Cite4Me: Semantic Retrieval and Analysis of Scientific
Publications
Bernardo Pereira Nunes Besnik Fetahu Marco Antonio Casanova
PUC-Rio L3S Research Center PUC-Rio
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Appelstrasse 9a Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
bnunes@inf.puc-rio.br Hannover, Germany casanova@inf.puc-rio.br
fetahu@l3s.de
ABSTRACT lications3 . However, current approaches by main digital library
This paper presents the Cite4Me Web application and its features providers, such as ACM Digital Library4 and Elsevier5 , do not
created for the LAK Challenge 2013. The Web application focuses represent the current state of research on exploring resources us-
on two main directions: (i) interlinking of the LAK dataset with ing approaches from Information Retrieval, Information Extraction
related data sources from the Linked Open Data cloud; and (ii) and Semantic Web. Thus, get an overview of research topics, find
providing innovative search, visualization, retrieval and recommen- publications and discover new nomenclatures are an arduous and
dation of scientific publications from the LAK dataset and related laborious task that are not always successful.
interlinked resources. Our approach is based on semantic and co- In this paper, we introduce Cite4Me a novel application for ex-
occurrence relations to provide new browsing experiences to Web ploratory search, retrieval and visualization of scientific publica-
users and an overview of scientific data available. Furthermore, we tions. Cite4Me intends to provide to the end users a single point for
present a detailed analysis of the LAK dataset along with applica- accessing papers and hence reducing efforts of searching in several
tions which contributes to the development of the learning analytics data sources. Our system takes advantage of reference datasets,
field. such as DBpedia6 , to explore semantic relationships between sci-
entific papers and user queries. Additionally, an analysis of topic
coverage and shared concepts from related educational datasets, ex-
1. INTRODUCTION tracted from the Linked Open Data cloud, will be introduced.
The volume of information on the Web has been growing steadily The remaining of the paper is organized as follows. Section 2
over the last decade and has doubled every two years. The vast presents the approach used for searching, retrieving and recom-
amount of data available on the Web along with new means of mending papers. Section 3 describes the process of dataset dis-
communications have transformed our society, including the way covery and interlinking and Section 4 shows a brief result analysis
we work, live, relate to each other and learn. of the data discovery. Finally, Section 5 presents related work and
In the midst of change, the Learning Analytics emerges to make Section 6 presents some concluding remarks.
sense of the produced educational data reported by learners, pro-
fessors, institutions and so on. Analyzing and understanding the 2. CITE4ME
changes along the past years help us to understand the current state As one of the main goals of the field of “Learning Analytics” is
and be aware of the forthcoming trends, enabling a new outlook of to support students in their learning process, we developed a Web
the future of learning. application called Cite4Me7 that assists students in making deci-
A recent challenge initiative of SOLAR1 and LinkedUp2 project sions to find scientific publications and identify relevant research
arises to leverage the creation of tools that enables the analysis, topics.
visualization, browsing and recommendation of scientific and edu- Cite4Me implements semantic and co-occurrence methods to (a)
cational data. search and retrieve scientific publications; and (b) recommend sci-
Although the scientific field has fostered the creation of new entific publications. Moreover, it provides a Web interface that fa-
applications in several areas, such as medical, biology, physics, cilitates the search for publications and may help users on discov-
amongst others, the information access is based mostly on free ering related terms to a given query.
text search and on hierarchical classification system of the pub- In this section, we provide an overview of the major features
1
of the Web application and its Web interface that assist users to
Society for Learning Analytics Research - http://www. explore scientific data on the Web.
solaresearch.org
2
http://linkedup-project.eu/ 2.1 Search and Retrieval
Cite4Me relies on search functionalities to meet the users needs.
Briefly, we implemented standard Information Retrieval (IR) and
Semantic Web (SW) approaches to retrieve and recommend scien-
tific papers to the users. We divided this subsection into (i) free text
3
http://www.acm.org/about/class/
4
http://dl.acm.org
5
Copyright c 2013 by the papers’ authors. Copying permitted only for pri-
http://www.elsevier.com
6
vate and academic purposes. http://dbpedia.org
7
LAK-Data Challenge ’13 Leuven, Belgium http://www.cite4me.com/
search; (ii) exploratory search; and (iii) semantic search. for the entities contained in a publication. Finally, the ranking of
the results is based on the sum of the tf-idf scores of the matching
2.1.1 Free Text Search concepts.
The purpose of the free text search functionality is to offer users Figure 2 illustrates the semantic search functionality. It also gen-
the abilities to search for mentions, titles and authors of academic erates a tag cloud from matching publications, showing the most
publications contained in the LAK dataset. Even though, this func- prominent terms for a given query. Specifically, the tag cloug based
tionality is similar to existing digital libraries, we agree that this is a on the results helps the users to have an insight about the topics and
basic functionality that must be provided by our application. There- may assist in finding related terms previously unknown by them.
fore, we use standard vector space models (tf-idf ) for indexing and
retrieving documents. 2.2 Paper recommendation
The tf-idf scores were computed for each term extracted from the Another key feature of our system is the paper recommendation
publication content after applying stemming [14]. Furthermore, the based on semantic relationships extracted from reference datasets.
searching functionality offers boolean queries with standard oper- The recommendation is based on a previous work [12, 11], where
ators, such as ’OR’, ’AND’, and also a ranking of the matching we exploit the number of paths and the distance (length of a path)
publications based on the sum of tf-idf scores from the individual between given entities to compute a relatedness score between ex-
query terms. tracted entities and associated documents. The first step to measure
In summary, our free text search provides to the users publica- the relatedness between documents is to compute the semantic con-
tions (P) that match query terms and non-matching publications nectivity score (S CS e ) of the entities found in each text (see Eq. 2).
P0 , which are related to P according to a degree of similarity (see
Eq. 1), but does not contain the query terms. τ
X
The similarity between a matching publication P and other non- S CS e (a, b) = βl · |paths
(a,b) | (2)
matching publication P0 in the LAK dataset is measured by the l=1
standard cosine similarity measure, which is built on top of the
where |paths
(a,b) | is the number of paths between a and b of length l
computed tf-idf scores.
and 0 < β ≤ 1 is a positive damping factor. As in [12, 11], we used
β = 0.5 as our damping factor. Furthermore, we also constrained
P · P0 the length of a path to τ = 4.
S im(P, P0 ) = (1)
|P||P0 | Based on the score for entities, we then define the semantic con-
nectivity score (S CS w ) between two documents W1 and W2 as fol-
where P and P0 represent the tf-idf scores for the terms in two dis- lows:
tinct publications.
2.1.2 Exploratory Search
X |E 1 ∩ E 2 | 1
S CS w (W1 , W2 )= S CS e (e1 , e2 ) + ∗ (3)
In this section, we provide detailed insights on the exploratory
e1 ∈E1
2 |E1 | ∗ |E2 |
search functionality of our application. As a preliminary step to e2 ∈E2
e1 ,e2
provide analytics and information about the actual content and top-
ics coverage, all the scientific publications contained in the LAK where Ei is the set of entities associated with Wi , for i = 1, 2. Note
dataset are previously enriched. The enrichment process was per- that documents that contain the same entities receive an extra bonus
formed using DBpedia Spotlight API8 , where entities, entity types (the second term on the right-hand side of Eq. 3).
and their respective categories were extracted. Thus, a list of documents pairs is generated and ranked according
After the enrichment process, we cluster the publications accord- the score and suggested to the user. Figure 3 illustrates the paper
ing to entities and its categories found in each document. The publi- recommendation process computed based on S CS w .
cations are clustered in a tree-based structure over the enrichments.
Note that, each node of the tree represents a topic in which a pub-
lication under this node covers. Thus, the exploratory search is
3. DATASET DISCOVERY AND INTER-
performed through the topics covered by each publication. LINKING
The process of linking publications, categories and extra re- This section briefly describes the datasets used on automatic re-
sources is mediated by DBpedia knowledge graph, where we use lated data discovery from DataHub9 and future steps on dataset dis-
the dcterms:subject property to match the resources. covery and interlinking.
Thus, as a result, the exploratory search provides a way to
explore resources through the connections between their topics, 3.1 LAK Dataset
which facilitates the search for topically related resources. Figure 1 The LAK dataset contains the metadata of the papers published
shows the exploratory search. in the proceedings of LAK conference 2011-12, a special issue of
Learning and Knowledge Analytics: Educational Technology &
2.1.3 Semantic Search Society, the proceedings of the International Conference on Educa-
Cite4Me provides also a semantic search engine that assists users tional Data Mining (2008-12) and the Journal of Educational Data
to find publications semantically related to the query terms. Analo- Mining (2008-12). In total, 315 descriptions of papers containing
gously to explicit semantic analysis (ESA) technique [5], the relat- detailed information about authors, institutions, conference venues
edness score, is computed between the enriched concepts found in and the full content of the paper were available.
the publications’ content.
Basically, the semantic search is an adaptation of the free text 3.2 Data Analysis
search presented in the Section 2.1.1. Instead of computing the The goal of the data analysis procedure is to align the various
tf-idf scores for the words in a text, it computes the tf-idf score publications in the LAK dataset based on mutual information, such
8 9
http://dbpedia.org/spotlight http://www.datahub.io
Figure 1: Preview of the exploratory search funcionality.
Figure 2: Preview of the semantic search funcionality.
Figure 3: An example of paper recommendation based on S CS w .
4. EVALUATION OF DATA ANALYSIS
AND DATA DISCOVERY
This section presents an overview of the results obtained by an-
alyzing the LAK dataset with respect to the constructed feature set
that describes topics covered by individual publications. Moreover,
based on the data analysis procedure and shared information, we
show that the establishment of links between the different publica-
tions within the LAK dataset and from other datasets in DataHub
is possible.
In the following subsections, we show the analysis of the LAK
dataset and the discovery of relevant datasets and publications.
4.1 Data Analysis
The data analysis of the LAK dataset focuses mostly on assess-
ing the individual publications for their topic coverage. In this man-
ner, we build a connected data graph consisting of the individual
publications and items from the feature set. This step is necessary
Figure 4: Relevant Dataset Discovery Framework based on to provide the exploratory search functionality, where based on the
the generated feature set used to query DataHub Linked Data established edges between publications and feature set items, we
provider. can navigate through the publications or topics of interest. There-
fore, the results obtained with respect to the constructed feature set
and LAK dataset graph are shown in what follows.
as the topics covered by them. This is achieved using well estab- Table 1 shows the top ranked items for each of the feature sets,
lished datasets like DBpedia10 and Freebase11 , where a reference along with the number of associations an item has with respect to
point for the unstructured textual content of publications is created all publications (entity, category and type items). Figure 5 shows
through an enrichment process. the constructed data graph for the LAK dataset.
Again, the enrichment process is carried out using DBpedia
Spotlight12 [10] and addresses several issues of significant impor-
4.2 Data Discovery
tance. For instance, it offers several advantages such as: (i) identi- After creating the feature set based on the information provided
fication of (common) named entities, (ii) disambiguation; and (iii) from reference datasets, we are able to query for relevant datasets
expansion of the limited dataset and resource descriptions with ad- in DataHub.
ditional background knowledge. Thus, for the top ranked feature set items, the data discovery
for relevant resources is considered. Table 2 shows the discovered
resources and datasets for the top-10 entity items. Note that, we fo-
3.3 Data Discovery cus only on bibliographic datasets, since we aim at recommending
Our Web application uses as its starting point the instances in topically related scientific publications. Due to the lack of bib-
the LAK dataset to automatically explore and recommend to users, liographic datasets, we were not able to find related publications
datasets that covers similar topics. In order to query, detect and for all entities considered. Table 2 summarizes the discovered re-
interlink related datasets, we chose the DataHub as a data provider. sources. The dataset names are represented by their acronyms as
DataHub serves as a collecting point of datasets from various fields follows: b3kat - “Bayerische Staatsbibliothek", hebis - “Hessis-
and currently it has over 5000 datasets. Note that, from the large ches Bibliotheks Informations System" and npg - “Nature Publish-
number of datasets, only 300 datasets are provided as Linked Open ing Group - ALL".
Data. As the latter is the main focus of our work, the analysis and Additionally, from the set of 96 bibliographic datasets available,
interlinking process is focused for such datasets. only a few of them were offered as Linked Data, thus narrowing
Briefly, the data discovery is performed using CKAN13 data our search space for relevant resources.
management framework from DataHub, where based on data anal-
ysis and user interests (such as topics covered by a publica- Entity b3kat hebis npg
tion/resource) related datasets are suggested. Data 14 0 12
Additionally, we provide to the user a set of resources, amongst Learning 5 0 1
other data analytics, that enables the user to harvest and correlate Data mining 0 0 0
new information from the discovered resources, considering the Algorithm 4 0 0
LAK dataset as a starting point of such discovery. Education 17 1 2
This approach presents several advantages such as the adoption Analysis 42 1 6
and the widespread use of Linked Data principles for publishing Student 7 1 1
scientific papers. Nowadays, many conferences make their pro- Knowledge 11 0 0
ceedings and journals freely accessible, hence our approach would Methodology 4 0 1
take advantage of such open data and offer users topically relevant Statistics 7 0 1
papers for a particular resource in the LAK dataset.
Table 2: Number of discovered resources from the bibliographic
10 group for the top ranked items from the entity feature set, based
http://dbpedia.org
11
http://www.freebase.com/ on the LAK dataset.
12
http://spotlight.dbpedia.org/
13
http://www.ckan.org
Entity Assoc. Category Assoc. Type Assoc.
Data 90 Educational_psychology 161 DBpedia:TopicalConcept 150
Learning 80 Data_analysis 150 Freebase:/book 142
Data_mining 67 Learning 139 Freebase:/book/book_subject 142
Algorithm 50 Scientific_method 137 Freebase:/media_common 138
Education 49 Neuropsychological_assessment 136 Freebase:/media_common/quotation_subject 136
Analysis 48 Greek_loanwords 135 Freebase:/computer 125
Student 46 Data 131 Freebase:/education 122
Knowledge 46 Evaluation_methods 129 Freebase:/education/field_of_study 120
Methodology 42 Computer_data 126 Freebase:/computer/software_genre 120
Statistics 41 Research_methods 124 Freebase:/internet 118
System 37 Systems_science 118 Freebase:/internet/website_category 118
Scientific_modelling 37 Formal_sciences 108 Freebase:/award 114
Prediction 36 Data_management 108 Freebase:/media_common/media_genre 105
Data_set 36 Cognitive_science 107 Freebase:/organization 103
Statistical_classification 30 Statistical_terminology 107 Freebase:/award/award_discipline 103
Evaluation 29 Developmental_psychology 101 Freebase:/business 102
Standard_deviation 29 Intelligence 93 Freebase:/organization/organization_sector 99
Probability 28 Data_mining 91 Freebase:/people 99
Behavior 26 Critical_thinking 87 Freebase:/film 94
Interaction 24 Thought 84 Freebase:/book/periodical_subject 93
Table 1: Top ranked items from the feature set for the LAK Dataset, from the dataset analysis.
Industrial processes
Unit operations
Laboratory techniques
Distillation
Separation processes
Paper
Booksproducts
http://data.linkeded...
Quantification
Computer
Multivariable security mo...
calculus
Differential
Religious operators
fundamenta...
Genetic
British algorithms
Analog
brands
Clothing circuits
retailers o...
Retail Genetic
companies Theories
Fashion programming
design
of of law
...algorit...
Reproduction
Evolutionary
Companies Propositions
establishe...
Teachable
Companiesunits for ... ininference
Supermarkets
based
Immediate L... of Nort...
1884 Flynn's taxonomy
establishments
Department ...
Zoology
stores
Department Spirituality
stores of...
Popular MarksElectronic
& Spencer design
Military
Java specification
lang... r...lan...
Competition
JVM programming
Java programming Cluster computing
Fault-tolerant compu... Mediaculture
studies Legal terms
Multiple births
Electronics terms
Economic
Social statusproblems Local area networks
Supercomputers
Narcissism
JavaProgramming
platform language... Theology
School examinations
Educational qualific... Concurrent
Oligarchy programmi...
Social events
Russell Group 1951 introductions Musical notation Predicate logic Logic symbols
CaseLawyers
Western
Authority Reserve... Propositional calculus Marxist theory
Lecturers
Ecclesiastical titles institut...
Educational
Lists byofcountry
History
Oxbridge Cambridge Host Artisans
cities ofBay
theCompany...
C...
Organisations based
Coimbra ...
Group Hudson's
Populated
Orders places est...
ofEdmonton
magnitude
University
Visitor of Cambri... Classes of computers
Anglican
Law
Culture in attractions
Cambridge...
ecclesiasti...
degrees
Counterculture Hybrid vehicles
Electric vehicles Kindness
Populated
Garment places est...
industry
Anglican
Universities priests
and col... Drawing http://data.linkeded...
Legalestablishments
1209 education ... Engines
Economic development
Development economics Secret
Military military
projects
Manhattan prog...
Project
Machines
Systems of formal lo... Syntax Atomic bombings
Military of H... of ...
history
Environmental design Articles
Military Codeofnames
withhistory
exampl... ...
Landscape
Architecturearchitecture Multilingual
Philosophy
Programming
Inverse problems websites
of biology
language... Criticism
Nuclear
Review weapons
websites prog...
Crystallography Internet activism Articles
Musical with of
Units exampl...
frequency
Visual arts physical ...
Individual
Art of
media
Lexis (linguistics)
Approximation algori...
Collaborative Dynamically
Programming
Developmental projects
biology
Realitytyped
language... pr...
by type Nucleartechniques
history
Literary
PhilosophyofRhythm
t...
concepts Computational physics
Works art General GNUstep
Customary
Objective-C
encyclopedias units
NeXTof m... Nuclear weapons of t... Computer physics
String eng...
(computer sci...
Discrete geometry
Search Continuous
Habitat
Wikipedia
algorithms
Wikimedia projects mappings
(ecology) te... Operators (programmi...
HistoryMathematical
Chemical
Landscape ecology
constants Open
properties
Mineralogy
Free content
encyclopedias projects Discovery Communicat...
Video game development
Condensed
Articles withOnline matter
exampl... Lexical
dictionaries Commerce
phy...databases
Mass Television channels
Discovery ... tel...
Channel
English-language
Creative Online
Internet
Commons-lic...
Functional programmingencyclopedias
properties ...
ForcePhysiology
C programming
Class-based langua...
programm... Power laws
Imperial
Tails
Statistical Grammatical
ofunits
probability...
mechanics cases
Searching Structural engineering
Quantity Modes Bridges
Catholic
Melody music
types music
Ancient Greek
Architectural Higher
Higher education
education
commun... in ...
in ... Personality
MBTI types tests
Automotive
Automobile transmiss...
transmiss... Personality
Jungian typologies
tradition
Mechanical
Engagementpower con...
http://data.linkeded... Symbols
Notation Logical connectives
Semiotics
Knowledge bases Military units ando...
f... Academic
Classical logic United
Ad-hoc States
Taskunits
forcesandNavy
for... Model theory ExpertScience
witnesses Peerliterature
review
VirtuePsychologists
Tests studies
19th-century
1856mathema...
births Acronyms MentalMusical
health profes...
Safety
AIDS origin hypotheses
Pandemics Association of Indep... Master's
Scientists degrees
composition
SaintRussian
Petersburg Sta...
statisticians Health Syndromes
disasters
Political theories HIV/AIDS Formal languages Proof theory Vocabulary
20th-century
Nationalism mathema... Monetaryineconomics Set theory Trigonometry Christian
Combat
Measuringiconography
instruments
People from Ryazan
Sovereignty Federalism
Quality the Un...
management Paper Cross symbols
Christian symbols
1922 deaths Enterprise architect... Papermaking Stationery Computer storage media Heraldic ordinaries
Sustainability
Full Members
Aftermath of war
Boolean
of the ...
algebra InformationFoodarchitects
Electronics safety Recursion Punched
Unit record card
equipment Christian terms
MilitaryTransducers
operations ...
LogicalGrief
calculi Intention
Pragmatics IBM unit
Self care record equi... Evidence law Programming language... Religious symbols
Three-digit telephon... Cognitive neuroscience TraditionalWriting
Chinese ... materials Causality
Free Full
Health
Members
package
LinuxRed
Probability
sciences Hatof the ...
managem...
package manage... Distance
theorists Open University
education i...
Government
Money of the
Articles to be merge...
Un... Employment
School qualifications
Industrial Theory compensat...
Mental content
of computation
automation
media
Packaging IBM storage
History ofdevices
computing...
History of software Units of angle Causal inference
Engineers
Sensors
Russian mathematicians Programming Central processing u...
Health
Aid care
Inductive
1981 reasoning
introductions Educational institut... ... 1789 establishments ... Self-referenceidiomsInstruction
Automation processing
Microprocessors http://data.linkeded...
ChinesePrinting
inventions http://data.linkeded...
materials Physical exercise
Emergency telephone 1969 establishments Buildings and struct... Paper art
Former
Medicine Eastern
Primary care ... Exempt
Ortho... charities Building Middle States Associ...
Electricity Style (fiction)
MIPS 1968 introductions
Technologies
Archive
Distance
formats Association
education i...
of Commo... http://data.linkeded... Real estate Electric current
Ballistics
Theatre
Public
Nursing
International
services
Support develo...
groups
Charities based in B...
Charities based in S... Traditions Combinatorics
Argumentson words
http://data.linkeded...
Alchemical processes Culture jamming
Performance
Measure art tech...
theory
Television technology
Finite rings
Integral calculus
Digital imaging
Instruction set arch... Ceremonies
Graduation Articles with exampl...Metalogic Science occupations Computer-aided
Domain-specific design prog...
Internet radio Languages Literature Digital geometry
InternetPeercasting Linguistic research
broadcasting
Corpus Engineering discipli... Art materials Psychiatry
Videocontrover...
Trains
game genres Physical layer proto... ArtComputer
movements
Firearm graphics da...
terminology
Computer engineering Streaming media
Internet syst...linguistics
television Literary occupations Fiction
Writing criticism Microsoft
RailWindows
transport
Criminology Modular arithmetic
North Central
Continuing Associ...
education Electronic engineering Digital television Materials Action
Action (genre)
Psychiatric
video
Labeling diagnosis
games
theory
Cloud storage
Applications of dist... http://data.linkeded... Philosophical method... Entertainment
Political engineering Fiction-writing mode Music
Academic administrat... Video on demand serv... Metaphysics Reality
Association of Ameri...Behaviorism Analogy argume...
http://data.linkeded... Wikipedia articles w...
Drug delivery
Homogeneous devices
chemical...
Philosophical
Subjects taught in m...
http://data.linkeded... Solutions Independent agencies...
1950 establishments
Foundations based in... ... Examinations
Concepts in aesthetics Nothing
Space Dosage forms Organizations establ...
Belief Colloidal
Physical chemistry
chemistry National Science Fou...
Musical terminology Environments Simple living Veracity ScienceFunding
and technolo...
Pittsburgh History &...
bodies
Psychiatric institut... Macroeconomics http://data.linkeded...Laboratories Elementary arithmetic
Approximations Educational institut...
History of psychiatry Documents Core issues in ethics Software bugs
Universities and col...
Anti-psychiatry Medical terms Carnegie Mellon Univ...
Social institutions Political culture Oak Ridge Associated...
Grammar
Theories frameworks
of aesthetics
Cohort studies Inquiry http://data.linkeded... Integrated
Discovery circuits Reliability
and invent... Failureengineer... Italian loanwords
Printing Healthcare quality Units of time
Arts Semiconductor devices Maintenance
Syntactic
Highertransforma...
category theory Rhetoric Dispositional beliefs
Geometric shapes Bias Evidence-based
Health informaticsmedic... Fractions
Philosophical
Communalism
Social Noam
Morphology
theories
Chomsky
theories
Informal fallacies
Giving
Books by type http://data.linkeded... Telecommunications HTML
Category Metanarratives
Historytheory
of sociology Meetings TextbooksLatin words and phra...
Fluid dynamics
Fluid mechanics http://data.linkeded... http://data.linkeded...
Ratios Least squares Interest (psychology)Grid computing Australian inventions
Physical cosmology
New 21st linguistics
Thought
Generative century
terms Chronology Single equation meth... Theoretical physics
Paradoxes Hierarchy Pipingmechanics
Continuum Binary operations CheminformaticsString
Typingtheory
Natural20th Moderncentury
philosophy history Employment Millennia Aerodynamics Economics of uncerta... School terminology
Functionalism
Module theory Public speaking Adulthood Idealism
Architectural Wealth
design http://data.linkeded... Films by type ge...
Multi-dimensional
Development Conformity Philosophy of life Empiricism
Neuroscience
Presentation People in informatio... Skills 3D computer graphics
Software requirements Real analysis
Academic pressureIndustry
in...
Construction equipment
Infrastructure Computer programmers Education Positive Schoolteachers
psychology
and traini... National Association... Language Production economics
Academic degrees Virtual communities Universities and col... http://data.linkeded...
Educators 3Deffects
imaging
Community organizing
Projects
Outsourcing
Selection
Standards-based Construction
educ...
Calendars Horology Performing http://data.linkeded... Visual Elementary and prima...
Definition Order theory
Education terminology Design arts High schools and sec... Memory Patent law
Population genetics
http://data.linkeded... Philosophical logic
Engineering occupati... 1801Welfare economics
establishments ...
Electronic
Graphics
Education
Accounting
Research
Legal
documents
Adobe
file formats
economics
terminology
Elections
institutes
entities
Legal
Systems
research... Occupations Marriage
School-related terms
Individualism
SelfExploration
Humanities
Contemporary
Postmodern artart
Teaching
Project management
http://data.linkeded...
PatternsYouth
Spacetime
Vertical transport d...
Syntactic entities Standardized tests
Economic growth New York Post
Alexander
Publications
Newspapers
Engineering
Hamilton
establi...
Economicconcepts
published...
News Corporation sub...
Centimetre%E2%80%93g...
indicators Orders of magnitude ...
Colonial
Happiness
Economics ISO
1764 establishments
architectur...
Government
regulat...instituti...
standards
ofCompanies Campuses http://data.linkeded... Energy Physical quantities SI base units
Digital press Time Ethical principles
Organizations
Massachusetts
Doctoral
Newbased
England
Agriculture
Institutions
Labour
Unitedmanagement
Change Nations
Corporations Private
Cultural
degrees studies
Instit...
... Associat...
Political
Educational terms
law institut...
founded...
Gener...
universities Personal development
EmbeddedPlanned systemsscience and ...
Corporatism Cohort study methods Emotions http://data.linkeded... Didactics
Learning to read
Students
Motivation Elevators Introductory physics http://data.linkeded...
Grammar Fundamental physics ... Qualities of thought
Scale model scales
Software optimizationScale Utility
modeling
Standards
Democracy
Positive
Think
Forms
tanksmental
Harvard
Titles
organizati...
Scientific
of atti...
government
University
documents
Occupations
Conductors in music
(music) Political science te... Ethics
Meaning (philosophy ...
Analytic functions
Rooms http://data.linkeded...
Dynamical systems Computer performance Classical genetics
Model aircraft
Brown
Evidence-based
Public
Organizational
Georgian
Health
Business
Rhodelaw
Finance
16th
University
pract...
research
Island in...the ...
arrondissement
Public relations
Organisation
Corporations
universities
Theses
culture
architectur...
Page
Communication
law for Eco...
description lan...
science Law
Remote
Customer
Help
Music performance
desk
desktop
experience Socioeconomics
...
http://data.linkeded...
Education reform
Concurrent computing
Higher education
Exponentials
Risk SchoolsElectronic feedback Educational facilities
Psychology
Topology Numbers Uncertainty of numbers Mechanical vibrations
Filter frequency res...
Formal systems
Mathematical axioms
Educational Regulation
Colonial Colleges
institut... Social
History concepts
of ideas Concepts in physics Mathematical analysis Encodings Mathematical proofs
Types of
International business
econom...
Non-profit
Quality
Governance Social
assurance
en...
organizat...
anthropology Social psychology http://data.linkeded... Educational stages Television
Academia
Axiology
Mathematics education Wave mechanics Iterative methods
Fundraising
Professional Budgets
titles ... Culture COBOL terminology Polynomials
Neuropsychology
Sexual arousal
University
Harvard
Mergers of
Medical
Gothic
Academic
Chicago
Vector graphics
Meta-analysis
School
andRevival
acquisit...
institutions
archi... Role Sociology
status of culture Discourse analysis
Charles Sanders Peirce Social philosophy Group processes
.NET programming lan...
Object-oriented
Human
Sociodynamics
prog...
Philosophy http://data.linkeded...
behavior of language
Behavior Training Heat transfer
Underwater diving sa...
Statistics education
Mathematical science...
Validity (statistics)
Filter theory Mathematical optimiz... Computational fluid ...
Polymorphism
Biotechnology
Committee Systematic
Cambridge
on Institu...
Genetics review
or genomics... Identity Computer libraries Summary statistics f...
Sexual emotions Greek inventions http://data.linkeded... Compilers Sun Microsystems Sorting algorithms
Universities and
Professorial col...
degrees School types Logic Abstract algebraMathematics Numerical analysis
Organizations establ...
Home economics Syntactic relationsh... Community Technology Applied linguistics Equations
Types of functions
Film and video techn... Types of university
Engineering ... Control theory http://data.linkeded... Infinity Mind%E2%80%93body pr...
Elementary algebra Science education
State functions Coding theoryLinear algebra Interpolation
Alternative education
http://data.linkeded... Algebra Theories of mind
Probability distribu... Philosophy of psycho...
Human resource manag...
Web 2.0 neologisms Local Computer
government programming... http://data.linkeded... http://data.linkeded...
http://data.linkeded... Production and manuf...
Chemical engineering Philosophical concepts
Parallel computing
Behavioral concepts Mathematical
Interdisciplinary fi...
http://data.linkeded...
Potential
concepts Phenomena
Phenomenology Sentences by type
Operations research Special functions
PsychologicalDNA theories
Education policy
http://data.linkeded... Citizen media http://data.linkeded... Attention-deficit
Branches Lexicography
hy...
of philosophy Differential equations http://data.linkeded...
Human-based computat... Attention Psychology articles ... Phase transitions
http://data.linkeded... Ecological metrics
Oral communication
Peer-to-peer computing
Manufacturing
Ontology http://data.linkeded... Linguistics
Semantics http://data.linkeded... Functions and mappings
Optimal control
Computer storage
Culturaldev... File sharing networks Systems engineering Arabic loanwords
http://data.linkeded...
economics Curricula BehaviouralPerception
sciences Population Education by subject Image processing Cryptography Neuroimaging
Recording
Sound production tec... EvolutionaryUnitsbiology Evaluation Radiology
Computer
Storage storage
media
Accountability Learning Business methods theory
Consciousness
Behavioral and socia...
ofEconomics terminology
information...
Mental processes Concepts in metaphys...
Unsolved problems in... sensitiv...
Information
Object-based
http://data.linkeded...
Classified information
program... http://data.linkeded...
Data collection Simulation
English words and ph...
Brain
Integral transforms
Optimization
Organs algorit... Frequency domain ana...
Leadership Academic publishing Programming language... Mathematical structu...
Demography BASIC interpreters Physics Wagering
Capital
Grammatical voices
http://data.linkeded... Microsoft
BASIC
Microsoft Visual
BASIC Greek loanwords
Stu...
compilers Calculus Physical sciences
Geometric algorithms Film techniques Electrical circuits
BusinessPositions of authority Creativity Concepts Mathematical economics
Limbic system
Socialsociology
Economic economy Management occupations
Environmental issues...
Management Algorithm descriptio...
http://data.linkeded...
Procedural programmi...
Articles with exampl... http://data.linkeded... Game theory Statistical forecast...
http://data.linkeded...
Biology theories Theories
Emotion Concepts in ethics http://data.linkeded... Group theory Bayesian inference
Covariance and corre...
Systems psychology Policy DebatingExperimental psychol...
Epistemology Human communication
Pedagogy Cognition Concepts in epistemo... http://data.linkeded... Error detection and ... Time series analysis
http://data.linkeded...
Progressive Era in t... MultimediaSocial epistemology BiostatisticsMathematical relations
Architects Philosophical school... Video game design
Philosophy of educat... Mathematical termino...
Western
Radioactivity
History art
of museums American philosophy Educational television Politics by issue Systems Formal methods http://data.linkeded... Science experiments
Philosophical moveme... Types of Social sciences
organization Branches of psychology Education Translation Arabic words and http://data.linkeded...
phr... Normal distribution Mathematical physics
Historical
History
Museum scientifi...
of biology
collections Sports terminology Pragmatism
Writing
Social sciences meth... Education-related te...
http://data.linkeded... Terminology
Metrology
http://data.linkeded...Geometry
Relationship counsel...Interpersonal relati... Bibliometrics Demographics
Political philosophy Government Research
Forteana
Collecting
History of earth sci... development Westerncourt classical mu... http://data.linkeded... Standardization Methods in sociology http://data.linkeded... Educational assessme...
Professional
Human
certifi...
Canadian Philosophy
system ofEconomies
National
mind
security Consumer behaviour
Strategic management
Knowledge sharing Length Critical http://data.linkeded...
thinking http://data.linkeded... http://data.linkeded... M-estimators
Mind Former courts and tr... Economic systems Demographic economics Compiler constructionReference Problem solving
Institutes Teleconferencing User interfacesNature Wikis http://data.linkeded...
Integrated developme... Statistical terminol...
Measurement Support
Quality vector
United
control machi...
States federa... ratios
Statistical
Transportation
Video plann... 1993Process (computing) Film production Engineering statistics Hypothesis testing
Supply chain managem...
Videotelephony
Statements
Tools introductions
Population ecology Adolescence
Philosophy of science Greek words and phra... Associative arrays Bioinformatics
Accessibility Operating system tec... Structure http://data.linkeded... http://data.linkeded... Article Feedback 5 A...
Urban design
Ergonomics Sociology index
Usability Knowledge Philosophy of mathem... Probability assessment
Web analytics
ERP
Internet software
marketing Postgraduate schools http://data.linkeded... Proprietary
Data-centric database...
program...
http://data.linkeded...
Programming paradigms
Marketing
Russian inventions http://data.linkeded... Design of experiments Vector calculus Error
Linear programming
Gambling terminology P-complete problems Personality theories
Mathematical finance
Data warehousing
Health
Social issues Library science Biology Educational technology Programming1992 software
language...
Object-oriented prog... Systems theory Cybernetics Mental structures Concepts in logic Observation Psychometrics
Privacy Acoustics Elementary mathematics Continuous distribut... Convex optimization
Business planning Analytics Digital rights User interface techn... Desktopdatabase
Microsoft databases... app...
Qualitative research Arrays
Sociological termino... Literacy History of mining http://data.linkeded... Thought Pharmacokinetics Statistical theory
Clubs and societies Financial data analy... Human rights Earth sciences Nonverbal
Information Age
Organizations
communicat... Decision theory Periodic table Abstraction http://data.linkeded...
Statistical deviatio... Conditionals
Business terms Information technology Interrogative words ... Statistical models
Society
Anthropological cate...
Academic disciplines Mining Neuropsychological Knowledge Psychological testing
a...
representa... Articles with incons... Regression Bayesian
analysis statistics Theory of probabilit...
Social groups Programming
Classification systems Information
Occupational
language... safety science
... http://data.linkeded... Diagrams Genetics
Cultural history
Ecology
Collaboration Strategy Process management
Computing Mathematical logic http://data.linkeded... Articles with exampl...
Sampling (statistics) Signal processing
ComputerInnovation
occupationsInnovation
economics Economics
Urban studiesSociolinguistics
and pl... American inventions Computer programming Evaluation methods http://data.linkeded...
Scientific revolution Planning http://data.linkeded... Actuarial science
Resources International relati... http://data.linkeded... Statistical inference Latent variable models
Science and technolo... Crowdsourcing http://data.linkeded... Comparison of assess...
Information technolo... Reading Analysis Heuristics Sources of knowledge
LawLaw enforcement
enforcement titles
occu...
Part-time employment
http://data.linkeded... Types of marketing
Virtual reality Anthropology
Educational software Standards
http://data.linkeded...
Learning Conceptual models Means Parametric statistics
Probability
Randomness
http://data.linkeded...
Dynamic programming
Human–computer inter... Microsoft developmen... Market research Medical statistics
Product management
Publishing
Law terms
enforcement Ecosystems http://data.linkeded... Complex dynamics Science
Business
Law enforcement
software
occu... Personal life
Conservation
Sociological terms
Computing
Cognitive science
terminology Summary statistics Probability and stat... http://data.linkeded... Educational psycholo...
Police ranks http://data.linkeded... Distance education
History of Organizational
education behav... Futurology Basic concepts
Logic in se... http://data.linkeded...
Singapore Police Force Formal sciences Source codeScientific method
http://data.linkeded...
and statistics
Tool-using species
Questionnaire constr...
Learning management ... Human%E2%80%93comput... Vectors
Functional analysis Articles containing ...
Communication Research methods Cultural landscapes
http://data.linkeded...
Virtual learning env... Developmental psycho... Decision
Expert
http://data.linkeded...
Support Sys...
systems Technical factors of... http://data.linkeded...
http://data.linkeded... Megafauna of Australia Hidden Markov models Number theory
Places http://data.linkeded... http://data.linkeded...
http://data.linkeded...
http://data.linkeded... Methodology
Environmental science http://data.linkeded... Architectural termin...
Probability theory
Physical objects
http://data.linkeded...
Integers
Cardinal numbers
Zonohedra
Prismatoid
Space-filling
polyhedra
polyhe...
Critical phenomena Ship construction http://data.linkeded... Cubes
http://data.linkeded...
Interaction
ComputerEpistemology of scie...
Mathematical notation Logical consequence Platonic solids
Economic anthropology Environment http://data.linkeded...
http://data.linkeded... Systems science
http://data.linkeded... data Interpretation (phil... Prediction
Statistical data sets
Estimation theory Forestry
Megafauna of Eurasia
Personality
Volume
Social research Sociological theories Technical communicat... Generalized linear m... http://data.linkeded...
http://data.linkeded... Aptitude Plants
http://data.linkeded...
Materials science http://data.linkeded...
Natural language pro... InfographicsScientific modeling
Mathematical modeling
http://data.linkeded... http://data.linkeded... Megafauna
Apes
Trees of North A...
Online gaming
Internet Online
properties services
games ...
Information retrieval
Artificial intellige... http://data.linkeded... Factorial
Cosmopolitan
and binomi...
species
Folksonomy
Secure communication http://data.linkeded... http://data.linkeded... http://data.linkeded... Human geography
Photo
Socialization
Risk management
Archival science
Computer
sharing
art
1999 introductions Content management s...
http://data.linkeded...
Reputation management
X86-64
Hypertext
Linux distrib...
Medicinal chemistry
Data management Auxiliary sciences o... Econometrics StatisticalSequences
methodsand series
Real algebraic geome...
Megafauna of South Plotting
A... software Discrete distributions
RiskFacebook
Educational video
Student
analysis ga...
Systems culture
ecology Groupware Complex Domain systems name system
theory Data analysis Plant morphology
Linux numerical
Numerical anal...
programmin... Sensitivity analysis
Social
Document
Network
1988management
introductions
bookmarking
Semantic
performance Web
%3C!--Professions--%... ... Revolutionary tactics Self-organization
Organizational theory Debian-based distrib... Software architecture Intelligence Quality control tools
Real numbers
Megafauna of Data analysis software
Africa Mathematical series
Computer-mediated Internet co...
access
Taxonomy Free software cultur... Mathematical and http://data.linkeded...
qua... IRIX software Permutations
Computer
XML-based Blog
Health
Security
Zoomable
network
hosting
standards
promotion
sec...
services
Interoperability User Interf... Mass media DebianPostmodernism
Business Poisson
intelligence
http://data.linkeded... Educational psychology Transdisciplinarity
http://data.linkeded... http://data.linkeded... Statistical intervals Probability distribu...
Matter C softwarecross-pl...
Workflow
Symbian
Internet Socialtechnology
software
Virtual
privacy constructionism
avatars Social systems
Media 1993 software
technology Psychological attitude English inventions processesPharmacology http://data.linkeded... Psephology
Proprietary
Companies establishe...
Cognitive
Performance psychology
management Social networks theory Education schoolsStatistical data types Education
State schoolsininthe Uni...
the... Information systems Categorical data Matrices Logical fallacies
Array programming la...
Translation
Superorganisms
Intelligence
Video
studies
Biological
2004
game culture
Parsing
(inform...
systems
establishments Cascading Style Sheets
Communication Network theory
Industrial design
Data Data structures Elementary special f... models
Windows Mobile
Phonecomputers
Deliberative methods
Algorithms
software on strings ... Network addressing Teacher training
1989 introductions Natural sciences Markov
Conjugate prior dist...
Games of Bada
Websites which
Types
mentalFilmsoftware
and
mirro...
of
skill video termi...
library Web design Web services Types of databases Application software Reasoning http://data.linkeded... Exponential family d...
Software development
Human Digital
rights byhumanities
issue Internet Protocol
Hawaiian words and p... Cross-platform softw... trade Computer architecture
SoftwareBroadband
design Digital
E-commerce libraries Stylesheet languages Community buildingInternational Windows word http://data.linkeded...
process... http://data.linkeded... Statistics Vector spaces
Computational
Learning
Underlying MUD statis...
psychology
principle... terminology Social information Articlesp...
1983
in needsoftware
of ... Information Articles with exampl... Graphical models Distributions with Megafauna
c... Numerical linear alg...
Companies Community
Symbiosis
Home computer Blog websites
software
software
establishe...
Notetaking Mac OS Technical
X word communicat...
proces... Computer graphicsengineering
Industrial Dimension Stable distributions Animals described
Curves in...
Privately
RSS servers
Proxy
Marketing held
Global
Computer research compa...
internetc... comm...
security so... Intellectual propert... 1969 introductions
Open methodologies Atari ST software
Mac OS word processors Quantitative research Quality Collective intellige... Holism Mathematical sciences Machine learning Decision trees Bayesian networks
Scottish inventions
Estimation of densit...
Lifelong learning
Computer security Socialsc...networking se... Internet protocols Invasive mammalStatisticsspec... articles ...
Deviance
Laptops and pr...
social ... 2000s in computer Computer law Geography Classification algor... http://data.linkeded...
CompaniesAutomaticbased identifica...
Digital
in media
R...
Sociology Cloud applications Social
Buzzwords media Communication design Experimental physics Data mining Relational database ...
Logarithms Representation theor... Environmental health Articles with exampl...
BlackBerry Crime software
Rights
Internet
Persistent
prevention
forum termi...
Worlds InternetNeologisms
ages
InternetWeb 2.0 World Wide Web Prospect http://data.linkeded...
theory
http://data.linkeded... Charts Data modeling
Theoretical computer... http://data.linkeded... Representation theory
Web syndication
Internet form...
architecture Digital technology
Enterprise applicati... New media http://data.linkeded...
http://data.linkeded... Learning in computer... Bilinear operators Windows software
Internet memes Identifiers http://data.linkeded... Algorithms
Brand management Documentary Sociocultural
film tec...global... http://data.linkeded... Qualia
Articles with exampl... Statistical classifi...
Service-oriented Computing
Speech recognition
(bu... platformsScience-related lists
Sound Microsoft Office
Networks Control flowDigitalProbability
photography
http://data.linkeded...
interpre...http://data.linkeded...
Metadata
http://data.linkeded... Sparse matrices
Assistive technology Analytical chemistry
Information technolo... Waves Radiation health eff... http://data.linkeded...
History of radio
Hearing
Mutation Statistical charts a... http://data.linkeded...
Euclidean solid geom...
Elementary shapes
Utility software type Websites Television genres http://data.linkeded...
Computational resour...Elementary geometry All articlestheory
Computability lacking... SQL http://data.linkeded... One
Articles including
Metric geometry r... Computer science Articles lacking sou... http://data.linkeded... Complex numbers
Web development Database theory Article Feedback 5 Declarative programm...
Articles with exampl...
Applied mathematics
LocalLocal government
government dis...in ... http://data.linkeded... Web applications Computational science http://data.linkeded...
Places Disk
Economics
Populated ofplaces
Philosophy
file systems
in Berkshire ...
ofest...
transpo... disambigu...
Relational model http://data.linkeded... Integrals
SoftwareHistory
companies telecommu...
Computer
String b...memory
similarity me... Area
Modernism neuros...
Computational
Constraint programming
Towns in Berkshire Economic geography
Sociocultural evolut... Historical eras Query languages Input/output
Cloud
Companies DOScomputing
establishe...
on authorities
IBM States
PC compat... of the United...
Northern American co... Reporting ComputersComputer languages Electronic circuit v... Linear operators in ...
Unitary
Local authorities ... ad...Household
Member states ofincome
NATO Radio formats Theories of history
Globalization Accesshttp://data.linkeded...
control Database management ... Epidemiology Multivariate statist...
Subdivisions of the...... Markup languages
Cloud
Online platforms
education
IBM
Website management
and AvonCountries
PC compatibles
Kennet Canal
History of television United
Countries
Income bordering
First-level in
Country
Earth
States and
bordering
...informati...
English-speaking
administ...
Geographicthe United...
Former
States
Superpowers
cou...
confederations
subdivisions...
sciences
territori...data ... Identity management
School districts... Internet search algo...
Cultural geography
Visualization (graph...
http://data.linkeded...
Particle physics http://data.linkeded... Logic in computer sc...
Combinatorial optimi...
1776 establishments Data modeling langua...
Justification
G8 nations
Countries borderingdensity
Population
Income countr...
Bicontinental
... Search engine optimi...
Google http://data.linkeded... http://data.linkeded... Logging
Thermodynamic entropy Library cataloging a... Algebraic structures Analytic geometry Computational comple...
Internet companies o... Link analysis Programming language... Pharmaceutical indus...
Internet properties ... http://data.linkeded... Databases Data types Secondary education
Real-time web Philosophy of therma...Statistical natural ... Combinatorics
Privately
Twitterheld compa... Cartography http://data.linkeded... Geometric measurement
2006 establishments
Companies based ...
inFree
S... Systemic Risk - Beha...
Collaborative software Spam filtering
Free educational
learning sof...
suppor...
Internet culture Online chat http://data.linkeded...
Free learning manage... Open problems Free software layer pr... systemshttp://data.linkeded...
Recommender
Application Multiple choice
Subroutines
Free Free
content managem... Programming
University constructs
of Cambri...
software progra... Internet forums Emerging technologies Computational lingui... GraphArtificial
theory intellige...
Computer networking World Wide Web Conso...
Files
Computer file systems
http://data.linkeded...
Youth rights
Telecommunications e... Clinical research Symmetry
Types of communities Vision Inter-process commun... http://data.linkeded... http://data.linkeded... Markov processes NP-complete
Graph families
Perfect graphs
problems
Photography Non-parametric stati... in Graph
1971Differential
computerconnectivity
sci...
topology
English
Listed Heritage
buildings inof...the U... Computer security Complexity
Parity classes
Archaeology
Applied psychology Maps Exploratory data ana... Experiments Graph data structures
British architecture
Town and country pla... http://data.linkeded... Matrix Differential
normal
Singular valueformsgeometry
decom...
Aesthetics
Consensus reality
Graphic design ClusterGeostatistics
analysis Geodesy
Stochastic processes Glossaries
Manifolds of mathem...
Educational research Matrix theory
Text messaging Algebraic graph theory
Chemical kinetics
Survey methodology
Types of polling Environmental moveme...
Robust statistics Coordinate systems
Neural networks French loanwords Member states of the... Ren%C3%A9 Descartes
Lie algebras
Graphical user Android
inter...
IOS software
software G20 nations Lie groups
Geometric topology Set families
Companies listed on ... Federal countries
System administration
Services management ...
Technology in society Computer file formats http://data.linkeded... Liberal democracies
http://data.linkeded...
Server hardware
Servers (computing) Nursing South Asian countries
VariableSoftware
(computerindustry
p...
GUI game
Video widgets
gameplay Software licenses Food and Drugresearch
Admini... Article Feedback Bla...
Business models
Statistical outliers user inter... Internet search
History engi...
of the Inter... 1985 software DrugClinical
discovery
trials Member states India
of the...
Software
Computer networks distribution
Graphical
Video game terminology Building
Advertising engineering
publicat... States and territori...
G15 nations
Computer jargon http://data.linkeded...
Java platform software Member states of the...
Countries
BRICS
the Ind...
Statistical programm... Former British colon...
Statistical software
Blogging
Words coined in the ... Software engineering
Literary genres Free algebraicgroup
Geometric struc...
theory
Politics and technol... Combinatorial
Propertiesgroup ...
of groups International rankings
Systems
Unified Modeling
Modeling Lan...
Matrix decompositionsOpen formats
Lan...
Blogs
Australian televisio... Internet terminology Thermodynamics
Non-standard
Ethernet http://data.linkeded...
Humans Fundamental analysis
Stock market Binary arithmetic analysis
English-language
Kohlberg Kravis tel...
Robe... Network HTTP
protocols Free software Rotation
Oracle Model
compan... selection
acquisitions
Seven Network Web browsers Tasks Foreign
of exchange
Derivatives
Natural lan... mar...
(finance) Google Earth Surfaces
Pi
Networking hardware .NET2002 software
framework
Television channels ...
Asymptotic analysis
Navigation Commodities
Modelstranslation
Computer-assistedoftr...
computation market Units History ofLexical
Angle
of information mathematics
Software
2005units
Words
that uses Qt
software
Analysis of algorithms Machine
Concurrency
Formal (compute...
specification... Linux
Geometric software variable
Regression
Orientation
centers Field theory
...
Software development...
http://data.linkeded... Petri nets applicatio...
Microsoft Binary Temperature
treesSoftware Astrological
companies
Triangle aspects
b...
centers
Trees (data structur... GPS Mathematics
Remote of
Keyhole infin...
Markup
sensing
GIS Langu...
fileTravel
formats
Private equity portf... Units Bilinear
Differential
of linguistic ...forms
Open geometr... Alliance
Data serialization f... BigTable implementat...
Companies establishe...
Nucleic acids
Affine geometry
Virtual Primitive Circles
Freeware
globes types
History ofClassical
calculusmechanics
Orbits
Mac OS X software Celestial
Kinematics
Conic mechanics
sections
Software Distributed computin... Euclidean
Companies geometry
based in S...
Project development...
management s... Software usingprogramm...
Freedesktop.org
Application the M...
Free Operating
Freegraphics systems
software
windowing
X Window systems
System
http://data.linkeded...
Computer hardware co...
Spreadsheet
Mac OS softwaresoftware Cloud computing
Computer prov...o...
companies
Signs Inventory
of death
Enterprise modelling
Composting
Business
Anaerobic processwaste
Biodegradable
digestion
Articles containing ... ...
Perimeter security
Telecommunication th...
Discrete mathematics
Network architecture 1969 in computer
WaterHydrology
waveshazards Spreadsheet file file
for... Directed graphs sci...
Water Sociological
streams
Weather theory Bibliography fo...
Historiography
Floodlandforms
Fluvial Weather PresentationXML
layer p...
BasicWater Geomorphology
Rivers
Postmodern theory
meteorological...
http://data.linkeded... Composite
National Collier
1975
Medal data
of IBM
Trophy types
recip...
establishments
Te...
Electronics ...
companie...
1896Semiconductor
establishments compan...
...
Windows
Olympic administration
Children
sports Computer storage
Display Companies
American
Information
com...
technology
Social UML
theory
c...
classes
Companies establishe...
brands Partners
establishe...
Safety codes
Stairways Socialism
Abstract compan...
data types
Childhood
MacArchitectural
OS user interface
elements Multinational
1911 Publicly ofComputer
Companies
Point
traded
establishments sale
comp... security
listed
compan...on ... so...
Figure Ice
Sports skating
entertainment
Garden features
dancing Companies
Social
Microsoft
Software
based
divisions
Companies in...W...
companies b...
establishe...
Dow Companies
Transaction
Jones
Companies based
processing
Industrial...
in the Dow... in R...
Blogospheres
Solid mechanics
Hacking Property se...
(computer
Web security exploits
Deformation
Injection exploits
Vitaceae
Computer Viticulture
Property
security
Grape
law
ex...
varieties
Social inequality
Software
Security testing
compliance
WoodUniv...
Alumni of Woodworking
Keele
The People
Pogues
1955 from
births Stoke-on...
members
English guitarists
English
People Living
associated banjoists
peoplewi...
Woodcarving
Figure 5: Topic coverage of LAK data graph for the individual resources.
5. RELATED WORK [3] G. Cobo, D. García-Solórzano, J. A. Morán, E. Santamaría,
Cobo et al.[3] presents an analysis of student participation in on- C. Monzo, and J. Melenchón. Using agglomerative
line discussion forums using an agglomerative hierarchical clus- hierarchical clustering to model learner participation profiles
tering algorithm, and explore the profiles to find relevant activ- in online discussion forums. In Proc. of the 2nd International
ity patterns and detect different student profiles. Barber et al. [1] Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge, LAK
uses a predictive analytic model to prevent students from failing ’12, pages 248–251, New York, NY, USA, 2012. ACM.
in courses. They analyze several variables, such as grades, age, [4] A. Essa and H. Ayad. Student success system: risk analytics
attendance and others, that can impede the student learning.Kahn and data visualization using ensembles of predictive models.
et al. [7] present a long-term study using hierarchical cluster anal- In Proc. of the 2nd International Conference on Learning
ysis, t-tests and Pearson correlation that identified seven behavior Analytics and Knowledge, LAK ’12, pages 158–161, New
patterns of learners in online discussion forums based on their ac- York, NY, USA, 2012. ACM.
cess. García-Solórzano et al. [6] introduce a new educational mon- [5] E. Gabrilovich and S. Markovitch. Computing semantic
itoring tool that helps tutors to monitor the development of the relatedness using wikipedia-based explicit semantic analysis.
students. Unlike traditional monitoring systems, they propose a In Proc. of the 20th international joint conference on
faceted browser visualization tool to facilitate the analysis of the Artifical intelligence, IJCAI’07, pages 1606–1611, San
student progress. Glass [8] provides a versatile visualization tool to Francisco, CA, USA, 2007. Morgan Kaufmann Pub. Inc.
enable the creation of additional visualizations of data collections. [6] D. García-Solórzano, G. Cobo, E. Santamaría, J. A. Morán,
Essa et al. [4] utilize predictive models to identify learners aca- C. Monzo, and J. Melenchón. Educational monitoring tool
demically at-risk. They present the problem with an interesting based on faceted browsing and data portraits. In Proc. of the
analogy to the patient-doctor workflow, where first they identify the 2nd International Conference on Learning Analytics and
problem, analyze the situation and then prescribe courses that are Knowledge, LAK ’12, pages 170–178, New York, NY, USA,
indicated to help the student to succeed. Siadaty et al.[13] present 2012. ACM.
the Learn-B environment, a hub system that captures information [7] T. M. Khan, F. Clear, and S. S. Sajadi. The relationship
about the users usage in different softwares and learning activities between educational performance and online access routines:
in their workplace and present to the user feedback to support future analysis of students’ access to an online discussion forum. In
decisions, planning and accompanies them in the learning process. Proc. of the 2nd International Conference on Learning
In the same way, McAuley et al. [9] propose a visual analyt- Analytics and Knowledge, LAK ’12, pages 226–229, New
ics to support organizational learning in online communities. They York, NY, USA, 2012. ACM.
present their analysis through an adjacency matrix and an ad- [8] D. Leony, A. Pardo, L. de la Fuente Valentín, D. S.
justable timeline that show the communication-actions of the users de Castro, and C. D. Kloos. Glass: a learning analytics
and is able to organize it into temporal patterns. Bramucci et al. [2] visualization tool. In Proc. of the 2nd International
presents Sherpa an academic recommendation system to support Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge, LAK
students on making decisions. For instance, using the learner pro- ’12, pages 162–163, New York, NY, USA, 2012. ACM.
files they recommend courses or make interventions in case that [9] J. McAuley, A. O’Connor, and D. Lewis. Exploring
students are at-risk. reflection in online communities. In Proc. of the 2nd
In the related work, we showed how different perspectives and International Conference on Learning Analytics and
the necessity of new tools and methods to make data available and Knowledge, LAK ’12, pages 102–110, New York, NY, USA,
help decision-makers. 2012. ACM.
[10] P. N. Mendes, M. Jakob, A. García-Silva, and C. Bizer.
6. CONCLUSION Dbpedia spotlight: shedding light on the web of documents.
In this paper we presented the main features of the Cite4Me Web In Proc. of the 7th International Conference on Semantic
application. Cite4Me makes use of several data sources to provide Systems, I-Semantics ’11, pages 1–8, New York, NY, USA,
information for users interested on scientific publications and its 2011. ACM.
applications. [11] B. Pereira Nunes, S. Dietze, M. A. Casanova, R. Kawase,
Additionally, we provided a general framework on data discov- B. Fetahu, and W. Nejdl. Combining a co-occurrence-based
ery and correlated resources based on a constructed feature set, and a semantic measure for entity linking. In ESWC, 2013
consisting of items extracted from reference datasets. It made pos- (to appear).
sible for users, to search and relate resources from a dataset with [12] B. Pereira Nunes, R. Kawase, S. Dietze, D. Taibi, M. A.
other resources offered as Linked Data. Casanova, and W. Nejdl. Can entities be friends? In
For more information about the Cite4Me Web application refer G. Rizzo, P. Mendes, E. Charton, S. Hellmann, and
to http://www.cite4me.com. A. Kalyanpur, editors, Proc. of the Web of Linked Entities
Workshop in conjuction with the 11th International Semantic
7. REFERENCES Web Conference, volume 906 of CEUR-WS.org, pages
45–57, Nov. 2012.
[1] R. Barber and M. Sharkey. Course correction: using analytics
to predict course success. In Proc. of the 2nd International [13] M. Siadaty, D. Gašević, J. Jovanović, N. Milikić, Z. Jeremić,
Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge, LAK L. Ali, A. Giljanović, and M. Hatala. Learn-b: a social
’12, pages 259–262, New York, NY, USA, 2012. ACM. analytics-enabled tool for self-regulated workplace learning.
In Proc. of the 2nd International Conference on Learning
[2] R. Bramucci and J. Gaston. Sherpa: increasing student
Analytics and Knowledge, LAK ’12, pages 115–119, New
success with a recommendation engine. In Proc. of the 2nd
York, NY, USA, 2012. ACM.
International Conference on Learning Analytics and
Knowledge, LAK ’12, pages 82–83, New York, NY, USA, [14] C. van Rijsbergen, S. Robertson, and M. Porter. New models
2012. ACM. in probabilistic information retrieval. 1980.