of the month issue purchase orders
for products of which the quantity in stock is less
than its reorder point
RE-ENGINEERING CYCLE
Reverse Engineering Forward Engineering
Requiremenl level
I Business Analyst
I
Specificalions level
I Data/System Analyst I
ImpIe men lations level
I DBAll'rogrammer
I
Operations level
I Exisling applicalions I. -i New applications
I
CONTENTS
• THE HISTORY OF CASE TOOLS
• CASE TOOLS STATE OF THE ART
• THE EVOLUTION OF APPLICATIONS
• THE EVOLUTION OF APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT
(
¢. EVOLUTION OF CASE TOOLS
• EVOLUTION OF CASE TOOL DEVELOPMENT
• THE IMPACT OF THESE INNOVATIONS ON PRODUCTIVITY
& QUALITY
STAR ARCHITECTURE VS NETWORK
I I
I I
l
IMPORTANCE OF THE INTEGRATOR FUNCTION
EVOLUTION IN THE
HW ENVIRONMENT FOR CASE TOOLS
- - •
UPPER
CASE •
(
LOWER
CASE
• • - -
PC WORK MID RANGE MAINFRAME
STATIONS
EVOLUTION IN THE
HW ENVIRONMENT FOR CASE TOOLS
- •
UPPER
CASE • •
LOWER
CASE • • • -
PC WORK MID RANGE MAINFRAME
STATIONS
EVOLUTION IN
GENERATING CAPABILITIES
INDEPENDENT VENDORS WILL SUPPORT MORE
DBMS
OPERATING SYSTEMS
HARDWARE
3RD GENERATION LANGUAGES
(
STANDARDISATION
• STANDARDISATION OF METHODOLOGY
• STANDARDISATION OF METHODOLOGY COMPONENTS
• STANDARDISATION OF REPRESENTATION
• STANDARDISATION OF INTER FACES
• INTERNATIONAL STANDARDISATION EFFORTS
- Information Resource Dictionary System Standard
- IEEE-CS Task Force or Professional Tools
- Portable Common Tool Environment PCTE
- Common Ada Intelface Standard
- ISO TC971SCSIWG3 on Conceptual
EVOLUTION IN
ADMINISTRATION & CONFIGURATION
MANAGEMENT
• CONFIGURING APPLICATIONS FROM (VERSIONS OF)
GENERATED SOFTWARE COMPONENTS
• CONFIGURING SPECIFICATIONS FROM (VERSIONS OF)
ANALYSIS & DESIGN COMPONENTS
EXPERT SYSTEMS
• THE EXPERT TECHNICAL TUNER
• THE EXPERT ANALYST/DESIGNER
• THE EXPERT CONSULTANT
• THE EXPERT CONFIGURATION MANAGER
• THE EXPERT PROJECT MANAGER
EXPERT CONSULTANT
DIFFERENT KINDS OF KNOWLEDGE INVOLVED
• METHODOLOGY KNOW~EDGE
• METHODOLOGY HEURISTICS
• DOMAIN KNOWLEDGE
-REFERENCE MODELS
( -MIXING & MATCHING OF PART OF DIFFERENT MODELS
-PATTERN RECOGNITION
-USING CERTAINTY FACTORS
CONTENTS
• THE HISTORY OF CASE TOOLS
• CASE TOOLS STATE OF THE ART
• THE EVOLUTION OF APPLICATIONS
• THE EVOLUTION OF APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT
• EVOLUTION OF CASE TOOLS
c:>. EVOLUTION OF CASE TOOL DEVELOPMENT
• THE IMPACT OF TJ-IESE INNOVATIONS ON PRODUCTIVITY
& QUALITY
THE CASE TOOL SUPPLIERS
(
EVOLUTION IN HOW
CASE TOOLS ARE DEVELOPPED
User specific
.. CASE SHELL ,..
Standards & Methods Methods
• Standards
Graphics
,r
Information System
. specifications
• CASE TOOL - Spec
nase
~
Application Data INFORMATION . User
SYSTEMS Data
Base
+ SELF REGENERATING CAPABILITIES
CONTENTS
• THE HISTOR Y OF CASE TOOLS
• CASE TOOLS STATE OF THE ART
• THE EVOLUTION OF APPLICATIONS
• THE EVOLUTION OF APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT
•
(
EVOLUTION OF CASE TOOLS
(
•
¢.
EVOLUTION OF CASE TOOL DEVELOPMENT
THE IMPACT OF THESE INN OVATIONS ON PRODUCTIVITY
& QUALITY
TIME SPENT BY DEVELOPERS
% of
1-:N~E~W:A:P7.P:LI:C_A_TI_O_N_S- ----.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.J time spent
...
r EXTENSIONS
ENHANCEMENTS
CONVERSION
ERROR CORRECTION
1989
TIME SPENT BY DEVELOPERS
r:;;:-:;;~:;;:~--~~::~------I%timeof spent
NEW APPLICATIONS
EXTENSJ
ENHANCEMENTS
(
CONVERSION
ERROR CORRECTION
1989
A FUTURE NEED FOR
• CONCEPTS
• METHODOLOGIES
• TOOLS
TO DEAL WITH CHANGING APPLICATIONS