THE	
  7TH	
  INTERNATIONAL	
  CONFERENCE	
  
                          ON	
  SEMANTIC	
  TECHNOLOGIES	
  
                             OCTOBER	
  23	
  -­‐	
  26,	
  2012	
  
                               Mason	
  Inn	
  Conference	
  Center	
  
                                George	
  Mason	
  University	
  
                                Fairfax,	
  Virginia	
  Campus	
  



              	
  Conference Proceedings
                               Paulo	
  C.	
  G.	
  Costa	
  
                               Kathryn	
  B.	
  Laskey	
  
                                     (Eds.)	
  
              	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
                                                       Preface        	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
The	
  7th	
  International	
  Conference	
  on	
  Semantic	
  Technologies	
  for	
  Intelligence,	
  Defense,	
  and	
  
Security	
  (STIDS	
  2012)	
  provides	
  a	
  forum	
  for	
  academia,	
  government	
  and	
  industry	
  to	
  share	
  
the	
   latest	
   research	
   on	
   semantic	
   technology	
   for	
   defense,	
   intelligence	
   and	
   security	
  
applications.	
  
	
  
Semantic	
   technology	
   is	
   a	
   fundamental	
   enabler	
   to	
   achieve	
   greater	
   flexibility,	
   precision,	
  
timeliness	
  and	
  automation	
  of	
  analysis	
  and	
  response	
  to	
  rapidly	
  evolving	
  threats.	
  This	
  year	
  
we	
  have	
  the	
  following	
  topics:	
  

             
    Creating	
  an	
  interoperable	
  suite	
  of	
  public-­‐domain	
  ontologies	
  relevant	
  to	
  
                  intelligence	
  analysis	
  covering	
  diverse	
  areas:	
  	
  
             
    Ontologies	
  and	
  reasoning	
  under	
  conditions	
  of	
  uncertainty	
  
             
    Semantic	
  technology	
  and	
  ontological	
  issues	
  related	
  to:	
  
                          o Source	
  credibility	
  and	
  evidential	
  pedigree	
  	
  
                          o Use	
  of	
  sensing	
  devices	
  including	
  security,	
  e.g.	
  global	
  
                             infrastructure	
  grid	
  (GIG),	
  
                             images	
  and	
  intelligence	
  collection	
  in	
  general	
  	
  
             
    Usability	
  issues	
  relating	
  to	
  semantic	
  technology	
  
             
    Best	
  practices	
  in	
  ontological	
  engineering	
  

	
  
                                                                                            Fairfax,	
  VA,	
  October	
  2012.	
  
	
  
Paulo	
  Costa	
  and	
  Kathryn	
  Laskey	
  
STIDS	
  2012	
  Chairs	
  
	
                                     	
  




	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
            STIDS	
  2012	
  Committees	
  
	
                               	
  
               STIDS 2012 Program Committee


        Rommel Carvalho           George Mason University
         Werner Ceusters                   SUNY at Buffalo
           Paulo Costa            George Mason University
           Mike Dean            Raytheon BBN Technologies
        Katherine Goodier                  L3 Technologies
        Richard Haberlin                   EMSolutions Inc.
          Terry Janssen                    Lockheed Martin
        Mieczyslaw Kokar                Northeastern University
         Kathryn Laskey           George Mason University
          Nancy Lawler          US Department of Defense
          Dan Maxwell                        KaDSci, Inc.
            Leo Obrst                    MITRE Corporation
         Mary Parmelee                   MITRE Corporation
           Barry Smith                     SUNY at Buffalo
          Simon Spero                      UNC Chapel Hill
         Gheorghe Tecuci          George Mason University
          Andreas Tolk             Old Dominion University
          Brian Ulicny                      Vistology, Inc.
        Amanda Vizedom          Wind River Consulting, LLC
       Duminda Wijesekera         George Mason University


                 Best Paper Award Committee

       Amanda Vizedom (Chair)           Wind River Consulting, LLC
             Mike Dean                  Raytheon BBN Technologies
            Simon Spero                       UNC Chapel Hill
            Andreas Tolk                  Old Dominion University
            Brian Ulicny                       Vistology, Inc.




	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
                  STIDS Steering Committee

          Paulo Costa             George Mason University
          Mike Dean              Raytheon BBN Technologies
       Katherine Goodier                   NIC, Inc.
        Kathryn Laskey            George Mason University
          Leo Obrst                 MITRE Corporation
         Barry Smith               NCOR, Univ. at Buffalo


             STIDS 2012 Organizing Committee

                           General Chairs:

              Paulo Costa         George Mason University
            Kathryn Laskey        George Mason University

                        Local Team (GMU)

              Debra Schenaker (Administrative Chair)
                         Priscilla McAndrews
                             Nicholas Clark
                   Alexandre de Barros Barreto
                            Cheol Youn Park
                               Karen Tai




	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
                                   STIDS	
  2012	
  Platinum	
  Sponsor	
  
                                                                          	
  




Data	
   Tactics	
   Corporation	
   (DTC)	
   has	
   been	
   developing	
   and	
   implementing	
   mission-­‐focused	
  
capabilities	
  to	
  the	
  Intelligence	
  Community	
  and	
  DOD	
  for	
  years;	
  providing	
  superior	
  service	
  
and	
   leading	
   innovation.	
   	
  Whether	
   it	
   is	
   data	
   mining,	
   data	
   correlation,	
   data	
   retrieval,	
  
information	
   security	
   or	
   cloud	
   computing,	
   Data	
   Tactics	
   understands	
   the	
   challenges	
   that	
  
face	
   our	
   client-­‐base	
   and	
   our	
   peers	
   across	
   the	
   industry.	
   	
  With	
   our	
   vast	
   knowledge,	
  
professional	
   expertise	
   and	
   dedication,	
   Data	
   Tactics	
   is	
   prepared	
   and	
   committed	
   to	
  
designing,	
   implementing	
   and	
   sustaining	
   customized	
   solutions	
   to	
   meet	
   the	
   customers’	
  
mission	
  requirements.	
  
	
  
Data	
   Tactics	
   Corporation	
   is	
   a	
   small	
   business	
   solely	
   focused	
   on	
   mission	
   –relevant	
   solutions	
  
that	
   bring	
   industry	
   recognized	
   experts	
   in	
   the	
   field	
   of	
   Specialized	
   Cloud	
   Enterprise	
  
Architecture,	
   Cyber	
   Security,	
   Geospatial	
   Engineering,	
   System	
   /	
   Software	
   Development,	
  
Data	
   /	
   System	
   Integration,	
   and	
   Operations	
   and	
   Maintenance	
   (O&M)	
   /	
   Sustainment	
  
support.	
   	
  We	
   measure	
   that	
   support	
   at	
   our	
   end-­‐user.	
   	
   The	
   staff	
   is	
   qualified	
   to	
   identify	
  
report,	
   resolve	
   and	
   support	
   a	
   myriad	
   of	
   complex	
   data,	
   storage,	
   security	
   and	
   system	
  
problems.	
   	
  Our	
   success	
   has	
   been	
   proven	
   time	
   and	
   again	
   at	
   traditional	
   sites	
   but	
   also	
   in	
  
tactical	
  forward	
  deployed	
  environments.	
  
	
  
Our	
  Mission	
  
      To	
  Design,	
  Develop,	
  Deliver	
  and	
  Manage	
  State-­‐of-­‐the-­‐Art	
  Technological	
  Capabilities	
  
          for	
  Our	
  Client’s	
  Enterprise	
  that	
  Supports	
  Our	
  Client’s	
  Mission	
  Objectives	
  
      To	
  See	
  Our	
  Performance	
  across	
  the	
  Service	
  Lifecycle	
  through	
  Our	
  Client’s	
  Lens.	
  	
  
      Our	
  Work	
  Contributes	
  to	
  Our	
  Client’s	
  Success	
  because	
  we	
  Design,	
  Deliver	
  and	
  
          Sustain	
  those	
  Services	
  to	
  Work	
  in	
  the	
  Client's	
  Environment,	
  by	
  Client’s	
  Personnel	
  to	
  
          Achieve	
  Client	
  Success	
  
          	
  
Vision	
  Statement	
  
      To	
  Establish	
  an	
  Enduring	
  Relationship	
  of	
  Trust	
  with	
  Our	
  Client	
  Based	
  Solely	
  on	
  Our	
  
          Performance	
  
      To	
  Deliver	
  a	
  Product	
  or	
  Service	
  that	
  becomes	
  Second-­‐Nature	
  to	
  Our	
  Client’s	
  
          Personnel	
  and	
  a	
  Seamless	
  Part	
  of	
  Our	
  Client’s	
  Business	
  Operations	
  	
  	
  
      To	
  Remain	
  a	
  Creative,	
  Disruptive	
  and	
  Leading	
  Research,	
  Development	
  and	
  Rapid	
  
          Deployment	
  Institution	
  Where	
  Our	
  Shared	
  Intellect,	
  Hard	
  Work	
  and	
  Vanguard	
  for	
  
          Our	
  Client’s	
  Trust	
  make	
  a	
  Positive	
  Difference	
  in	
  the	
  Lives	
  of	
  Our	
  Employees,	
  the	
  
          Success	
  of	
  Our	
  Clients	
  and	
  the	
  Security	
  of	
  Our	
  Country	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
                                      STIDS	
  2012	
  Golden	
  Sponsor	
  
                                                                           	
  


	
  
	
  
Big	
  Data	
  is	
  new,	
  but	
  we're	
  not.	
  We've	
  got	
  years	
  of	
  experience	
  in	
  data	
  management	
  and	
  a	
  
reputation	
   for	
   hardware	
   performance	
   and	
   reliability	
   that	
   stretches	
   back	
   decades,	
   with	
  
thousands	
  of	
  man-­‐years	
  of	
  investment	
  into	
  this	
  technology.	
  As	
  a	
  Cray	
  company,	
  YarcData	
  
has	
   the	
   resources	
   to	
   provide	
   the	
   highest	
   performance	
   processing	
   capabilities	
   and	
  
visionary	
   data	
   management	
   resources	
   –	
   it	
   means	
   our	
   Big	
   Data	
   appliance	
   for	
   graph	
  
analytics	
  is	
  innovative,	
  but	
  solid.	
  
	
  
It's	
   an	
   exciting	
   time.	
   We're	
   new,	
   but	
   we're	
   established,	
   and	
   we're	
   ready	
   to	
   change	
   the	
   way	
  
you	
  value	
  and	
  leverage	
  Big	
  Data.	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
                      STIDS	
  2012	
  Best	
  Paper	
  Award	
  Sponsor                                                      	
  
	
  
	
  




KaDSci,	
  LLC	
  is	
  small	
  veteran	
  owned	
  company	
  that	
  was	
  founded	
  in	
  2008	
  with	
  the	
  goal	
  of	
  
finding	
   and	
   providing	
   solutions	
   to	
   the	
   nation's	
   and	
   industries'	
   most	
   vexing	
   decision	
  
related	
   research,	
   technology,	
   and	
   analysis	
   challenges.	
   Toward	
   that	
   end	
   KaDSci	
   has	
  
assembled	
  a	
  small	
  highly	
  skilled	
  team	
  of	
  collaborating	
  scientists	
  from	
  many	
  disciplines	
  as	
  
well	
   as	
   technically	
   savvy	
   and	
   creative	
   professionals	
   with	
   a	
   passion	
   for	
   solving	
   hard	
  
problems.	
  	
  
     	
  
	
                                        	
  




	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
        	
  
                                  STIDS	
  2012	
  Keynote	
  Speaker	
  
                                                                    	
  
                                                                       	
  




                                                                                               	
  
                                                             	
  
                                                      Mike	
  Dean	
  
       A	
  Pragmatic	
  View	
  of	
  the	
  Semantic	
  Web	
  and	
  Ontologies	
  
                            Wednesday,	
  October	
  24,	
  2012	
  

Mike	
  Dean	
  is	
  a	
  Principal	
  Engineer	
  at	
  Raytheon	
  BBN	
  Technologies	
   where	
  he's	
  worked	
  for	
  
28	
   years	
   in	
   distributed	
   computing,	
   command	
   and	
   control	
   applications,	
   information	
  
assurance,	
   and	
   (since	
   2000)	
   the	
   Semantic	
   Web.	
   He	
   was	
   Principal	
   Investigator	
   for	
  
Integration	
  and	
  Transition	
  in	
  the	
  DARPA	
  Agent	
  Markup	
  Language	
  (DAML)	
  Program,	
  which	
  
catalyzed	
  the	
  Semantic	
  Web,	
  and	
  has	
  served	
  on	
  W3C	
  Working	
  Groups	
  for	
  RDF,	
  OWL,	
  and	
  
RIF.	
  He	
  continues	
  to	
  develop,	
  lead,	
  or	
  consult	
  on	
  the	
  development	
  of	
  Semantic	
  Web	
  tools,	
  
ontologies,	
  datasets,	
  and	
  applications	
  for	
  DoD,	
  IC,	
  and	
  commercial	
  customers.	
  He	
  holds	
  a	
  
B.S.	
  in	
  Computer	
  Engineering	
  from	
  Stanford	
  University.	
  
	
  
Abstract:	
   	
   I	
   continue	
   to	
   be	
   excited	
   about	
   the	
   accomplishments	
   and	
   potential	
   of	
   the	
  
Semantic	
   Web	
   and	
   related	
   technologies.	
   In	
   this	
   talk,	
   I'll	
   review	
   some	
   of	
   those	
  
accomplishments,	
   present	
   some	
   applications,	
   discuss	
   various	
   emerging	
   technologies	
  
(Wikidata,	
  GeoSPARQL,	
  SILK,	
  PROV,	
  ontology	
  design	
  patterns,	
  Big	
  Data,	
  stream	
  processing,	
  
etc.),	
  identify	
  some	
  things	
  that	
  are	
  still	
  missing,	
  and	
  perhaps	
  offer	
  some	
  predictions	
  for	
  the	
  
future.	
  
	
                                            	
  




	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  

                               STIDS	
  2012	
  Keynote	
  Speaker	
  
                                                              	
  




                                               Jay	
  Holcomb	
  

       An	
  Insider	
  Perspective	
  of	
  how	
  Semantic	
  Technologies	
  
           are	
  supporting	
  the	
  DHS	
  efforts	
  in	
  Cybersecurity	
  
                             Thursday,	
  October	
  25,	
  2012	
  


Jay	
  Holcomb	
  recently	
  joined	
  the	
  Department	
  of	
  Homeland	
  Security’s	
  National	
  Protection	
  &	
  
Programs	
   Directorate	
   (NPPD),	
   Office	
   of	
   Cybersecurity	
   and	
   Communications	
   (OC&C),	
  
Critical	
   Infrastructure	
   Cyber	
   Protection	
   and	
   Awareness	
   (CICPA)	
   department.	
   He	
   is	
   an	
  
internationally	
   renowned	
   expert	
   in	
   Cybersecurity	
   and	
   the	
   Program	
   Lead	
   for	
   Cyber	
  
Integration	
   at	
   the	
   Control	
   Systems	
   Security	
   Program/ICS-­‐CERT.	
   His	
   presentation	
   will	
  
bring	
  an	
  insider	
  perspective	
  of	
  how	
  Semantic	
  Technologies	
  are	
  supporting	
  the	
  DHS	
  efforts	
  
in	
  Cybersecurity.	
  
	
  



	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  

                                     STIDS	
  2012	
  Best	
  Paper	
  Award	
  
                                                                             	
  

The	
  Best	
  Paper	
  Award	
  is	
  meant	
  to	
  recognize	
  the	
  excellence	
  of	
  our	
  technical	
  program	
  and	
  
contributors,	
   as	
   well	
   as	
   to	
   promote	
   the	
   continuing	
   efforts	
   of	
   our	
   community	
   to	
   push	
  
forward	
   the	
   state	
   of	
   the	
   art	
   in	
   Semantic	
   Technologies	
   for	
   Intelligence,	
   Defense,	
   and	
  
Security.	
  
The	
  award	
  was	
  presented	
  to	
  the	
  authors	
  of	
  the	
  paper	
  chosen	
  by	
  the	
  STIDS	
  2012	
  awards	
  
committee	
   as	
   the	
   best	
   contribution	
   appearing	
   in	
   the	
   conference	
   proceedings.	
   Dr.	
   Daniel	
  
Maxwell,	
   President	
   of	
   KaDSci,	
   Inc.,	
   announced	
   the	
   award	
   at	
   a	
   special	
   session	
   on	
   Thursday,	
  
October	
  25.	
  The	
  awardees	
  received	
  a	
  check	
  in	
  the	
  value	
  of	
  US$450.	
  
	
  


                            Best	
  Paper	
  Award	
  Winner	
  of	
  STIDS	
  2012	
  
                 Ontological	
  Considerations	
  for	
  Uncertainty	
  Propagation	
  	
  
                            in	
  High	
  Level	
  Information	
  Fusion	
  
                                                   by	
  Mark	
  Locher	
  and	
  Paulo	
  Costa	
  
	
  
	
  


                                                     Honorable	
  Mentions	
  
The	
   following	
   two	
   papers	
   also	
   made	
   it	
   to	
   the	
   last	
   phase	
   of	
   the	
   selection	
   process,	
   and	
   were	
  
both	
   highly	
   recommended	
   by	
   the	
   award	
   committee	
   for	
   an	
   honorable	
   mention	
   as	
  
outstanding	
  contributions	
  to	
  the	
  conference	
  (order	
  is	
  irrelevant):	
  
	
  
                              Best-­‐practice	
  Time	
  Point	
  Ontology	
  for	
  Event	
  	
  
                                 Calculus-­‐based	
  Temporal	
  Reasoning	
  
                                                                by	
  Robert	
  Schrag	
  
                                                            	
  
                       Using	
  Ontologies	
  in	
  a	
  Cognitive-­‐Grounded	
  System:	
  	
  
                      Automatic	
  Action	
  Recognition	
  in	
  Video-­‐Surveillance	
  
                                       by	
  Alessandro	
  Oltramari	
  and	
  Christian	
  Lebiere