In the scientific work is presented the development of a method of selecting cloud computing platforms for service government agencies, which in future will form the Digital Government according to the Message of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan N. Nazarbayev to the people of Kazakhstan «Kazakhstan way - 2050: Unified goal, common interests, common future». And also in the article are considered forecasts of growth and the development of cloud services in various countries, including Kazakhstan. Based on the results of research of company «Boston Consulting Group» (BCG), reflected in the article «Kazakhstan on the way to the digital economy», according to the level of digitalization the economy of Kazakhstan occupies the 50-th ranking of 85 governments and is in a group with emerging digital economy. The digital divide between the leading governments and the lagging countries is increasing from year to year; therefore, the article reflects one of the ways to develop the digitalization of Kazakhstan's economy. Descriptions and characteristics of various companies included in the international rating of Cloud100 are described as the most successful and competitive companies in the world on cloud technologies. All companies from this list are distributed as the top 20 companies for PaaS services. A criterion for selecting companies of cloud services is proposed, taking into account international and national ICT requirements. The web-portal was developed to assess the quality of cloud services from various companies of the world, which are working on cloud-based services. The analysis of the introduction of cloud services in Kazakhstan, and their advantages, and benefits for the public sector was made. For the cloud-based service of the module PaaS are selected the most optimal and suitable companies from the Cloud100 list.
The relevance of the scientific work lies in connection with the implementation of the government program “Digital Kazakhstan” for 2017-2020 and with the planned transition of state agencies to a new model of informatization, which includes the introduction of technologies on cloud computing, which in turn will lead to an increase the efficiency of public administration and reduce the cost of information and communication technologies in the public sector. Also in the scientific work are presented innovative solutions for transition the economy of Kazakhstan as a whole, to digitalization, by applying cloud services in all sectors of the economy of the RK, which affects the message of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan from 10.01.2018 to the people of Kazakhstan, where are considered issues of digitalization of the entire economy of Kazakhstan. 2
Currently, there are four main trends in the IT industry: cloud, user mobility, large data (bigdata), and social systems. I'm considering the perspectives of development cloud services, which in turn are divided into traditional models (see Fig. 1) and recently appeared models (see Fig. 2): The most advanced and technological market in this area is the US market. Studies show that in the United States the percentage of companies that use human resource management system (HRMS-Human Resources Management Systems), under the SaaS model is growing rapidly. The most known companies (service providers, outsourcing, business processes and IT) in this market have a long history of using SaaS business model. Their decisions are most in demand among companies with up to 1000 people, as well as among geographically dispersed or international companies that wish to consolidate business processes. According to market analysts, the HRM systems will be more focused on business requirements and less dependent on internal IT-infrastructure of company. Analysts also note that the SaaS model is especially relevant in post-crisis conditions, when many companies highlight the importance of TCO/ROI (Total Cost of Ownership /Return on Investment) indicators, considering these metrics as «one of the determining factors in choosing HRM systems». According to IDC (analytical companies), SaaS market in the world amounted to about 20 billion dollars in 2011 and will grow to 60.8 billion dollars in 2016 year. However, according to STL (analytical company) information (see fig. 4), which brings its data on the secondary analysis basis of a number analytical agencies studying, including Bain Analysis, IDC, Forrester, William Blair & Co., in 2017 the volume of this market may to reach 66 billion dollars.
What is a similar variation in the estimates? Apparently, there are two groups of reasons.
The first – architectural and terminological – part of analysts adheres to the classical formulation, that is, defines SaaS as providing software in the form of a service based on a multi-tenant solution from the «cloud» for a wide range of unrelated clients, the presence of open API code, self-service elements and other classical attributes SaaS.
The second group of reasons for possible discrepancies is functionally
terminological. For example, IDC as SaaS only considers traditional types of software, such as
CRM, SCM, ERP, CAD / CAM / CAE, provided as services. Computer games, media
services, e-shops, social networks and e-government services are classified by IDC as
«business as a service», where services are built on the consumption of «cloud» IT
services [
With regard to the development of PaaS services, TechNavio analysts provided an
industry report called «Global Platform as a Service (PaaS) for the period
20122016», which indicates that PaaS services market will reach 6.45$ billion by 2016.
These numbers overlap with the forecasts of analytical companies Gartner, which said
that the PaaS market will reach $1.2 billion by the end of 2012. Despite the positive
dynamics of growth in the popularity of PaaS, there are some difficulties, overcoming
that the market can accelerate significantly above the forecasts of cloud technology
experts. More than three quarters of the survey respondents said that they will have
41.5% of customers using only PaaS by 2016, compared to 36.5% by the end of 2015.
More often clients of cloud model PaaS became: manufacture – 21.5% of
respondents, and providing financial services – make 20.2% of respondents. Communications
(16.1%), government (15.6%) and retail (10.2%), finished the top five most popular
clients of the cloud, presented a platform as a service [
According to analysis, the world market of public cloud services (SaaS, IaaS, PaaS) will increase by an average of 40% annually and by 2016 the world market of public cloud services will reach $204 billion, which is 16.5% more than in 2015 ($ 175 billion), predicts Gartner (see fig. 5). In turn, IDC expects even more growth – by 19.4% to $141 billion against $70 billion last year. According to Gartner forecasts by 2015, more than half of government services in the world will be provided from clouds, and many small and medium-sized businesses seriously consider the possibility of abandoning the traditional model of IT infrastructure in favor of public cloud services. According to foreign surveys, more than 60% of respondents are developing a strategy for the introduction of clouds, and a third is already actively exploiting them. Now the world's most popular services are private clouds – in a ratio of 60/40, but by 2015 this proportion will be reversed. As a result, it turns out that modern cloud computing systems help to reduce the number of servers 6 times, the system takes up 6 times smaller area in the data center, besides it saves up to 80% of electricity. Gartner calculated that the world IT spending in 2016 will grow by 0.6% compared to last year. Thus, the growth rate of the public cloud services market is 27.5 times higher than the growth rate of the IT market as a whole. The IDC named a more modest number – the growth rates are six times different. The most growth, as Gartner expects, will be the «Infrastructure as a Service» segment (IaaS). According to analysts, in 2016 the growth of this direction in monetary terms will be 38.4%. Cloud advertising – the largest segment of the global cloud services market, will show 13.6% growth in 2016 and reach $90.3 billion while the volume of the IaaS segment is $22.4 billion. The reasons for growth «The high growth rate of the global market for cloud services providers are due to the transition from traditional patterns of service consumption to cloud services,» explained Gartner analysts. Over the past few years the software industry has been actively proceeds to model development and implementation since the beginning of the cloud (SaaS). By 2018, most of the software vendors will go completely to the SaaS/PaaS code base. This means that many corporate customers, who have reached the next major stage of software update, will be first of all offered to use the SaaS model, IDC added.
Vertical market
Most public cloud services in 2015 y. were spent by piece production industry
($8.6 billion), further followed by banking services ($6.8 billion), and followed by
professional services ($ 6.6 billion). By 2019, professional services will overtake
banking services in terms of spending on public clouds and will take second place. All
three of these industries in 2015 were leaders in the EMEA (Europe, Middle East
Africa). Telecommunications industry, in turn, will take the first place by 2019 in
terms of expenses. In addition, the telecommunications industry for the period from
2014 to 2019 y.y. will show the highest average annual growth rate at the level of
22.2%. The value of more than 20% during the period also shows: media companies,
federal and municipal government, education, retail, transportation and mining [
Cloud development in different countries of the world.
The first opportunities for cloud computing were evaluated by American
companies. Vivek Kundra - director of the federal department of IT technologies CIO of the
US government, in February 2011, published a strategy for the US government to
transfer part of information systems to the cloud. The document entitled «Federal
Cloud computing Strategy» clearly describes the order, and the time to transfer the
part of the system to the cloud. Their goal is to reduce the complexity of managing IT
technologies, increase the utilization of equipment to 70-80%, and reduce the number
of data centers, now the US government has more than 800. Currently, the United
States Senate filed a new bill designed to adapt its legislation to the new realities of
cloud computing. 2012 Cloud Computing Act, submitted to the Senate by the
representatives of the Republican and Democratic Party, will oblige all federal agencies
publish annual reports on the progress of transferring their computer networks to the
cloud. Processing large massive of data sets is a very costly exercise because it
requires serious computing power, respectively; need a lot of expensive servers.
Nevertheless, in the US they found a way out of the situation, installed on a single
hardware, several operating systems that allegedly work on separate computers. Due to
this, the efficiency is increased to 85%, if you compare these readings with each
individual server, then their efficiency will be 10% per year. Therefore, 90% of time the
system heats the air. In addition to increasing efficiency, there is considerable savings
in technology, which simply does not need to be bought. In addition, such systems
allow you to cope with scheduled peak loads. For example, we know that at the end of
the month the accounting department will have a lot of work. To ensure that nothing
«hangs» and does not «slow down», we allocate additional capacities on virtual
servers. This process can occur in an automatic mode. And for each employee of the
company you can create a virtual workplace. In the application of cloud technologies in
Kazakhstan not so extensive experience is accumulated, nevertheless, there are
enough examples of successful implementation. Among the government initiatives in
the field of cloud computing, the strategy of the US government is the most extensive
and ambitious. The administration of Barack Obama launched a radical IT-reform,
whose goal is to reduce costs, increase the transparency and the efficiency of
government IT spending, and the federal cloud strategy is one of the most important tools for
its implementation [
The most prosperous country for «clouds» is Japan. Nowadays, it is there operates
the most favorable, technological and legal framework, for effective implementation
and development of cloud technologies. Japanese corporation Panasonic expands the
line of «smart» household appliances and launches in Japan a new cloud service that
allows to remotely controlling a whole range of home appliances, from refrigerators
and air conditioners, to kitchen appliances, appliances for beauty and health. The
Panasonic Smart App, which will be available from the end of September this year,
will allow owners of Smartphone on the Android OS, remotely manage compatible
appliances, setting various programs for devices and monitoring energy savings. This
is not the first case of using cloud technology by Panasonic - in June 2012, the 3-Star
Bistro microwave oven and induction rice cooker, owners who can choose recipes,
and program settings, and upload them to kitchen appliances via Android
Smartphones have already been introduced. On September 25, Panasonic will
introduce in Japan new home appliances that support management from mobile devices.
Among them are X series air conditioners, the flagship model of the refrigerator
NRF557XV, the drum-type washing machines with built-in drying (NA-VX8200 /
NAVT8200), as well as the beauty and health equipment - the body parameters analyzer
EW-FA43, calorie counter EW -NK63 and a tonmeter EW-BW53. By the way, new
models of air conditioners can be managed not only from Android-smartphones, but
also from mobile devices Apple iPhones. Using the Panasonic Smart App application,
you can remotely control the operation of the home air conditioner, (while away from
home), check the efficiency of the refrigerator or turn on the washing machine by
setting the required washing program. The program will also help to maintain beauty
and health, allowing users to efficiently manage body health data – to build graphs of
body weight changes, to track the amount of calories consumed and energy spent on
performing tasks. Thus, the development of cloud technology in Japan comes with
advanced technologies [
The experience of the Korean government, on the application of cloud computing
technology, was noted as an excellent example in the UN report. The Economic Report
for 2013, published by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
(UNCTD) on December 3, focused on the system, Korea's general national computing
platform, describing it as a «standardized and automated system for managing a single
government information center». The Economic Report 2013, published by UNCTD,
stated that the national platform system improved the investment attractiveness of
infrastructure, information and security systems. The report reported that effective
management of public, information resources allowed reducing budget expenditures and
increase energy efficiency, as well as opportunities for countering cyber attacks. Two case
studies, highlighted in the report, included a tremendous reduction in budget
expenditures and a strengthened system of responses to cyber threats. Improved supply, shared
resources, and coordinated development of common functions and services allowed to
reduce budget expenditures for the purchase and operation of ICT resources in the
region of 30%. In addition, with the introduction of automated, information, recognition
system that captures and blocks external attacks, the monthly average time loss radically
decreased from 67 minutes per unit in 2004 to 3.04 seconds in June 2013. The report
was characterized by the Korean government, as «the leading example of network
compatibility and management of the data center» [
As for Russia, there is a vivid example of virtualization in IT – it is a project of the
mobile operator MTS and VMware. As a result of the introduction to virtualization
technologies, power consumption and air conditioning costs were reduced by 20%,
saving of occupied physical space was 60%, saving of used physical equipment –
78%, cost saving for licensing (Windows Server licenses) – 85.5%. The total number
of licenses decreased from 116 to 36. Developing its own cloud services that can be
easily operated and added, sometimes it takes a few hours to fix the problem and
launch some new service. As a result, it turns out that modern cloud computing
systems help to reduce the number of servers 6 times, the system takes up to 6 times
smaller area in the data center, besides it saves up to 80% of electricity. However,
according to IDC research, the volume of the market of cloud IT services in Russia
amounted to about $ 35.08 million in 2010, which is about 0.006% of the total IT
market in Russia, whereas globally, the share of IT services for public clouds was for
the same period about 7.5% of the world IT market. This is partly due to the fact that
in Russia the share of services in the total volume of the IT market is about 20%,
whereas in the Western IT market, services account for more than 60%. As the world
experience shows, at the initial stage of the development of the cloud IT services
market, the SaaS model dominates, which, as the market matures, lags behind the
growing segments of IaaS and PaaS. In 2009, the Russian market was at the very
beginning of development, and about 94% of its volume was accounted for by SaaS.
The same trend continued in 2010. The main share in this segment, according to IDC,
was Microsoft products, provided to customers through local partners of the company.
The volume of the PaaS segment in 2009 in Russia was only slightly less than 5.5%
of the cloud market, this market in Russia only then began to form. And in 2010 there
were solutions based on the platform of the company Aprentis, then the Russian
project was launched – the cloud platform Hivext, supported by Softline. This is the first
in Russia portal, providing customers with a large selection of «cloud» solutions, and
developers – a platform for development and a full cycle of promotion and sales of
SaaS. However, with the existing offer from the largest international corporations
Microsoft, IBM, Intel, NEC, as well as the Russian system integrator – companies
CROC and other domestic IT-suppliers, the demand for cloud services in Russia is
still small. Nevertheless, the IBM 2011 CIO Study showed that 60% of the
organization is ready to implement solutions over the next five years based on cloud
computing technology. Segment IaaS occupied in 2010 about 0.5% of the total market of
cloud services. In 2009, «Oversan» and IT Grad announced the launch of the IaaS
business in Russia. Later, they were added a number of players – primarily CROC
and Parking.ru. According to the CROC, starting this business in 2010, in September
the company signed a number of projects on cloud computing for a total of $ 800
thousand. Finally, in 2010, more than 200 companies and projects were located in the
«Oversan» cloud. Countries with more developed markets for «cloud» services are
following the same path: first saturation with SaaS services, and then the share of this
segment is gradually reduced. For example, in 2008, the share of SaaS in the world
market was 57%, and in 2009 – about 50%. According to IDC forecasts, as the cloud
computing market matures, the share of Russian solutions on it will increase; while
the market itself will grow at a high rate. By the end of 2014, according to IDC, the
volume of the Russian SaaS market will increase to $113.4 million, the IaaS segment
will grow to $35.5 million, and PaaS to $12.5 million. Considering the development
of cloud technologies in Russia, it should be noted that according to IDC analysts, the
Russian cloud market is at an average stage of its development and the growing
interest in the cloud model of providing IT services is noticeable. Indeed, Russia is a huge
country with a moderately developing IT-infrastructure; this alone is enough for the
success of the cloud revolution in Russia. Using the clouds, authorities,
municipalities, as well as local companies could finally get access to high-quality modern and
inexpensive IT-systems [
At 2011 year in Kazakhstan is launched the development of cloud projects to keep
up, and be head and shoulders above other countries. The curator of cloud projects was
the daughter company of Kazakhtelecom – JSC»KT Cloud Lab». And in the
metropolitan area of Kazakhstan, in Almaty the representative office of the company «NEC Neva
Communication Systems» was opened. Representatives of these companies expressed
their readiness to meet the needs of small and medium-sized businesses in Kazakhstan
in IT solutions in the field of cloud computing. On the IT market of Kazakhstan, NEC
has been operating since 2006. The main customer of this company is Kazakhtelecom.
Other IT representatives of Kazakhstan, such as KazTransCom, also use NEC services.
Successfully developing in the field of cloud technologies, such companies as
Academset LLP, ST Integrator Company LLP, ARTA™ Company, LLP KT-Cloud-Lab
representatives from Cisco, Microsoft and many others. As for the demand for virtualization
in business, the study «Study of demand for info communication services in the segment
of corporate business» was conducted (ICT-Marketing, at the end of 2012). According
to its results, the Virtual Data Center service is attractive for 13% of companies in
Almaty, 4% in Astana, as well as for 1% in Karaganda and 5% in Ust-Kamenogorsk,
which amounts to 353 medium and large enterprises. Some Kazakh companies have
gone further and have already built whole data centers for commercial operation and
will launch them in the near future. As an example, we can mention the project of
Kazakhtelecom – «Private cloud environment» on the basis of data processing centers for
corporate clients. We can also consider that the development of intelligent technologies
in Kazakhstan, for their deployment in the cloud environment, is progressing well. For
example, in the Institute of Informatics and Management Problems in Kazakhstan, a
system of intelligent computer vision based on 3D technology has been developed. It is
designed to create artificial images that mimic human behavior. Software and hardware
complex «Azamat 911» was named as a domestic «Robocop». It is equipped with ten
cameras, and the software allows you to focus on people whose behavior will seem to
the Azamat-911 complex to be suspicious. As for the construction and implementation
of the Data Centers of huge capacity, large-scale, undeveloped, both in Western Europe
and the United States, but mainly the development of data centers of small-medium
capacity, for the banking sector and for small and medium-sized businesses in
Kazakhstan. One of the examples of such centers is in Pavlodar, with a capacity of 300 server
cabinets, which is inferior to foreign analogues, but still the largest in Kazakhstan [
The purpose of scientific work is a solution the problem of choosing platforms for cloud computing government agencies. In the process of scientific work, the following studies were carried out: The analysis of the introduction of cloud services into Kazakhstan, and their advantages, and benefits for the public sector. List of companies in the form of a table, as the most competitive and the best in the world among cloud services, by the module of PaaS. The main criteria for selection of cloud technologies are proposed, for their introduction into state agencies of Kazakhstan. To assess the level of quality of cloud services, a differential method of quality assessment is applied. The proposed list of companies, in the form of a table, from the list of Cloud100 are rated by all major criteria, as the most competitive and the best among all cloud companies in the world, by the module of PaaS. Taking into account the main selection criteria and the differential method for assessing the quality of services, companies were selected in the form of a table, the most suitable for the service of state bodies of Kazakhstan, by the module of PaaS. Designed the web Portal for quality assessment of cloud services from various companies around the world. 4
Among the main players in the cloud computing market are: Google, Microsoft, Amazon.com. The main services are Windows Azure, Google Apps Engine, Amazon Web Services (see fig. 6)
Google Apps Engine
Windows
Azure Amazon
Web
Services It is proposed that a brief description software products of the major players involved in cloud-based services, such as Microsoft, Google.
Company Microsoft to provide cloud-based services uses its own product, called Windows Azure.
Windows Azure is an open and flexible cloud platform that allows you to quickly create, deploy, and manage applications in a global network of data centers running Microsoft. You can develop applications using any language, tool or platform. In addition, in a public cloud applications can integrate with existing IT environment.
From this definition it follows that Windows Azure is a cloud platform and allows you to work with business applications, services and tasks in the cloud.
Keywords describing the Windows Azure platform.
Flexible. Windows Azure platform includes many cloud services for any tasks — from website hosting companies to work with large databases of SQL in the cloud. In addition, this platform has features that provide high performance and low latency network for cloud-based applications.
Managed. All Windows Azure services are posted in several datacenters; in the United States, Europe and Asia. These centers are managed by Microsoft and provide round-the-clock, professional support.
Compatible. Cloud applications in Windows Azure can easily be integrated with local IT environments running on Microsoft Windows Server.
Google Company, to provide cloud-based services, uses its products Google Apps. Google App Engine allows you to run your web applications in the Google infrastructure. Applications of Google App Engine are easy to create, maintain and improve as traffic and data storage grows.
Windows Azure provides companies; four main types of cloud services: (see fig. 7) Google App Engine includes the following functions: dynamic work in the Internet with full support of basic Web technologies; persistent storage with queries, sorting and transactions; automatic scaling and load control; APIs for authenticating users and sending email using Google accounts; Full-featured local environment of development that simulates Google App Engine on your computer;
Scheduled tasks for track events at a specific time or at regular intervals [
Basic criteria for selection cloud Services (see fig. 8) Scalability is the ability of information systems entities to withstand the growing workload and handle large amounts of data.
Elasticity – the ability to quickly respond to changing business conditions and the ability to rapidly introduce new products or services, having the complete cycle of planning, design and development information system.
Multi-tenancy is one of the ways to reduce costs by maximizing the using of common resources for servicing different groups of users, different organizations, different categories of consumers, and so on.
Payment of used resources is another attribute of cloud computing that allows you to
transfer part of the capital costs to operating costs. Thus by purchasing only the required
amount of resources, optimize the costs related to the work of the information systems
organization. Self-service is the ability to request and obtain the required resources to
consumers in a matter of minutes [
Twenty leading providers of cloud platform.
There are many ways to build cloud platforms. Consider the 20 most promising suppliers
of the cloud platform from the Cloud 100 list that solve this problem (see Table 2).
To assess the level of quality of services using the following methods: differential,
integral and mixed. In my work to assess the quality of cloud services, I chose a
method such as differential evaluation method is more suitable for international
standards for such services.
where Pi – value of the i -th indicator of the quality of the evaluated service; Piб –
value of the i -th index of the quality of the base sample [
If the evaluated service has all relative quality indicators Ki 1, then its quality level is higher or equal to the base one; if all Ki 1, then lower.
Cloud platforms are evaluated by such criteria as scalability, elasticity, multi-tenancy,
fault tolerance, payment for using, self-service. Therefore, when assessing cloud services,
for a basic sample, services are accepted whose quality indicators correspond to the world
level or the best domestic samples. The selection of basic samples is carried out by the
relevant industry research institutes, central and head design offices, parent and basic
organizations for standardization. The level of quality of services, estimated by the aggregate
of indicators, which does not include economic, is called the technical level of quality of
services. When economic indicators are taken into account, then they speak about the
technical and economic level of the quality of services. In my work, cloud services are
mostly estimated by technical indicators [
Consider a table list of companies (see Table 3) , that evaluated on criteria such as scalability, elasticity, multi-tenancy, fault tolerance, payment for using, self service for technical reasons.
Brief description of company's services which are working in cloud-based PaaS services (see Table 4).
Uses an improper, commercial version
of the software framework Apache
Hadoop. 5
Web-portal (www.cloud.kz), was developed to evaluate the quality of cloud services from various companies in the world that are working on cloud services. The webportal is a platform where services are displayed for a segment such as PaaS. And the service in the 1st segment is rated by all criteria, in the 5th point scale. The quality of cloud services is estimated using a differential method and the results are given in the form of a histogram. The web-portal provides a room for the registration of companies engaged in cloud services (see fig. 9). For example, the results of evaluating the quality of cloud services by criteria such as scalability and resiliency in the PaaS segment are presented. (see fig. 10-11). In the research work, among the 20 best providers of cloud services in the segment such as PaaS were selected the most suitable for servicing state agencies of Kazakhstan on scalability, multi-tenancy, fault tolerance; such companies: (see Table 5). Web-portal www.cloud.kz has been developed, sorting cloud services for the PaaS segment and evaluating services of cloud companies according to the main criteria. Brief overviews of cloud products from various companies are provided. The table of twenty best companies on cloud technology, as PaaS included in the international list of Cloud100, is offered. The history of development of cloud technologies in various countries of the world is described. The analysis and monitoring of the development of cloud services in the countries of the world is carried out, including in Kazakhstan.